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  1. Geohelminth infection is a major health problem of children from rural areas of developing countries. In an attempt to reduce this burden, the Department of Health of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) establ...

    Authors: Elmar Saathoff, Annette Olsen, Jane D Kvalsvig and Chris C Appleton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The strikingly young age of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) cases remains unexplained. Age dependent susceptibility to infection has been put forward, but differential dietary exposure to contamin...

    Authors: Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Jean-Yves Cesbron and Alain-Jacques Valleron
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. data on HIV epidemiology and preventive measures in Islamic countries is limited. This study describes the results of 18-year of HIV surveillance in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the preventive measures implemented fr...

    Authors: Tariq A Madani, Yagob Y Al-Mazrou, Mohammad H Al-Jeffri and Naser S Al Huzaim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Fusobacterium necrophorum may cause a number of clinical syndromes, collectively known as necrobacillosis. Meningitis is a significant cause of mortality, rarely reported in the adult population.

    Authors: SreeNeelima Garimella, Aparna Inaparthy and Thomas Herchline
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:24
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Invasive infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Case series and experimental data have shown that the capsular serotype is involved in the pathogenesis a...

    Authors: Pernille Martens, Signe Westring Worm, Bettina Lundgren, Helle Bossen Konradsen and Thomas Benfield
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The question "Where have you been?" is a common one asked by doctors in Northern Europe and America when faced with clinical symptoms not typical of their country. This question must also arise in the clinics ...

    Authors: Joaquina Martín-Sánchez, José M Navarro-Mari, Juan Pasquau-Liaño, Oscar D Salomón and Francisco Morillas-Márquez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:20
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. Clinical spectrum, microbiology and outcome of empyema thoracis are changing. Intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytic agents is being increasingly used for management of empyema thoracis. The present study w...

    Authors: Amit Banga, GC Khilnani, SK Sharma, AB Dey, Naveet Wig and Namrata Banga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The combination therapies recommended by the World Health Organization for treatment of brucellosis are doxycycline plus rifampicin or doxycycline plus streptomycin. Although highly successful results have bee...

    Authors: Oguz Karabay, Irfan Sencan, Derya Kayas and Idris Şahin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Surveillance data allow for analysis, providing public health officials and policy-makers with a basis for long-term priorities and timely information on possible outbreaks for rapid response (data for action)...

    Authors: Per Rolfhamre, Katarzyna Grabowska and Karl Ekdahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:17
    Content type: Database Published on:

  13. Noroviruses (NoV) have become one of the most commonly reported causative agents of large outbreaks of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide as well as sporadic gastroenteritis in the community. Curren...

    Authors: Michael Schmid, Rainer Oehme, Gunnar Schalasta, Stefan Brockmann, Peter Kimmig and Gisela Enders
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:15
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  15. Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum are common infections of school aged children in Kenya. They both cause enlargement of the spleen, but their relative contribution to the condition of splenomegaly r...

    Authors: Mark Booth, Birgitte J Vennervald, LeeCarol Kenty, Anthony E Butterworth, Henry C Kariuki, Hilda Kadzo, Edmund Ireri, Clifford Amaganga, Gachuhi Kimani, Joseph K Mwatha, Amos Otedo, John H Ouma, Eric Muchiri and David W Dunne
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Despite its direct connection to the nasopharynx which harbors otitis media pathogens as part of its normal flora, the middle ear cavity is kept free of these bacteria by as yet unknown mechanisms. Respiratory...

    Authors: Haa-Yung Lee, Ali Andalibi, Paul Webster, Sung-Kyun Moon, Karen Teufert, Sung-Ho Kang, Jian-Dong Li, Mitsuyoshi Nagura, Tomas Ganz and David J Lim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Human enterovirus 71 has emerged as an important pathogen in the Asia Pacific region and it is important to be able to make a rapid and specific diagnosis for outbreak control. Recent Asian strains of Coxsacki...

    Authors: David Perera, Yuwana Podin, Winnie Akin, Cheng-Siang Tan and Mary Jane Cardosa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Genital herpes is one of the most prevalent sexually-transmitted diseases, and accounts for a substantial morbidity. Genital herpes puts newborns at risk for very severe disease and also increases the risk of ...

