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  1. Emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and Public Health points of view. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shige...

    Authors: Caterina Mammina, Aurora Aleo, Cristina Romani and Antonino Nastasi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe infections in very young infants and invasive disease in pregnant women and adults with underlying medical conditions. GBS pathogenicity varies between and within serotyp...

    Authors: Shannon D Manning, Moran Ki, Carl F Marrs, Kiersten J Kugeler, Stephanie M Borchardt, Carol J Baker and Betsy Foxman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Lemierre's syndrome presents a classic clinical picture, the pathophysiology of which remains obscure. Attempts have been made to trace genetic predispositions that modify the host detection of pathogen or the...

    Authors: Jean-Michel Constantin, Jean-Paul Mira, Renaud Guerin, Sophie Cayot-Constantin, Olivier Lesens, Florence Gourdon, Jean-Pierre Romaszko, Philippe Linval, Henri Laurichesse and Jean-Etienne Bazin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:115
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Both uremia and hepatitis C infection is associated with increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to find out whether hepatitis C infection has any impact on oxidative stress in hemodialysis ...

    Authors: Mehmet Horoz, Cengiz Bolukbas, Filiz F Bolukbas, Mehmet Aslan, Ahmet O Koylu, Sahbettin Selek and Ozcan Erel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women represents a risk for congenital disease. There is scarce information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in pregnant women in Mexico. Therefor...

    Authors: Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez, Sergio Guadalupe Narro-Duarte, Sergio Estrada-Martínez, Juan Humberto Díaz-García, Oliver Liesenfeld, Sergio Arturo Martínez-García and Arturo Canales-Molina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Recent advances in characterizing the immune recovery of HIV-1-infected people have highlighted the importance of the thymus for peripheral T-cell diversity and function. The aim of this study was to investiga...

    Authors: Salvador Resino, Elena Seoane, Alicia Pérez, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos, Manuel Leal and Maria Á Muñoz-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. No data currently exist about use of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) among patients undergoing appendectomy in Thailand. We therefore examined risk factors, use, and efficacy of prophylac...

    Authors: Nongyao Kasatpibal, Mette Nørgaard, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Silom Jamulitrat and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The population of Nukufetau, a remote coral atoll island in Tuvalu in the Western Pacific, received annual mass drug administration (MDA) of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole under the Pacific Elimination of ...

    Authors: Rick Speare, Falatea Fab Latasi, Tekaai Nelesone, Sonia Harmen, Wayne Melrose, David Durrheim and Jorg Heukelbach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. In a substantial proportion of respiratory tract diseases of suspected infectious origin, the etiology is unknown. Some of these cases may be caused by the recently described human bocavirus (hBoV). The aim of...

    Authors: Benedikt Weissbrich, Florian Neske, Jörg Schubert, Franz Tollmann, Katharina Blath, Kerstin Blessing and Hans Wolfgang Kreth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Noroviruses are highly infectious pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in the community and in semi-closed institutions such as hospitals. During outbreaks, multiple units within a hospital are often affected,...

    Authors: Ben A Lopman, Chris Gallimore, Jim J Gray, Ian B Vipond, Nick Andrews, Joyshri Sarangi, Mark H Reacher and David W Brown
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) in children has special features and consequently, results obtained from clinical trials with antiretroviral drugs in adults may not be representative of children. Nelfinavir (NF...

    Authors: Salvador Resino, Beatriz Larrú, Jose Ma Bellón, Rosa Resino, Ma Isabel de José, Marisa Navarro, Juan Antonio Léon, José Tomás Ramos, Ma José Mellado and Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Host genetic factors may play a role in susceptibility and resistance to SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. The study was carried out to investigate the association between the genetic polymorph...

    Authors: Jing He, Dan Feng, Sake J de Vlas, Hongwei Wang, Arnaud Fontanet, Panhe Zhang, Sabine Plancoulaine, Fang Tang, Lin Zhan, Hong Yang, Tianbao Wang, Jan H Richardus, J Dik F Habbema and Wuchun Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype is biologically different from other genotypes. We aimed to clinically and immunologically compare human tuberculosis caused by Beijing and non-Beijing strains.

    Authors: Yong-Jiang Sun, TK Lim, Adrian Kheng Yeow Ong, Benjamin Choon Heng Ho, Geok Teng Seah and Nicholas I Paton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The speed and sensitivity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have made it a popular method for the detection of microbiological agents in both research and clinical specimens. For the detection and g...

    Authors: Mark W Pandori, John Lei, Ernest H Wong, Jeffrey Klausner and Sally Liska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:104
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  16. Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases worldwide. Despite its low incidence rates in countries of Western Europe and North America, the resurgence of TB in Easte...

    Authors: Vasilios German, Georgios Giannakos, Petros Kopterides and Matthew E Falagas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and identified ris...

