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  1. Prior antibiotic exposure has been associated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance in subsequent bacterial infections, whose outcomes are typically worse than similar infections with more antibiotic sus...

    Authors: Scott Micek, Michael T Johnson, Richard Reichley and Marin H Kollef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Most pediatric adenovirus respiratory infections are mild and indistinguishable from other viral causes. However, in a few children, the disease can be severe and result in substantial morbidity. We describe t...

    Authors: Saleh Alharbi, Paul Van Caeseele, Raquel Consunji-Araneta, Taoufik Zoubeidi, Sergio Fanella, Abdul-Kader Souid and Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In Ethiopia where there is no strong surveillance system and state of the art diagnostic facilities are limited, the real burden of tuberculosis (TB) is not well known. We conducted a community based survey to...

    Authors: Amare Deribew, Gemeda Abebe, Ludwig Apers, Alemseged Abdissa, Fetene Deribe, Kifle Woldemichael, Chali Jira, Markos Tesfaye, Jafar Shiffa, Abraham Aseffa, Mesele Bezabih, Tadiye Abeje and Robert Colebunders
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. There is no information regarding the resistance mechanisms of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in community setting in Cameroon. The current study aimed to determine the proporti...

    Authors: Carine Magoué Lonchel, Cécile Meex, Joseph Gangoué-Piéboji, Raphaël Boreux, Marie-Claire Okomo Assoumou, Pierrette Melin and Patrick De Mol
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Several studies have investigated the impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on pneumococcal (Sp) and staphylococcal (Sa) nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage. Few have investigated the impact on Haemop...

    Authors: Robert Cohen, Edouard Bingen, Corinne Levy, Franck Thollot, Michel Boucherat, Véronique Derkx and Emmanuelle Varon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Assessment of malaria endemicity at different altitudes and transmission intensities, in the era of dwindling vector densities in the highlands, will provide valuable information for malaria control and survei...

    Authors: Kingsley Badu, Yaw Asare Afrane, John Larbi, Virginia Ann Stewart, John Waitumbi, Evelina Angov, John M Ong'echa, Douglas J Perkins, Guofa Zhou, Andrew Githeko and Guiyun Yan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is important for the elimination of TB. We evaluated the microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay as a direct ...

    Authors: Dang Thi Minh Ha, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Marcel Wolbers, Vo sy Kiet, Hoang Thi Thanh Hang, Nguyen Hong Duc, To My Huong, Vuong Minh Bach, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao, Tran Van Quyet, Nguyen Thi Bich Tuyen, Vo Thi Ha, Nguyen Thi Nho, Dai Viet Hoa, Phan Thi Hoang Anh, Nguyen Huy Dung…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The development of safe topical microbicides that can preserve the integrity of cervicovaginal tract epithelial barrier is of great interest as this may minimize the potential for increased susceptibility to S...

    Authors: Gracie Vargas, Igor Patrikeev, Jingna Wei, Brent Bell, Kathleen Vincent, Nigel Bourne and Massoud Motamedi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall antigen, is a potentially attractive diagnostic. However, the LAM-ELISA assay has demonstrated variable sensitivity in diagnosing...

    Authors: Robin Wood, Kimberly Racow, Linda-Gail Bekker, Keren Middelkoop, Monica Vogt, Barry N Kreiswirth and Stephen D Lawn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Dengue is considered one of the most common mosquito borne illnesses in the world. Although its clinical course is usually uneventful, complications have rarely been known to arise. These include neurological ...

    Authors: Eranda C Ratnayake, Chrishan Shivanthan and Bandula C Wijesiriwardena
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:46
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. To measure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization prevalence in household contacts of children with current community associated (CA)-MRSA infections (study group) in comparison wit...

    Authors: Yaseen Rafee, Nahed Abdel-Haq, Basim Asmar, Tanaz Salimnia, Celine Vidaillac Pharm, Michael J Rybak Pharm and Muhammad Amjad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is associated with high morbidity and high mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patientsThe purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics and ou...

    Authors: Chen-Yiu Hung, Kuo-Chin Kao, Po-Nan Wang, Han-Chung Hu, Meng-Jer Hsieh, Jui-Ying Fu, Chih-Hao Chang, Li-Fu Li, Chung-Chi Huang, Ying-Huang Tsai and Cheng-Ta Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Forward planning and preventative measures before travelling can significantly reduce the risk of many vaccine preventable travel-related infectious diseases. Higher education students may be at an increased r...

