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  1. S. pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the solid organ transplant recipient (SOTR); nevertheless, the prevalence of colonization and of the colonizing/infecting serotypes has not be...

    Authors: Cristina Roca-Oporto, Tania Cebrero-Cangueiro, María Luisa Gil-Marqués, Gema Labrador-Herrera, Younes Smani, Francisco Manuel González-Roncero, Luis Miguel Marín, Jerónimo Pachón, María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez and Elisa Cordero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:697
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Human norovirus is regarded as the leading cause of nonbacterial acute diarrhea in developing and developed countries. Among all genotypes, GII.4 has been the predominant genotype, but in East Asia, it was rep...

    Authors: Liang Xue, Weicheng Cai, Junshan Gao, Le Zhang, Ruimin Dong, Yonglai Li, Haoming Wu, Moutong Chen, Jumei Zhang, Juan Wang and Qingping Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:696
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed disease and now increasingly recognised. However, the diagnosis of CPA remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to investigate th...

    Authors: Xiuqing Ma, Kaifei Wang, Xin Zhao, Yang Liu, Yanqin Li, Xiaotian Yu, Chunsun Li, David W. Denning and Lixin Xie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:694
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among general practitioners (GPs), a frontline healthcare worker group, in Indone...

    Authors: Harapan Harapan, Yogambigai Rajamoorthy, Prattama S. Utomo, Samsul Anwar, Abdul M. Setiawan, Alma Alleta, Alfredo Bambang, Muhammad R. Ramadana, Ikram Ikram, Nur Wahyuniati, Reza Maulana, Ichsan Ichsan, Rosaria Indah, Abram L. Wagner, Ulrich Kuch, David A. Groneberg…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:693
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Definitive diagnosis of meningitis is made by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) obtained from a lumbar puncture (LP), which may take days. A timelier diagnostic c...

    Authors: Michelle Troendle and Alexis Pettigrew
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:692
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) represents about 14% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The aims of the study include evaluation of socio-demographic factors, clinical manifestations, co-morbid...

    Authors: Amer Hayat Khan, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Madeeha Laghari, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Abdul Razak Muttalif, Zohra Bhatti, Long Chiau Ming and Bandeh Ali Talpur
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:691
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In most developing countries, puerperal sepsis is treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics due to lack of resources for culture and antibiotics susceptibility testing. However, empirical treatment d...

    Authors: Raymond Kiponza, Belinda Balandya, Mtebe V. Majigo and Mecky Matee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:690
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Isoniazid (INH) represents the cornerstone for the treatment of cases infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. Several molecular mechanisms have been shown to be the major causes for INH resistance...

    Authors: Fengmin Huo, Jie Lu, Zhaojing Zong, Wei Jing, Jin Shi, Yifeng Ma, Lingling Dong, Liping Zhao, Yufeng Wang, Hairong Huang and Yu Pang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:689
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Rwanda are not well known; however, this information is crucial to shaping the country’s public health approach to hepatitis C control.

    Authors: Jean Damascene Makuza, Carol Y. Liu, Corneille Killy Ntihabose, Donatha Dushimiyimana, Sabine Umuraza, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Justine Umutesi, Janvier Serumondo, Soline Dusabeyesu Mugeni, Muhamed Semakula, Neil Gupta, Margaret Hellard and Sabin Nsanzimana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:688
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Jiao and colleagues reported a case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome who developed respiratory failure and symmetrical flaccid paralysis of all extremities. Electrophysiology revealed peripheral nerve ...

    Authors: Linpei Jia, Rufu Jia and Hongliang Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:687
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:143

  11. In Europe, the highest proportion of HIV diagnoses are in gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Globally, HIV prevalence is particularly high among males who report selling sex, but rates among me...

    Authors: Rigmor C. Berg, Peter Weatherburn, Ulrich Marcus and Axel J. Schmidt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:686
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. HIV-infected children are at a higher risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) and its mortality, even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, an effective vaccination strategy would be beneficial....

