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  1. Increasing multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections poses a serious threat to public health. Few studies have analyzed co-resistance rates, defined as an antimicrobial susceptibility prof...

    Authors: Patrick HP Wong, Marcus von Krosigk, Diane L Roscoe, Tim TY Lau, Masoud Yousefi and William R Bowie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:393
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The comparative impact of chronic viral monoinfection versus coinfection on inpatient outcomes and health care utilization is relatively unknown. This study examined trends, inpatient utilization, and hospital...

    Authors: Christine U Oramasionwu, Joshua C Toliver, Terence L Johnson, Heather N Moore and Christopher R Frei
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:536
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Aminoglycosides are a critical component of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment but data on their efficacy and adverse effects in Botswana is scarce. We determined the effect of amikacin on tre...

    Authors: Chawangwa Modongo, Rafal S Sobota, Boikobo Kesenogile, Ronald Ncube, Giorgio Sirugo, Scott M Williams and Nicola M Zetola
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:542
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. A novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in eastern China in February 2013. 413 confirmed human cases, including 157 deaths, have been recorded as of July 31, 2014.

    Authors: Jian Fan, David Cui, Siuying Lau, Guoliang Xie, Xichao Guo, Shufa Zheng, Xiaofeng Huang, Shigui Yang, Xianzhi Yang, Zhaoxia Huo, Fei Yu, Jianzhou Lou, Li Tian, Xuefen Li, Yuejiao Dong, Qiaoyun Zhu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:541
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. In the past decade methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become increasingly prevalent in community settings. Attending a daycare center (DCC) is a known risk factor for colonization with MRSA. B...

    Authors: Eneida Dias Vianna Braga, Fábio Aguiar-Alves, Maria de Fátima Nogueira de Freitas, Monique Oliveira de e Silva, Thami Valadares Correa, Robert E Snyder, Verônica Afonso de Araújo, Mariel Asbury Marlow, Lee W Riley, Sérgio Setúbal, Licínio Esmeraldo Silva and Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:538
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. China has the largest number of the elderly in the world. As the proportion of elderly is rapidly increasing among national reported HIV/AIDS cases, it is a concern about HIV epidemic among older MSM in China....

    Authors: Yong-ze Li, Jun-jie Xu, Han-zhu Qian, Bing-xin You, Jing Zhang, Jian-ming Zhang, Qing-hai Hu, Zhen-xing Chu, Shu-yang Liu, Yong-jun Jiang, Wen-qing Geng and Hong Shang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:531
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In most biological experiments, especially infectious disease, the exposure-response relationship is interrelated by a multitude of factors rather than many independent factors. Little is known about the suita...

    Authors: Jinma Ren, Zhen Ning, Carmen S Kirkness, Carl V Asche and Huaping Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:540
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The distributions of incubation and relapse periods are key components of infectious disease models for the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax; however, detailed distributions based upon experimental data are lack...

    Authors: Andrew A Lover, Xiahong Zhao, Zheng Gao, Richard J Coker and Alex R Cook
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:539
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The clinical course of tuberculosis (TB) infection, bacterial load and the morphology of lesions vary between pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Antigens expressed in abundance during infection could represent r...

    Authors: Tehmina Mustafa, Nils Anders Leversen, Lisbet Sviland and Harald Gotten Wiker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:535
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines were evaluate...

    Authors: Fong Seng Lim, Mia Tuang Koh, Kah Kee Tan, Poh Chong Chan, Chia Yin Chong, Yeo Wee Shung Yehudi, Yee Leong Teoh, Fakrudeen Shafi, Marjan Hezareh, Kristien Swinnen and Dorota Borys
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:530
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. In a context of change in the demographic profile of the older population, to identify an age threshold for increased risk and burden of herpes zoster (HZ) in 70+ patients.

    Authors: Martin Duracinsky, Marc Paccalin, Gaëtan Gavazzi, Sohéla El Kebir, Jacques Gaillat, Christophe Strady, Didier Bouhassira and Olivier Chassany
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:529
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. International travel contributes to the worldwide spread of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Rates of travel-related faecal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacter...

    Authors: Esther Kuenzli, Veronika K Jaeger, Reno Frei, Andreas Neumayr, Susan DeCrom, Sabine Haller, Johannes Blum, Andreas F Widmer, Hansjakob Furrer, Manuel Battegay, Andrea Endimiani and Christoph Hatz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), retinal changes have previously been noted but not described in detail and their clinical and pathological significance are unknown. A prospective observational study was undert...