    Authors: Anita E Heywood, Meng Zhang, C Raina MacIntyre and Holly Seale
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Recent evidence indicates that Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, the most common of which are Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, are frequent causes of hospital-acquired infection...

    Authors: Hakan Leblebicioglu, Nedim Cakir, Mustafa Celen, Halil Kurt, Hakan Baris and Joerg Laeuffer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring health problem worldwide and the emerging threat of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB is of particular concern. A better understanding of bio...

    Authors: Raija K Ahmed, Zoyia Rohava, Kithiganahalli N Balaji, Sven E Hoffner, Hans Gaines, Isabelle Magalhaes, Alimuddin Zumla, Alena Skrahina and Markus J Maeurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are major causes of bacterial acute otitis media (AOM). Data regarding AOM are limited in Latin America. This is the first active surveillan...

    Authors: Laura Naranjo, Jose Antonio Suarez, Rodrigo DeAntonio, Francis Sanchez, Alberto Calvo, Enza Spadola, Nicolás Rodríguez, Omaira Andrade, Francisca Bertuglia, Nelly Márquez, Maria Mercedes Castrejon, Eduardo Ortega-Barria and Romulo E Colindres
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Infection with HIV may result in significant neuropsychological impairment, especially in late stage disease. To date, there have been no cohort studies of the impact of highly active anti-retroviral treatment...

    Authors: John A Joska, Jennifer Westgarth-Taylor, Jacqueline Hoare, Kevin GF Thomas, Robert Paul, Landon Myer and Dan J Stein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis have been associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. There is a paucity of prospective evaluations of bone markers after the initiation of drugs currently rec...

    Authors: Emanuele Focà, Davide Motta, Marco Borderi, Daria Gotti, Laura Albini, Alessandra Calabresi, Ilaria Izzo, Rita Bellagamba, Pasquale Narciso, Laura Sighinolfi, Alberto Clò, Davide Gibellini, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Nigritella Brianese, Bruno Mario Cesana, Maria Carla Re…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The emergence of drug resistance is one of the most important threats to tuberculosis control programs. This study was aimed to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid (...

    Authors: Belay Tessema, Joerg Beer, Frank Emmrich, Ulrich Sack and Arne C Rodloff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The world has recently experienced the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century that lasted 14 months from June 2009 to August 2010. This study aimed to compare the timing, geographic spread and community ...

    Authors: Liana Martirosyan, W John Paget, Pernille Jorgensen, Caroline S Brown, Tamara J Meerhoff, Dmitriy Pereyaslov and Joshua A Mott
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The first meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccine was licensed in 1999 and introduced in the United Kingdom. Countries that have implemented the MenC vaccine since then in their national immunisatio...

    Authors: Patricia Kaaijk, Arie van der Ende, Guy Berbers, Germie PJM van den Dobbelsteen and Nynke Y Rots
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:35
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  23. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the developed world. Little is known about its epidemiology in the developing world, where the majority of deaths from neonatal infections...

    Authors: Claudia Turner, Paul Turner, Linda Po, Naw Maner, Aruni De Zoysa, Baharak Afshar, Androulla Efstratiou, Paul T Heath and François Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Vaginal pH is related to genital tract inflammation and changes in the bacterial flora, both suggested cofactors for persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To evaluate the relationship between va...

    Authors: Megan A Clarke, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Julia C Gage, Rolando Herrero, Allan Hildesheim, Sholom Wacholder, Robert Burk and Mark Schiffman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Establishing antibody correlates of protection against malaria in human field studies and clinical trials requires, amongst others, an accurate estimation of antibody levels. For polymorphic antigens such as a...

    Authors: Kwadwo A Kusi, Daniel Dodoo, Samuel Bosomprah, Marjolein van der Eijk, Bart W Faber, Clemens HM Kocken and Edmond J Remarque
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Inter-rater agreement in the interpretation of chest X-ray (CXR) films is crucial for clinical and epidemiological studies of tuberculosis. We compared the readings of CXR films used for a survey of tuberculos...

    Authors: Shinsaku Sakurada, Nguyen TL Hang, Naoki Ishizuka, Emiko Toyota, Le D Hung, Pham T Chuc, Luu T Lien, Pham H Thuong, Pham TN Bich, Naoto Keicho and Nobuyuki Kobayashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. In acute-care hospitals, no evidence of a protective effect of healthcare worker (HCW) vaccination on hospital-acquired influenza (HAI) in patients has been documented. Our study objective was to ascertain the...

