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  1. Giardia lamblia (intestinalis) and Cryptosporidium parvum are the two most important intestinal parasites infecting North Americans but there is a paucity of active population-based surveillance data from Canada...

    Authors: Kevin B Laupland and Deirdre L Church
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Blood culture (BCX) use is often sub-optimal, and is a user-dependent diagnostic test. Little is known about physician training and BCX-related knowledge. We sought to assess variations in caregiver BCX-relate...

    Authors: Jorge P Parada, David N Schwartz, Gordon D Schiff and Kevin B Weiss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Campylobacteriosis is one of the most commonly identified causes of bacterial diarrheal disease and a common cause of gastroenteritis in travellers from developed nations. Despite the widespread occurrence, th...

    Authors: Anders Ternhag, Anna Törner, Åke Svensson, Johan Giesecke and Karl Ekdahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. By persisting in infected cells for a long period of time, proviral HIV-1 DNA can represent an alternative viral marker to RNA viral load during the follow-up of HIV-1 infected individuals. In the present stud...

    Authors: Maria Carla Re, Francesca Vitone, Laura Sighinolfi, Pasqua Schiavone, Florio Ghinelli and Davide Gibellini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has an established role in the etiology of human pharyngitis. There are increasing reports of systemic infections caused by this organism. From India, we report the first case of Arc...

    Authors: Subhash Chandra Parija, Venkatesh Kaliaperumal, Saka Vinod Kumar, Sistla Sujatha, Venkateshwara Babu and V Balu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:68
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. To compare the adverse events after initiation of nevirapine-based ART among HIV-infected patients who did not receive fluconazole (group A), received fluconazole 400 mg/week (group B), and received fluconazol...

    Authors: Weerawat Manosuthi, Nopphanath Chumpathat, Achara Chaovavanich and Somnuek Sungkanuparph
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Campylobacter infection is a major cause of bacterial gastrointestinal disease. Exposure to Campylobacter is known to produce an immune response in humans that can prevent future symptomatic infections. Further,...

    Authors: Gordon Miller, Geoff M Dunn, Thomas MS Reid, Iain D Ogden and Norval JC Strachan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Mononuclear phagocytes are considered to be main targets for Dengue Virus (DENV) replication. These cells are activated after infection, producing proinflammatory mediators, including tumour-necrosis factor-α,...

    Authors: Patrícia CF Neves-Souza, Elzinandes L Azeredo, Sonia MO Zagne, Rogério Valls-de-Souza, Sonia RNI Reis, Denise IS Cerqueira, Rita MR Nogueira and Claire F Kubelka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Bartonella species are bacterial blood parasites of animals capable of causing disease in both animals and man. Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) in humans is caused mainly by Bartonella henselae and is acquired from th...

    Authors: Joanne N Rampersad, John D Watkins, Michael S Samlal, Raymond Deonanan, Shalini Ramsubeik and David R Ammons
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. In multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infectiousness is frequently prolonged, jeopardizing efforts to control TB. The conventional tuberc...

    Authors: Maureen Morgan, Shriprakash Kalantri, Laura Flores and Madhukar Pai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Coxiella burnetii causes the common worldwide zoonotic infection, Q fever. It has been previously suggested that patients who had recovered from acute Q fever (whether symptomatic or otherwise) may be at incre...

    Authors: Conall McCaughey, Liam J Murray, James P McKenna, Peter V Coyle, Hugh J O'Neill, Dorothy E Wyatt, Jayne V Woodside, John WG Yarnell, Pierre Ducimetiere, Annie Bingham, Philippe Amouyel, Michele Montaye, Dominique Arveiler, Bernadette Haas, Jean Ferrieres and Jean-Bernard Ruidavets
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Kocuria, previously classified into the genus of Micrococcus, is commonly found on human skin. Two species, K. rosea and K. kristinae, are etiologically associated with catheter-related bacteremia.

    Authors: Edmond SK Ma, Chris LP Wong, Kristi TW Lai, Edmond CH Chan, WC Yam and Angus CW Chan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:60
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Sputum microscopy, the most important conventional test for tuberculosis, is specific in settings with high burden of tuberculosis and low prevalence of non tuberculous mycobacteria. However, the test lacks se...

    Authors: Shriprakash Kalantri, Madhukar Pai, Lisa Pascopella, Lee Riley and Arthur Reingold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The risk of hepatotoxicity associated with different highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens (containing multiple-protease inhibitors, single-protease inhibitors or non nucleoside reverse transcr...

    Authors: Carlo Torti, Giuseppe Lapadula, Salvatore Casari, Massimo Puoti, Mark Nelson, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Daniele Bella, Giuseppe Pastore, Nicoletta Ladisa, Lorenzo Minoli, Giovanni Sotgiu, Francesco Mazzotta, Sergio Lo Caputo, Giovanni Di Perri, Gaetano Filice, Carmine Tinelli…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory illness, affects people of all ages and can have serious clinical consequences. It has been reported that from 1997–2000, 20% of all pertussis cases required hospital...

    Authors: Judith A O'Brien and J Jaime Caro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. In Canada – a low endemicity country, vaccines for hepatitis A virus (HAV) are currently recommended to individuals at increased risk for infection or its complications. Applying these recommendations is diffi...