    Authors: Wasim Jafri, Nadim Jafri, Javed Yakoob, Muhammad Islam, Syed Farhan Ali Tirmizi, Tazeen Jafar, Saeed Akhtar, Saeed Hamid, Hasnain Ali Shah and Sheikh Qamaruddin Nizami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative agent of melioidosis. Increasing resistance of the disease to antibiotics is a severe problem in treatment regime and has led to intensification of the search for new ...

    Authors: R Perumal Samy, A Pachiappan, P Gopalakrishnakone, Maung M Thwin, Yap E Hian, Vincent TK Chow, Ho Bow and Joseph T Weng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The aim of our study is to describe a fast molecular method, able to distinguish and quantize the two different genotypes (652 and JP2) of an important periodontal pathogen: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. ...

    Authors: Germano Orrù, Mario Francesco Marini, Maria Laura Ciusa, Daniela Isola, Marina Cotti, Marco Baldoni, Vincenzo Piras, Elisabetta Pisano and Caterina Montaldo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:98
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  21. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults in developing countries. Isoniazid (INH) is recommended for treatment of latent TB infection, however non-adherence is common...

    Authors: Tom A Szakacs, Douglas Wilson, D William Cameron, Michael Clark, Paul Kocheleff, F James Muller and Anne E McCarthy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people in the developing world with a further 400 million people at risk of infection. The aim of this study was to identify a single ant...

    Authors: Francisca Mutapi, Takafira Mduluza, Natalia Gomez-Escobar, William F Gregory, Cecilia Fernandez, Nicholas Midzi and Rick M Maizels
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. We have previously shown the high prevalence of oral anti-human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) antibodies in women with HPV-associated cervical neoplasia. It was postulated that the HPV antibodies were initia...

    Authors: Dianne J Marais, Candice Sampson, Anthea Jeftha, Dherendra Dhaya, Jo-Ann S Passmore, Lynette Denny, Edward P Rybicki, Eric Van Der Walt, Lawrence XG Stephen and Anna-Lise Williamson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Patients prescribed intravenous (IV) glycopeptides usually remain in hospital until completion of this treatment. Some of these patients could be discharged earlier if a switch to an oral antibiotic was made. ...

    Authors: Mohammed Desai, Bryony Dean Franklin, Alison H Holmes, Sarah Trust, Mike Richards, Ann Jacklin and Kathleen B Bamford
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Injecting drug use is a key risk factor, for several infections of public health importance, especially hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV). In England and Wales, where less than 1% of the population are l...

    Authors: AJ Sutton, NJ Gay, WJ Edmunds, VD Hope, ON Gill and M Hickman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Infectious diseases are often studied by characterising the population structure of the pathogen using genetic markers. An unresolved problem is the effective quantification of the extent of transmission using...

    Authors: Mark M Tanaka, Renault Phong and Andrew R Francis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. This study was conducted to examine, in vitro , the effect of soluble egg antigen (SEA) of S. haematobium on intracellular HCV RNA load in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as on cell proliferation in p...

    Authors: Mostafa K El-Awady, Samar S Youssef, Moataza H Omran, Ashraf A Tabll, Wael T El Garf and Ahmed M Salem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Microbicides must protect against STD pathogens without causing unacceptable toxic effects. Microbicides based on nonoxynol-9 (N9) and other detergents disrupt sperm, HSV and HIV membranes, and these agents ar...

    Authors: Richard A Cone, Timothy Hoen, XiXi Wong, Raed Abusuwwa, Deborah J Anderson and Thomas R Moench
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. As a greater number of HIV-infected patients survive despite profound immunodepression due to medical progress, we face complex infection with multiple agents in AIDS-patients.

    Authors: Clarisse Rovery, Jean Marc Rolain, Hubert Lepidi, Christine Zandotti, Jacques Moreau and Philippe Brouqui
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:89
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Ascariasis and HIV/AIDS are often co-endemic under conditions of poverty in South Africa; and discordant immune responses to the respective infections could theoretically be affecting the epidemic of HIV/AIDS ...

    Authors: Vera J Adams, Miles B Markus, Zilungile L Kwitshana, Muhammad A Dhansay, Lize van der Merwe, Gerhard Walzl and John E Fincham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are endemic in wild birds and their introduction and conversion to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry is a cause of serious economic losses as well as a ...

    Authors: Livia Di Trani, Barbara Bedini, Isabella Donatelli, Laura Campitelli, Barbara Chiappini, Maria Alessandra De Marco, Mauro Delogu, Canio Buonavoglia and Gabriele Vaccari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Helicobacter cinaedi is a rare pathogen in humans, occurring mostly in immuno-compromised patients, with a high potential for recurrence. We describe a case of a patient with lymphoma hospitalized for chemothera...