    Authors: Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Hodjat Borna and Ali Ahmadi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:685
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Botrytis species are well known fungal pathogens of various plants but have not been reported as human pathogens, except as allergenic precipitants of asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

    Authors: Seishu Hashimoto, Eisaku Tanaka, Masakuni Ueyama, Satoru Terada, Takashi Inao, Yusuke Kaji, Takehiro Yasuda, Takashi Hajiro, Tatsuo Nakagawa, Satoshi Noma, Gen Honjo, Yoichiro Kobashi, Noriyuki Abe, Katsuhiko Kamei and Yoshio Taguchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:684
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. WHO identifies pregnant women to be at increased risk for severe outcomes from influenza virus infections and recommends that they be prioritized for influenza vaccination. The evidence supporting this, howeve...

    Authors: Dominik Mertz, Calvin Ka-Fung Lo, Lyubov Lytvyn, Justin R. Ortiz and Mark Loeb
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:683
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Adolescents are a prime target group for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine trials that include prevention of infection (POI). The BCG vaccine is given at birth and does not prevent TB infection. TB infection, a critic...

    Authors: Videlis Nduba, Anna H. van’t Hoog, Annefleur de Bruijn, Ellen M. H. Mitchell, Kayla Laserson and Martien Borgdorff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:682
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are important pathogens of pediatric respiratory tract infections in Taiwan. There were two major HAdV epidemics in southern Taiwan in 2011 and 2014, respectively.

    Authors: Ching-Fen Shen, Shih-Min Wang, Jen-Ren Wang, Yu-Shiang Hu, Tzong-Shiann Ho and Ching-Chuan Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:681
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. A major challenge in dengue management in resource limited settings is the confirmation of diagnosis. Clinical features of dengue often overlap with other infections and molecular diagnostic tools are not read...

    Authors: Ponsuge Chathurani Sigera, Ranmalee Amarasekara, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Senaka Rajapakse, Praveen Weeratunga, Nipun Lakshita De Silva, Chun Hong Huang, Malaya K. Sahoo, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Dylan R. Pillai, Hasitha A. Tissera, Saroj Jayasinghe, Shiroma Handunnetti and Sumadhya D. Fernando
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:680
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Abnormal sexual behaviors presenting as manifestations of rabies have occasionally been reported in the literature, although little attention has been paid to these cases to date. This study aimed to analyze t...

    Authors: Zhaoxing Tian, Yingyu Chen and Wei Yan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:679
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Fecal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a risk factor for bacterial translocation resulting in subsequent endogenous infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the...

    Authors: Fen Pan, Dongxing Tian, Bingjie Wang, Wantong Zhao, Huihong Qin, Tiandong Zhang and Hong Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:678
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. In addition to seasonal influenza viruses recently circulating in humans, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9 subtypes have also emerged and demonstrated human infection abilities with high m...

    Authors: Su Jeong Ahn, Yun Hee Baek, Khristine Kaith S. Lloren, Won-Suk Choi, Ju Hwan Jeong, Khristine Joy C. Antigua, Hyeok-il Kwon, Su-Jin Park, Eun-Ha Kim, Young-il Kim, Young-Jae Si, Seung Bok Hong, Kyeong Seob Shin, Sungkun Chun, Young Ki Choi and Min-Suk Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:676
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:965

  22. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is now recognized as a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV specific antibodies develop shortly after infection and are thought to confer protection.

    Authors: Marcus Panning, Kristi Basho, Andreas Fahrner and Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:675
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  23. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence club (AC) differentiated service delivery model, where clinically stable ART patients receive their ART refills and psychosocial support in groups has supported clini...

    Authors: Lynne Wilkinson, Anna Grimsrud, Tali Cassidy, Catherine Orrell, Jacqueline Voget, Helen Hayes, Claire Keene, Sarah Jane Steele and Rodd Gerstenhaber
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:674
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Previous qualitative studies suggested that the false negative rate of the T cell spot test for tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB) is associated with many risk factors in tuberculosis patients. However, more prec...

    Authors: Kui Li, Caiyong Yang, Zicheng Jiang, Shengxi Liu, Jun Liu, Chuanqi Fan, Tao Li and Xuemin Dong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:673
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Corynebacterium striatum is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen associated with immunocompromised and chronically ill patients, as well as nosocomial outbreaks. In this study, we characterized 23 MDR C...