    Authors: Ba' Pham, Bernard Duval, Gaston De Serres, Vladimir Gilca, Andrea C Tricco, Jan Ochnio and David W Scheifele
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the single most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age and associated with a sizeable infectious disease burden among both non-pregnant and pregnant women, including ...

    Authors: Hans Verstraelen, Joris Delanghe, Kristien Roelens, Stijn Blot, Geert Claeys and Marleen Temmerman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Recently, a negative association between Toxoplasma-infection and novelty seeking was reported. The authors suggested that changes of personality trait were caused by manipulation activity of the parasite, aimed ...

    Authors: Martina Novotná, Jitka Hanusova, Jiří Klose, Marek Preiss, Jan Havlicek, Kateřina Roubalová and Jaroslav Flegr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Viral hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are major public health problems all over the world. Traditional detection methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays and enzy...

    Authors: Lianlian Duan, Yefu Wang, Shawn Shun-cheng Li, Zhixiang Wan and Jianxin Zhai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:53
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  21. In Thailand, rabies remains a neglected disease with authorities continuing to rely on human death statistics while ignoring the financial burden resulting from an enormous increase in post-exposure prophylaxi...

    Authors: Jessada Denduangboripant, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Boonlert Lumlertdacha, Nipada Ruankaew, Wirongrong Hoonsuwan, Apirom Puanghat and Thiravat Hemachudha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Thalidomide is an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) that has been proven effective for the treatment of experimental sepsis by Escherichia coli. It was tested whether it might behave as an effectiv...

    Authors: Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Nikolaos Bolanos, George Laoutaris, Vassilios Papadakis, Vassilios Koussoulas, Despina Perrea, Panayotis E Karayannacos and Helen Giamarellou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Malaria presents a diagnostic challenge in most tropical countries. Rapid detection of the malaria parasite and early treatment of infection still remain the most important goals of disease management. Therefo...

    Authors: Neeru Singh, AK Mishra, MM Shukla, SK Chand and Praveen Kumar Bharti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins are the drugs of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever. Treatment failure with fluoroquinolones has been reported in Asia and Europe. We report a case of...

    Authors: Njinkeng J Nkemngu, Etienne DN Asonganyi and Anna L Njunda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:49
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Effective neutralization in testing hand hygiene preparations is considered to be a crucial element to ensure validity of the test results, especially with the difficulty to neutralize chlorhexidine gluconate....

    Authors: Günter Kampf, Marc Shaffer and Corrine Hunte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is very prevalent in Brazil. HIV therapy has been recently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CHD that is frequen...

    Authors: Edilma MV Albuquerque, Eliana C de Faria, Helena CF Oliveira, Daniela O Magro and Lucia N Castilho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Mycoplasmas are present worldwide in a large number of animal hosts. Due to their small genome and parasitic lifestyle, Mycoplasma spp. require complex isolation media. Nevertheless, already over 100 different sp...

    Authors: Tim Stakenborg, Jo Vicca, Patrick Butaye, Dominiek Maes, Thierry De Baere, Rita Verhelst, Johan Peeters, Aart de Kruif, Freddy Haesebrouck and Mario Vaneechoutte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:46
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  28. The neuropeptide somatostatin is one of the major regulatory peptides in the central nervous system and the digestive tract. Our recent work has delineated an association between fibrosis and low levels of end...

    Authors: Shyama Chatterjee, Gunther Vrolix, Inge Depoortere, Theo Peeters and Eric Van Marck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can be prevented with appropriate vaccination programs. The prevalence rates of rubella and CRS in Iran are unknown; therefore, the risk of exposure in pregnant women is not c...

    Authors: Jila Sadighi, Hasan Eftekhar and Kazem Mohammad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Telithromycin (a new ketolide) has shown good in vitro activity against the key causative pathogens of CAP...

    Authors: Charles M Fogarty, Tushar C Patel, Lala M Dunbar and Bruno P Leroy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Diagnostic and therapeutic instrumentation of the lower gastrointestinal tract has been reported to result in bacteremia and endocarditis. No such case has been reported in persons with a history of rectal for...

    Authors: Braj B Pandey, Tuan C Dang and John F Healy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:42
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Mucosal antibodies have been suggested to have a role in defence against pneumococcal infections. We investigated here the ability of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncOMPC, to induce mucosal i...

    Authors: Anu Nurkka, Mika Lahdenkari, Arto AI Palmu and Helena Käyhty
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In Lithuania, the vaccination coverage against pertussis is high. Nevertheless, there is a significant increase in pertussis cases in fully immunized children. The aim of our study was to determine the frequen...

    Authors: Irena Narkeviciute, Ema Kavaliunaite, Genovaite Bernatoniene and Rimantas Eidukevicius
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The Leishmania promastigote-macrophage interaction occurs through the association of multiple receptors on the biological membrane surfaces. The success of the parasite infection is dramatically dependent on this...