    Authors: Dominique Bünzli, Vincent Wietlisbach, Fabrizio Barazzoni, Roland Sahli and Pascal RA Meylan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Rabies is one of the most hazardous zoonoses in the world. Oral mass vaccination has developed into the most effective management method to control fox rabies. The future need to control the disease in large c...

    Authors: Hans-Hermann Thulke, Thomas Selhorst, Thomas Müller, Tomasz Wyszomirski, Uli Müller and Urs Breitenmoser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting both human and animals. The neuroanatomical changes which occur in the central nervous system (CNS) of T...

    Authors: Janice B Barr, Robert A Somerville, Yuen-Li Chung and Janet R Fraser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:8
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  21. A small fraction of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-I) infected subjects develop a severe form of myelopathy. It has been established that patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic p...

    Authors: Silvane Braga Santos, Aurélia Fonseca Porto, André Luiz Muniz, Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus, Elza Magalhães, Ailton Melo, Walderez O Dutra, Kenneth J Gollob and Edgar M Carvalho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Conventional tests for tuberculous pleuritis have several limitations. A variety of new, rapid tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests – including polymerase chain reaction – have been evaluated in rece...

    Authors: Madhukar Pai, Laura L Flores, Alan Hubbard, Lee W Riley and John M Colford Jr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial syndrome characterized by a change in vaginal flora away from predominantly Lactobacillus species. The cause of BV is unknown, but the condition has been implicated in ...

    Authors: Michael J Ferris, Alicia Masztal, Kenneth E Aldridge, J Dennis Fortenberry, Paul L Fidel Jr and David H Martin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies are found in a considerable number of anti-HCV positive patients. Previous studies investigated the clinical relevance of these antibodies in patients treated with interferon ...

    Authors: Hermann E Wasmuth, Christian Stolte, Andreas Geier, Christoph G Dietrich, Carsten Gartung, Johann Lorenzen, Siegfried Matern and Frank Lammert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. A new respiratory infectious epidemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), broke out and spread throughout the world. By now the putative pathogen of SARS has been identified as a new coronavirus, a single ...

    Authors: Hongchao Lu, Yi Zhao, Jingfen Zhang, Yuelan Wang, Wei Li, Xiaopeng Zhu, Shiwei Sun, Jingyi Xu, Lunjiang Ling, Lun Cai, Dongbo Bu and Runsheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Common variable immunodificiency syndrome predominantly affects adults. It is characterized by low production of all the major classes of immunoglobulins. We report a case of common variable immunodeficiency s...

    Authors: Arzu Didem Yalcin, Nese Aydemir, Huseyin Turgut, Riza Hakan Erbay and Ata Nevzat Yalcin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:2
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. The potential use of microorganisms as agents of biological warfare (BW) is a growing concern. Lassa virus, a member of the Arenavirus class of Hemorrhagic fever (HF) viruses has emerged as a worldwide concern...

    Authors: Fatih M Uckun, Alexander S Petkevich, Alexei O Vassilev, Heather E Tibbles and Leonid Titov
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2004 4:14

  29. HIV infected adults have increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia but the underlying immune defect is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that HIV infection might be associated with increased ba...

    Authors: Stephen B Gordon, Janelisa Musaya, Lorna Wilson, Amos Phiri, Eduard E Zijlstra and Malcolm E Molyneux
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The Republic of Ireland has the second highest incidence of BSE worldwide. Only a single case of vCJD has been identified to date.

    Authors: Michael S Harney, Azra C Ghani, CA Donnelly, Rory McConn Walsh, Michael Walsh, Rachel Howley, Francesca Brett and Michael Farrell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical industry for enteric film coating of oral tablets and capsules. Micronized CAP, available commercially as "Aquateric" a...

    Authors: A Robert Neurath, Nathan Strick and Yun-Yao Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Molecular identification of Mycobacterium species has two primary advantages when compared to phenotypic identification: rapid turn-around time and improved accuracy. The information content of the 5' end of the ...