    Authors: Juliana Nunes Ramos, Cassius Souza, Yuri Vieira Faria, Eliane Cristine da Silva, João Flávio Carneiro Veras, Paulo Victor Pereira Baio, Sérgio Henrique Seabra, Lilian de Oliveira Moreira, Raphael Hirata Júnior, Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi and Verônica Viana Vieira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:672
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a rare complication of influenza infection that has substantial morbidity. We report the first case of OP associated with avian influenza H7N9 infection that had significant improv...

    Authors: Hangyong He, Hao Wang, Xuyan Li, Xiao Tang, Bing Sun and Zhaohui Tong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:671
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in women. In order to determine the epidemiological characteristics as well as the relationship between the HP...

    Authors: Liang Ma, Jieping Lei, Li Ma, Xiao Cong, Na Wang, Hui Yang, Qian Liu, Yang Yu and Yongtong Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:670
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. As a gateway for HIV-1 in China, Yunnan has experienced dramatic changes in HIV-1 epidemics, during which HIV-1 genotypes have become complex. To track dynamic changes in HIV-1 genotypes, an HIV-1 molecular ep...

    Authors: Min Chen, Yanling Ma, Huichao Chen, Jie Dai, Hongbing Luo, Chaojun Yang, Lijuan Dong, Xiaomei Jin, Min Yang, Li Yang, Lijun Song, Zhizhong Song and Manhong Jia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:669
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. A severe seasonal influenza epidemic was observed during 2017–2018 in China, prompting questions on clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe cases with influenza.

    Authors: Xiaofang Fu, Yuqing Zhou, Jie Wu, Xiaoxiao Liu, Cheng Ding, Chenyang Huang, Shufa Zheng, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Yu Chen, Lanjuan Li and Shigui Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:668
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NL ratio) has been reported to be a predictive biomarker of tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the association between the NL ratio and the incidence of active TB cases within 1...

    Authors: Reiko Miyahara, Surachai Piyaworawong, Vivek Naranbhai, Prarit Prachamat, Prapimporn Kriengwatanapong, Naho Tsuchiya, Jiraporn Wongyai, Surasit Bupachat, Norio Yamada, Surin Summanapan, Surakameth Mahasirimongkol and Hideki Yanai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:667
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Human brucellosis is endemic in China and commonly occurs through contact with infected animals from working with livestock or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Although rare, human-to-human, and po...

    Authors: Guozhong Tian, Zhifei Zhan, Aimin Zhang, Hongyan Zhao, Xin Xia, Zixiang He, Bing Zhang, Menghua Zhao, Dongri Piao, Dianying Lu and Hai Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:666
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Scrub typhus is a mite borne zoonosis common in the tropics with no good preventive strategy. Children are also affected leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. We conducted a case control study and a...

    Authors: Winsley Rose, Gagandeep Kang, Valsan Philip Verghese, Sadanandane Candassamy, Prasanna Samuel, John Jude Antony Prakash and Jayaprakash Muliyil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:665
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Several studies have identified predictors of severe infections in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, the development of oral candidiasis (OC) as a predictor of subsequen...

    Authors: Makoto Yamaguchi, Takayuki Katsuno, Shiho Iwagaitsu, Hironobu Nobata, Hiroshi Kinashi, Shogo Banno and Yasuhiko Ito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:664
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Community-acquired sepsis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, which starts within ≤72 h of hospital admittance in an infected patient without recent exposure to healthcare risks. Our aim was to evaluate t...

    Authors: Balint Gergely Szabo, Rebeka Kiss, Katalin Szidonia Lenart, Bence Marosi, Eszter Vad, Botond Lakatos and Eszter Ostorhazi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:584
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Biomedical interventions such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are highly effective for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, China has not rel...

    Authors: Qing-hai Hu, Kathrine Meyers, Jun-jie Xu, Zhen-xing Chu, Jing Zhang, Hai-bo Ding, Xiao-xu Han, Yong-jun Jiang, Wen-qing Geng and Hong Shang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:663
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases and risk factors for one-year mortality in elderly emergency department (ED) patients.