    Authors: Ricardo Gonçalves, Etel R Vieira, Maria N Melo, Kenneth J Gollob, David M Mosser and Wagner L Tafuri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:39
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  35. In December 2001, a fatal case of pneumococcal meningitis in a Marine Corps recruit was identified. As pneumococcal vaccine usage in recruit populations is being considered, an investigation was initiated into...

    Authors: Carolyn I Baker, Christopher P Barrozo, Margaret AK Ryan, Lisa A Pearse and Kevin L Russell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:38
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Widespread use of fluoroquinolones has resulted in emergence of Salmonella typhi strains with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. These strains are identifiable by their nalidixic acid-resistance. We st...

    Authors: Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, Naveet Wig, Arti Kapil, SK Kabra, K Renuka and Anoop Misra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a global distribution and is known to have caused large waterborne epidemics of icteric hepatitis. Transmission is generally via the fecal-oral route. Some reports have suggeste...

    Authors: Mahnaz Taremi, Manouchehr Khoshbaten, Latif Gachkar, MohammadJavad EhsaniArdakani and MohammadReza Zali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Blood cultures are a gold standard specific test for diagnosing many infections. However, the low yield may limit their usefulness, particularly in low-risk populations. This study was conducted to assess the ...

    Authors: Kevin B Laupland, Deirdre L Church and Daniel B Gregson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Most cases of echinococcal disease (ED) acquired in Canada are thought to be due to the sylvatic form of Echinococcus granulosus, which may be more benign than ED due to either Echinococcus multilocularis or the ...

    Authors: Ali Somily, Joan L Robinson, Lilly J Miedzinski, Ravi Bhargava and Thomas J Marrie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Recent epidemiological data show an increased trend of official estimates for syphilis infection in the general population. Many of the infected cases remain undetected leaving an underestimation of the true p...

    Authors: Norbert Scherbaum, Bernhard T Baune, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Thomas Kuhlmann, Gerhard Reymann and Martin Reker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing Capnocytophaga isolates in young children hospitalized in the Pediatric Oncology Department of Hôpital Sud (Rennes, France) over a ...

    Authors: Anne Jolivet-Gougeon, Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, Laurent Desbordes, Virginie Gandemer, Jean-Louis Sixou, Nolwenn Morvan-Graveline, Michel Cormier and Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The hetero-glycopeptide intermediate staphylococci is considered to be the precursor of glycopeptide intermediate staphylococci especially vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). For this purpose, w...

    Authors: Yasar Nakipoglu, Sengul Derbentli, Atahan A Cagatay and Handan Katranci
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:65

  44. Tuberculosis (TB) is a common public health problem in many parts of the world. TB is generally believed to spare these four organs-heart, skeletal muscle, thyroid and pancreas. We describe a rare case of myoc...

    Authors: Ritesh Agarwal, Puneet Malhotra, Anshu Awasthi, Nandita Kakkar and Dheeraj Gupta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:29
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. Active Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication in advanced symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. CMV-induced intestinal perforations are hard to diagnose and may be observe...

    Authors: Bruno Mégarbane, Dabor Résière, Jacqueline Ferrand, Laurent Raskine, Kouroche Vahedi and Frédéric J Baud
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:28
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Interferon-alpha monotherapy is effective in less than one-third patients with chronic hepatitis C. The dose-effect, tolerability and durability of interferon-alpha treatment and its long-term effect on the pr...

    Authors: Ming-Lung Yu, Chia-Yen Dai, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Li-Po Lee, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Zu-Yau Lin, Ming-Yuh Hsieh, Liang-Yen Wang, Jung-Fa Tsai, Wen-Yu Chang and Wan-Long Chuang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. It has been postulated that genetic predisposition may influence the susceptibility to SARS-coronavirus infection and disease outcomes. A recent study has suggested that the deletion allele (D allele) of the angi...

    Authors: KC Allen Chan, Nelson LS Tang, David SC Hui, Grace TY Chung, Alan KL Wu, Stephen SC Chim, Rossa WK Chiu, Nelson Lee, KW Choi, YM Sung, Paul KS Chan, YK Tong, ST Lai, WC Yu, Owen Tsang and YM Dennis Lo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Inhalation anthrax is characterized by a systemic spread of the challenge agent, Bacillus anthracis. It causes severe damage, including multiple hemorrhagic lesions, to host tissues and organs. It is widely belie...

    Authors: Serguei G Popov, Taissia G Popova, Svetlana Hopkins, Raymond S Weinstein, Rebecca MacAfee, Karl J Fryxell, Vikas Chandhoke, Charles Bailey and Ken Alibek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The increasing problem of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has led to re-use of polymyxins in several countries. However, there are already clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacter...

    Authors: Matthew E Falagas, Ioannis A Bliziotis, Sofia K Kasiakou, George Samonis, Panayiota Athanassopoulou and Argyris Michalopoulos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Hydroxyurea (HU) is an immunomodulatory agent that has been documented to enhance the antiretroviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as abacavir (ABC) and didanosine (ddI), and wo...

    Authors: Susan Swindells, Calvin J Cohen, Daniel S Berger, Karen T Tashima, Qiming Liao, Bonnie F Pobiner, Jerry W Snidow, Gary E Pakes and Jaime E Hernandez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2005 5:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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