    Authors: Thomas Bénet, Corinne Régis, Nicolas Voirin, Olivier Robert, Bruno Lina, Silene Cronenberger, Brigitte Comte, Brigitte Coppéré and Philippe Vanhems
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza posed an increased risk of severe illness among pregnant women. Data on risk factors associated with death of pregnant women and neonates with pH1N1 infections are limited ...

    Authors: Peng-jun Zhang, Xiao-li Li, Bin Cao, Shi-gui Yang, Li-rong Liang, Li Gu, Zhen Xu, Ke Hu, Hong-yuan Zhang, Xi-xin Yan, Wen-bao Huang, Wei Chen, Jing-xiao Zhang, Lan-juan Li and Chen Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection is one of the most common HIV-related opportunistic infections in Southeast Asia. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complication related to antir...

    Authors: Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Thira Sirisanthana and Virat Sirisanthana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:28
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. In Emergency and Medical Admission Departments (EDs and MADs), prompt recognition and appropriate infection control management of patients with Highly Infectious Diseases (HIDs, e.g. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers a...

    Authors: Francesco M Fusco, Stefan Schilling, Giuseppina De Iaco, Hans-Reinhard Brodt, Philippe Brouqui, Helena C Maltezou, Barbara Bannister, René Gottschalk, Gail Thomson, Vincenzo Puro and Giuseppe Ippolito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Previous controlled studies on the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) - namely the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene - in preventing household transmission of influenza have not produ...

    Authors: Thorsten Suess, Cornelius Remschmidt, Susanne B Schink, Brunhilde Schweiger, Andreas Nitsche, Kati Schroeder, Joerg Doellinger, Jeanette Milde, Walter Haas, Irina Koehler, Gérard Krause and Udo Buchholz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. A protocol for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women 25 to 65 years of age was introduced in 2006 in Catalonia, Spain to increase coverage and to recommend a 3-year-interval between screening c...

    Authors: Raquel Ibáñez, Judit Moreno-Crespi, Montserrat Sardà, Josefina Autonell, Montserrat Fibla, Cristina Gutiérrez, Belen Lloveras, María Alejo, Isabel Català, Francesc Alameda, Miquel Casas, F Xavier Bosch and Silvia de Sanjosé
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Europe was certified to be polio-free in 2002 by the WHO. However, wild polioviruses remain endemic in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria, occasionally causing polio outbreaks, as in Tajikistan in 2010....

    Authors: Claudia Reinheimer, Imke Friedrichs, Holger F Rabenau and Hans W Doerr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. More than three billion populations are living under the threat of Japanese encephalitis in South East Asian (SEA) countries including India. The pathogenesis of this disease is not clearly understood and is p...

    Authors: Sujit Kumar Pujhari, Radha Kanta Ratho, Sudesh Prabhakar, Baijayantimala Mishra and Manish Modi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), suboptimal treatment outcomes have been observed among HIV-seropositive illicit drug users. As there is an urgent need to improve responses to antiretr...

    Authors: Sassan Sangsari, M-J Milloy, Amir Ibrahim, Thomas Kerr, Ruth Zhang, Julio Montaner and Evan Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Very few data are available on treatment outcomes of adolescents living with HIV infection (whether perinatally acquired or sexually acquired) in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study therefore compared the tr...

    Authors: Mweete D Nglazi, Katharina Kranzer, Pearl Holele, Richard Kaplan, Daniella Mark, Heather Jaspan, Stephen D Lawn, Robin Wood and Linda-Gail Bekker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Leptospires are presumed to enter their host via small abrasions or breaches of the skin. The intraperitoneal route, although commonly used in guinea pig and hamster models of leptospirosis, does not reflect c...

    Authors: Yan Zhang, Xiao-Li Lou, Hong-Liang Yang, Xiao-Kui Guo, Xiang-Yan Zhang, Ping He and Xu-Cheng Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Leptospirosis has recently been discussed as an emerging infectious disease in many contexts, including changes in environmental drivers of disease transmission and the emergence of serovars. In this paper, we...

    Authors: Colleen L Lau, Chris Skelly, Lee D Smythe, Scott B Craig and Philip Weinstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Kidney disease is an important complication in HIV infected people, and this may be related to infection or antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our aim is to assess renal function in HIV infected paediatric patients...