    Authors: Maythita Ittisanyakorn, Sukkhum Ruchichanantakul, Alissara Vanichkulbodee and Jiraporn Sri-on
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:662
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Echinococcosis multilocularis (Hydatid Disease - HD) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus multilocularis (EM). The main sites for this zoonosis are the Middle East, China, India, Ala...

    Authors: Marek Kowalczyk, Waldemar Kurpiewski, Ewa Zieliński, Dariusz Zadrożny, Łukasz Klepacki, Wit Juśkiewicz, Jacek Lasocki, Łukasz Dyśko, Krzysztof Batia and Wiesław Pesta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:661
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment is imperative in bacterial sepsis due increasing risk of mortality with every hour without appropriate antibiotic therapy. Atypical infections with fastidious organism...

    Authors: Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Tania P. S. Duarte, Son H. Nguyen, Vichitra Sukumaran, Alexandra Stewart, Sally Appleton, Miranda E. Pitt, Arnold Bainomugisa, Amy V. Jennison, Rikki Graham, Lachlan J. M. Coin and Krispin Hajkowicz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:660
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. It is estimated that over a third of the world population is infected by malaria and helminthiases mainly among communities with high poverty indices. The distribution of these parasitic infections overlaps in...

    Authors: Nigatu Tuasha, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Berhanu Erko and Beyene Petros
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:659
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common HIV-related opportunistic infections. The diagnosis of PCP is based on analyses from respiratory tract specimens which may require the invasive pro...

    Authors: Helena Hammarström, Anna Grankvist, Isabell Broman, Nahid Kondori, Christine Wennerås, Magnus Gisslen and Vanda Friman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:658
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The immune response to seasonal influenza vaccines decreases with advancing age. Therefore, an adjuvanted inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (Fluad®) exists for elderly individuals. Fluad® is more immunog...

    Authors: Manas K. Akmatov, Peggy Riese, Stephanie Trittel, Marcus May, Jana Prokein, Thomas Illig, Christoph Schindler, Carlos A. Guzmán and Frank Pessler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:656
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Although significant improvement in efficacy measured by a sustained virological response, the high acquisition costs of direct-acting antivirals limit the access for patients and influence the costs of health...

    Authors: Ru Han, Junwen Zhou, Clément François and Mondher Toumi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:655
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Retaining patients on antiretroviral treatment in care is critical to sustaining the 90:90:90 vision. Nigeria has made some progress in placing HIV-positive patients on treatment. In an effort to increase acce...

    Authors: Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Chima Ariel Onoka, Pearl Adaoha Agu, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Muhammad Shakir Balogun and Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:654
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The differential diagnosis of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) is very extensive, and includes infectious diseases (ID), neoplasms and noninfectious inflammatory diseases (NIID). Many FUO remain undiagnosed. Fact...

    Authors: Francesco Maria Fusco, Raffaella Pisapia, Salvatore Nardiello, Stefano Domenico Cicala, Giovanni Battista Gaeta and Giuseppina Brancaccio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:653
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common cause of non-genetic hearing loss in childhood. A newborn hearing screening program (NHSP) is currently running in Italy, but no universal cCMV nor statewid...

    Authors: Laura Pellegrinelli, Cristina Galli, Valeria Primache, Mirko Alde’, Enrico Fagnani, Federica Di Berardino, Diego Zanetti, Elena Pariani, Umberto Ambrosetti and Sandro Binda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:652
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a vaccine preventable disease. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), poor hygiene and sanitation conditions are the main risk factors contributing t...

    Authors: Jenna Patterson, Leila Abdullahi, Gregory D. Hussey, Rudzani Muloiwa and Benjamin M. Kagina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:651
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. This study aimed to evaluate the oral switch (OS) stewardship intervention in the intensive care unit (ICU).

    Authors: Juliano Gasparetto, Felipe Francisco Tuon, Dayana dos Santos Oliveira, Tiago Zequinao, Gabriel Rammert Pipolo, Gabriel Velloso Ribeiro, Paola Delai Benincá, June Alisson Westarb Cruz and Thyago Proenca Moraes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:650
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Despite the greater sensitivity of the new dengue clinical classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009, there is a need for a better definition of warning signs and clinical progress...

    Authors: Gleicy Macedo Hair, Flávio Fonseca Nobre and Patrícia Brasil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:649
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

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