    Authors: Richard James Maude, BUM Wahid Ahmed, Abu Hayat Md Waliur Rahman, Ridwanur Rahman, Mohammed Ishaque Majumder, Darryl Braganza Menezes, Abdullah Abu Sayeed, Laura Hughes, Thomas J MacGillivray, Shyamanga Borooah, Baljean Dhillon, Arjen M Dondorp and Mohammad Abul Faiz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:527
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The incidence of pertussis has been increasing worldwide. In the Netherlands, the seroprevalence has risen higher than the reported cases, suggesting that laboratory tests for pertussis are considered infreque...

    Authors: Gertrude van den Brink, Jérôme O Wishaupt, Jacob C Douma, Nico G Hartwig and Florens GA Versteegh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which can infect almost all mammalian animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. T. gondii rhoptry protein 38 (TgROP38) is an active rhoptry protein kinase which i...

    Authors: Ying Xu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Qi-Dong Tan, Jia Chen, Jing Lu, Qian-Ming Xu and Xing-Quan Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Host genotype accounts for a component of the variability in susceptibility to childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, despite numerous examples of host polymorphisms associated with tolerance or resist...

    Authors: George M Warimwe, Gregory Fegan, Esther W Kiragu, Jennifer N Musyoki, Alexander W Macharia, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N Williams and Peter C Bull
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:524
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Clostridium difficile carriage has been considered as a potential source for the deadly infection, but its role in cancer patients is still unclear. We aimed to identify the clinical and immunological factors th...

    Authors: Wei-Jia Fang, Da-Zhi Jing, Yun Luo, Cai-Yun Fu, Peng Zhao, Jiong Qian, Bing-Ru Tian, Xiao-Gang Chen, Yu-Long Zheng, Yi Zheng, Jing Deng, Wei-Hua Zou, Xue-Ren Feng, Fan-Long Liu, Xiao-Zhou Mou and Shu-Sen Zheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Environmental exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. The influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment and re...

    Authors: Yutaka Ito, Toyohiro Hirai, Kohei Fujita, Takeshi Kubo, Koichi Maekawa, Satoshi Ichiyama, Kaori Togashi and Michiaki Mishima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Undernourished, HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa have high levels of systemic inflammation, which is a risk factor for mortality and other adverse health outcomes. We hypothesized that microbial trans...

    Authors: Ashley Canipe, Takondwa Chidumayo, Meridith Blevins, Michael Bestawros, Jay Bala, Paul Kelly, Suzanne Filteau, Bryan E Shepherd, Douglas C Heimburger and John R Koethe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:521
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Trichuriasis is a parasitic disease caused by the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura. It affects millions worldwide, particularly in the tropics. This nematode parasite burrows into the colonic epithelium result...

    Authors: Rebecca JM Hurst, Thomas Hopwood, Amanda L Gallagher, Frederick A Partridge, Timothy Burgis, David B Sattelle and Kathryn J Else
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:520
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) program of Cameroon recommends routine laboratory monitoring of haematological toxicity if a regimen contains zidovudine (AZT) and of hepatotoxicity for NVP-containing regimens...

    Authors: Cavin Epie Bekolo, Cecile Sonkoue, Hortense Djidjou, Patrick Sylvestre Bekoule and Basile Kollo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:519
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Central venous catheters (CVC) removal and reinsertion of a new CVC in the setting of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is not always possible in septic patients. The purpose of this stud...

    Authors: Anne-Marie Chaftari, Aline El Zakhem, Mohamed A Jamal, Ying Jiang, Ray Hachem and Issam Raad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:518
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen associated with endemic and acute viral hepatitis. In this study, we investigate the HEV seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional...

    Authors: Youngsil Yoon, Hye Sook Jeong, Haesun Yun, Hyeokjin Lee, Yoo-Sung Hwang, Bohyun Park, Chae Jin Lee, Sangwon Lee and Ji-Yeon Hyeon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:517
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. HIV infected children are at increased risk of TB disease and require annual TB screening. Data on use of IGRA for TB screening in them are limited. We retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of Quantiferon G...

    Authors: Winsley Rose, Ian Kitai, Fatima Kakkar, Stanley E Read, Marcel A Behr and Ari Bitnun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:516
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. International travel from low-incidence to high-incidence countries for tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a risk factor for acquiring TB infection. In this prospective study among long-term travellers we examin...