    Authors: Giuseppe Pontrelli, Nicola Cotugno, Donato Amodio, Paola Zangari, Hyppolite K Tchidjou, Stefania Baldassari, Paolo Palma and Stefania Bernardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is considered a rare cause of granulomatous hepatitis. Due to the fastidious growth characteristics of the bacteria, the limited sensitivity of histopathological stains, and the...

    Authors: Thomas R VanderHeyden, Sherri L Yong, Edward B Breitschwerdt, Ricardo G Maggi, Amanda R Mihalik, Jorge P Parada and Claus J Fimmel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:17
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. The first-ever round of school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel together with mebendazole targeting school-aged children in endemic districts was conducted in 2009 by the National Neglect...

    Authors: Mary H Hodges, Nsa Dada, Anna Warmsley, Jusufu Paye, Momodu M Bangura, Emanuel Nyorkor, Mustapha Sonnie and Yaobi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered the most important cause of death from infectious disease in developed countries. Severity assessment scores partially address the difficulties in identifying h...

    Authors: Rodrigo M Narvaez-Rivera, Adrian Rendon, Mario C Salinas-Carmona and Adrian G Rosas-Taraco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. HIV-associated general immune activation is a strong predictor for HIV disease progression, suggesting that chronic immune activation may drive HIV pathogenesis. Consequently, immunomodulating agents may decel...

    Authors: Christa Kasang, Albrecht Ulmer, Norbert Donhauser, Barbara Schmidt, August Stich, Hartwig Klinker, Samuel Kalluvya, Eleni Koutsilieri, Axel Rethwilm and Carsten Scheller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Severe Clostridium difficile toxin-induced enteritis is characterized by exuberant intestinal tissue inflammation, epithelial disruption and diarrhea. Adenosine, through its action on the adenosine A2A receptor, ...

    Authors: Cirle Alcantara Warren, Gina M Calabrese, Yuesheng Li, Sean W Pawlowski, Robert A Figler, Jayson Rieger, Peter B Ernst, Joel Linden and Richard L Guerrant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Influenza infections may result in different clinical presentations. This study aims to determine the clinical differences between circulating influenza strains in a young healthy adult population in the tropics.

    Authors: Jonathan Yap, Chi Hsien Tan, Alex R Cook, Jin Phang Loh, Paul A Tambyah, Boon Huan Tan and Vernon J Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a known group at risk for hepatitis A and outbreaks among this group are frequent. In Barcelona, vaccination for MSM has been recommended since 1994. In 1998 a vaccination c...

    Authors: Cecilia Tortajada, Patricia G de Olalla, Elia Diez, Rosa M Pinto, Albert Bosch, Unai Perez, Milagros Sanz and Joan A Caylà
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Confirming tuberculosis (TB) disease in suspects in resource limited settings is challenging and calls for the development of more suitable diagnostic tools. Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection ...

    Authors: Novel N Chegou, Gillian F Black, Andre G Loxton, Kim Stanley, Paulin N Essone, Michel R Klein, Shreemanta K Parida, Stefan HE Kaufmann, T Mark Doherty, Annemieke H Friggen, Kees L Franken, Tom H Ottenhoff and Gerhard Walzl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Only 5% of the estimated global multidrug resistant TB (MDRTB) load is currently detected. Endemic Mumbai with increasing MDR would benefit from the introduction of molecular methods to detect resistance.

    Authors: Monica Prem Tolani, Desiree Therese Blossom D'souza and Nerges Furdoon Mistry
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Buruli ulcer (BU), a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, has been reported in over 30 countries worldwide and is highly endemic in rural West and Central Africa. The mode of transmis...

    Authors: Dziedzom K de Souza, Charles Quaye, Lydia Mosi, Phyllis Addo and Daniel A Boakye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Refugees are at risk for poor outcomes from acute respiratory infections (ARI) because of overcrowding, suboptimal living conditions, and malnutrition. We implemented surveillance for respiratory viruses in Da...

    Authors: Jamal A Ahmed, Mark A Katz, Eric Auko, M Kariuki Njenga, Michelle Weinberg, Bryan K Kapella, Heather Burke, Raymond Nyoka, Anthony Gichangi, Lilian W Waiboci, Abdirahman Mahamud, Mohamed Qassim, Babu Swai, Burton Wagacha, David Mutonga, Margaret Nguhi…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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BMC Infectious Diseases

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