    Authors: Dag Harmsen, Stefan Dostal, Andreas Roth, Stefan Niemann, Jörg Rothgänger, Michael Sammeth, Jürgen Albert, Matthias Frosch and Elvira Richter
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Incarceration has been associated with HIV infection among injection drug users. However, data on HIV risk factors of the inmates during incarceration are rarely reported from Thailand.

    Authors: Hansa Thaisri, John Lerwitworapong, Suthon Vongsheree, Pathom Sawanpanyalert, Chanchai Chadbanchachai, Archawin Rojanawiwat, Wichuda Kongpromsook, Wiroj Paungtubtim, Pongnuwat Sri-ngam and Rachaneekorn Jaisue
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, D-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facilit...

    Authors: Priscila Gava Mazzola, Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna and Alzira M da S Martins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. As a proportion of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) are associated with equivocal cervical smears, which show borderline or mild dyskaryosis, follow up with repeat smears, colposcopy and ...

    Authors: Andrea Guyot, Shakir Karim, May S Kyi and John Fox
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is the necessary causal agent in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Infection with HIV-1, male g...

    Authors: Janet M Wojcicki, Rob Newton, Margaret I Urban, Lara Stein, Martin Hale, Moosa Patel, Paul Ruff, Ranjan Sur, Dimitra Bourboulia and Freddy Sitas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Castleman's disease (CD), a rare condition of uncertain etiology, involves a massive proliferation of lymphoid tissues and typically presents as mediastinal masses. We describe a patient with CD who presented ...

    Authors: Ifeoma S Izuchukwu, Kamal Tourbaf and Martin C Mahoney
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:20
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. An epidemic of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by a new coronavirus has spread from the Guangdong province to the rest of China and to the world, with a puzzling contagion behavior. It is imp...

    Authors: Tuen Wai Ng, Gabriel Turinici and Antoine Danchin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. To describe the demographic and geographic distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Manitoba, thus determining risk factors associated with clustering and higher incidence rates in distinct subpopulations.

    Authors: Kym S Blackwood, Assaad Al-Azem, Lawrence J Elliott, Earl S Hershfield and Amin M Kabani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. An 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could provide significantly larger reduction in pneumococcal disease burden than the currently available 7-valent vaccine formulation in many countries.

    Authors: Maria Z Rosario Capeding, Taneli Puumalainen, Connie P Gepanayao, Helena Käyhty, Marilla G Lucero and Hanna Nohynek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Although European Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates have been divided into five genospecies, specific tools for the serotype characterization of only three genospecies are available. Monoclonals antibodies...

    Authors: Karine Ryffel, Olivier Péter, Eric Dayer, Anne-Gabrielle Bretz and Edmond Godfroid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. We used human papillomaviruses (HPV) as a model system to evaluate the utility of a nucleic acid, hybridization-based bioelectronic DNA detection platform (eSensor™) in identifying multiple pathogens.

    Authors: Suzanne D Vernon, Daniel H Farkas, Elizabeth R Unger, Vivian Chan, Donna L Miller, Yin-Peng Chen, Gary F Blackburn and William C Reeves
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Low-dose ritonavir (RTV) boosts plasma amprenavir (APV) exposure. Little has been published on the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of APV 600 mg/RTV 100 mg (APV600/RTV) twice daily (BID) compared to APV 120...

    Authors: Jeffrey P Nadler, Joseph C Gathe, Richard B Pollard, Gary J Richmond, Qiming Liao, Sandy Griffith, C Tracey Lancaster, Jaime E Hernandez and Keith A Pappa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Prevention of poxvirus infection is a topic of great current interest. We report inhibition of vaccinia virus in cell culture by porphyrins and phthalocyanines. Most previous work on the inhibition of viruses ...

    Authors: Avril RM Chen-Collins, Dabney W Dixon, Andrei N Vzorov, Luigi G Marzilli and Richard W Compans
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Toxoplasma gondii infection is embryotoxic in humans. It is mainly transmitted through raw/undercooked meat and ingestion of oocysts in cat feces. There remains controversy about the actual risk of cats transmit...

    Authors: Samar Shuhaiber, Gideon Koren, Rada Boskovic, Thomas R Einarson, Offie Porat Soldin and Adrienne Einarson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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