    Authors: Floor Elfrink, Anneke van den Hoek, Marlies E Mensen and Gerard JB Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:515
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Prolonged asymptomatic carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the gastrointestinal tract and the lack of effective decolonization regimen perpetuate the endemicity of VRE in the healthcare setti...

    Authors: Vincent CC Cheng, Jonathan HK Chen, Josepha WM Tai, Sally CY Wong, Rosana WS Poon, Ivan FN Hung, Kelvin KW To, Jasper FW Chan, Pak-Leung Ho, Chung-Mau Lo and Kwok-Yung Yuen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:514
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistan...

    Authors: Håkan Hanberger, Massimo Antonelli, Martin Holmbom, Jeffrey Lipman, Peter Pickkers, Marc Leone, Jordi Rello, Yasser Sakr, Sten M Walther, Philippe Vanhems and Jean-Louis Vincent
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:513
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) range in alcohol concentration from 60-95% and are available in a variety of delivery formats, such as rinses, gels, and foams. Recent studies suggest that some ABHR foams dry to...

    Authors: David R Macinga, David J Shumaker, Heinz-Peter Werner, Sarah L Edmonds, Rachel A Leslie, Albert E Parker and James W Arbogast
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:511
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The 1918–19 ‘Spanish’ Influenza was the most devastating pandemic in recent history, with estimates of global mortality ranging from 20 to 50 million. The focal point of the pandemic was India, with an estimat...

    Authors: Siddharth Chandra and Eva Kassens-Noor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:510
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Authors: Jeffrey V Lazarus, Jens Lundgren, Jordi Casabona, Lucas Wiessing, Catharina Matheï, Peter Vickerman, Maria Prins, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Maria Kantzanou, Isabelle Giraudon, Marica Ferri, Paul Griffiths, Magdalena Harris, Margaret Walker, Lilyana Chavdarova, Eberhard Schatz…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S18
    Content type: Roundtable Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  31. Globally, over 10 million people are held in prisons and other places of detention at any given time. People who inject drugs (PWID) comprise 10-48% of male and 30-60% of female prisoners. The spread of hepati...

    Authors: Amber Arain, Geert Robaeys and Heino Stöver
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S17
    Content type: Review Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  32. Fifteen million adults in the World Health Organization European Region are estimated to have active hepatitis C infection. Intravenous drug use is a major hepatitis C transmission route in this region, and pe...

    Authors: Jeffrey V Lazarus, Ida Sperle, Mojca Maticic and Lucas Wiessing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S16
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  33. Unsafe injections, through infectious bodily fluids, are a major route of transmission for hepatitis B and C. Viral hepatitis burden among people who inject drugs is particularly high in many Member States of ...

    Authors: Alexander Spina, Irina Eramova and Jeffrey V Lazarus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S15
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  34. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major global health problem, which in high-income countries now mostly affects people who inject drugs (PWID). Many studies show that the treatment of HCV infecti...

    Authors: Mojca Maticic, Jerneja Videcnik Zorman, Sergeja Gregorcic, Eberhard Schatz and Jeffrey V Lazarus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S14
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  36. Behavioural surveillance among people who inject drugs (PWID) and testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV is needed to understand the scope of both epidemics in at-risk populations and to suggest steps to ...

    Authors: Robert Heimer, Ksenia Eritsyan, Russell Barbour and Olga S Levina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S12
    Content type: Research Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  38. Authors: Antonio Corbacho, Manuel Rivera, Francisco Trujillo, Maite Martí, José Carbonell, Francisco Fernández, Alexandre Rosselló, Jordi Perramon, Jaume Salse and Ignacio Ramos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S10
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  48. Frequent hand-washing is standard advice for avoidance of respiratory tract infections, but the evidence for a preventive effect in a general community setting is sparse. We therefore set out to quantify, in a...

    Authors: Hanna Merk, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Annika Linde and Olof Nyrén
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:509
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. There have been inconsistent findings on the association between current drug use and HIV disease progression and virologic suppression. Drug use was often measured using self-report of historical use. Objecti...

    Authors: Han-Zhu Qian, Valerie J Mitchell, Sally Bebawy, Holly Cassell, Gina Perez, Catherine C McGowan, Timothy R Sterling, Sten H Vermund, Richard D’Aquila and Todd Hulgan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:508
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a severe burden on public health worldwide, causing mortality rates triple that of the general population. Since 2011, for both therapy-naive and therapy-experienced geno...

    Authors: Manuela Rasi, Patrizia Künzler-Heule, Patrick Schmid, David Semela, Philip Bruggmann, Jan Fehr, Susi Saxer and Dunja Nicca
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:507
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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