    Authors: Ilker Uçkay, Jorge Garbino, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Béatrice Ninet, Peter Rohner and Véronique Jacomo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:86
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Low serum selenium has been associated with lower CD4 counts and greater mortality among HIV-1-seropositive individuals, but most studies have not controlled for serum albumin and the presence of an acute phas...

    Authors: Paul K Drain, Jared M Baeten, Julie Overbaugh, Mark H Wener, Daniel D Bankson, Ludo Lavreys, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Jeckoniah O Ndinya-Achola and R Scott McClelland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Cytokines play important roles in antiviral action. We examined whether polymorphisms of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-10 affect the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

    Authors: Wai Po Chong, WK Eddie Ip, Gloria Hoi Wan Tso, Man Wai Ng, Wilfred Hing Sang Wong, Helen Ka Wai Law, Raymond WH Yung, Eudora Y Chow, KL Au, Eric YT Chan, Wilina Lim, JS Malik Peiris and Yu Lung Lau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Evidence for an increased prevalence of candidaemia and for high associated mortality in the 1990s led to a number of different recommendations concerning the management of at risk patients as well as an incre...

    Authors: Boualem Sendid, Angélique Cotteau, Nadine François, Annie D'Haveloose, Annie Standaert, Daniel Camus and Daniel Poulain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. previous studies have established that bacterial blood concentration is related with clinical outcome. Time to positivity of blood cultures (TTP) has relationship with bacterial blood concentration and could be ...

    Authors: Galo Peralta, María José Rodríguez-Lera, Jose Carlos Garrido, Luis Ansorena and María Pía Roiz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Despite bacteraemia is present in the majority of patients with pneumococcal, little is known about the influence of the systemic infection on the meningeal inflammatory response.

    Authors: Christian ∅stergaard, Terence O'Reilly, Christian Brandt, Niels Frimodt-Møller and Jens D Lundgren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in many provinces with high incidence in mainland China, although integrated intervention measures including rodent control, environment management and v...

    Authors: Liqun Fang, Lei Yan, Song Liang, Sake J de Vlas, Dan Feng, Xiaona Han, Wenjuan Zhao, Bing Xu, Ling Bian, Hong Yang, Peng Gong, Jan Hendrik Richardus and Wuchun Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM) is a devastating surgical complication affecting 1–3% of patients that undergo cardiac surgery. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogen...

    Authors: Gulden Ersoz, Barlas Naim Aytacoglu, Nehir Sucu, Lulufer Tamer, Ismet Bayindir, Necmi Kose, Ali Kaya and Murat Dikmengil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease, mostly due to L. braziliensis, which has clinical and histopathological features distinct from cutaneous leishmaniasis.

    Authors: Paulo TG Leopoldo, Paulo RL Machado, Roque P Almeida, Albert Schriefer, Angela Giudice, Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus, John L Ho, Luiz Henrique Guimarães, Olívia Bacellar and Edgar M Carvalho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Daptomycin is a novel cyclic lipopeptide whose bactericidal activity is not affected by current antibiotic resistance mechanisms displayed by S. aureus clinical isolates. This study reports the therapeutic activi...

    Authors: Heinz J Schaad, Manuela Bento, Daniel P Lew and Pierre Vaudaux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Fungal mural endocarditis is a rare entity in which the antemortem diagnosis is seldom made. Seven cases of mural endocarditis caused by Candida spp. have been collected from literature and six of these patients ...

    Authors: Víctor López-Ciudad, María J Castro-Orjales, Cristóbal León, César Sanz-Rodríguez, María J de la Torre-Fernández, Miguel A Pérez de Juan-Romero, María D Collell-Llach and María D Díaz-López
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:73
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. The optimal treatment regimen and duration of the therapy is still controversial in spinal brucellosis. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy, adverse drug reactions, complications and cost of cipro...

    Authors: Emine Alp, Rahmi Kemal Koc, Ahmet Candan Durak, Orhan Yildiz, Bilgehan Aygen, Bulent Sumerkan and Mehmet Doganay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria to lung cells is a first step in the progression from asymptomatic carriage to pneumonia. Adherence abilities vary widely among S. pneumoniae patient isolates. In th...

    Authors: Rachel L Robson, Natalie A Reed and Rebecca T Horvat
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The seasonality, clinical and radiographic features and outcome of aseptic meningitis have been described for regional outbreaks but data from a wider geographic area is necessary to delineate the epidemiology...

    Authors: Bonita E Lee, Rupesh Chawla, Joanne M Langley, Sarah E Forgie, Mohammed Al-Hosni, Krista Baerg, Entesar Husain, James Strong, Joan L Robinson, Upton Allen, Barbara J Law, Simon Dobson and H Dele Davies
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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