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  1. High blood levels of soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) are associated with poor outcomes in human immunodeficiency-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals. Research on the clinical value of suPAR...

    Authors: Uffe V Schneider, Rikke L Nielsen, Court Pedersen and Jesper Eugen-Olsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. No country is fully prepared for a 1918-like pandemic influenza. Averting a pandemic of H5N1 influenza virus depends on the successful control of its endemicity, outbreaks in poultry and occasional spillage in...

    Authors: Y Guan, H Chen, KS Li, S Riley, GM Leung, R Webster, JSM Peiris and KY Yuen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:132
    Content type: Hypothesis Published on:

  4. Infections can aggravate the course of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the anti-oxidant enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, SOD1) are associat...

    Authors: Miriam Goos, Wolf-Dieter Zech, Manoj Kumar Jaiswal, Saju Balakrishnan, Sandra Ebert, Timothy Mitchell, Maria Teresa Carrì, Bernhard U Keller and Roland Nau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The Cuban HIV/AIDS epidemic has the lowest prevalence rate of the Caribbean region. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cuba and to explore the reasons for this low p...

    Authors: Héctor de Arazoza, Jose Joanes, Rachid Lounes, Camille Legeai, Stéphan Clémençon, Jorge Pérez and Bertran Auvert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Genital ureaplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum) and mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma hominis) are potentially pathogenic species playing an etiologic role in both genital infec...

    Authors: Radhouane Gdoura, Wiem Kchaou, Chiraz Chaari, Abir Znazen, Leila Keskes, Tarek Rebai and Adnane Hammami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the etiology of which is still uncertain, increases the risk of preterm birth. Recent PCR-based studies suggested that BV is associated with complex vaginal bacterial communities, inc...

    Authors: Renuka Tamrakar, Takashi Yamada, Itsuko Furuta, Kazutoshi Cho, Mamoru Morikawa, Hideto Yamada, Noriaki Sakuragi and Hisanori Minakami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Patients with advanced HIV infection at the time of diagnosis and patients not responding to antiretroviral therapy are at risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Earlier studies of patients with HIV infection ...

    Authors: Arne B Brantsaeter, Mona Holberg-Petersen, Stig Jeansson, Anne K Goplen and Johan N Bruun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Travellers' diarrhoea is the most common health problem among international travellers and much of the burden falls on general practitioners. We assessed whether sentinel surveillance based in primary care cou...

    Authors: Gemma Northey, Meirion R Evans, Tinnu S Sarvotham, Daniel R Thomas and Tony J Howard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease infecting a broad range of mammalian hosts, and is re-emerging globally. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have experienced recurrent outbreaks of leptospirosis sin...

    Authors: James O Lloyd-Smith, Denise J Greig, Sharon Hietala, George S Ghneim, Lauren Palmer, Judy St Leger, Bryan T Grenfell and Frances MD Gulland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Human parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum in children. It is also associated with other clinical manifestations in different target groups. Patients with chronic hemolytic anemia are ...

    Authors: Faouzi Regaya, Lassad Oussaief, Mohamed Bejaoui, Mongi Karoui, Mohamed Zili and Ridha Khelifa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. IFN-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) have been licensed for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Their performance may depend on assay format and may vary across populations and settings. ...

    Authors: Ifedayo MO Adetifa, Moses D Lugos, Abdulrahman Hammond, David Jeffries, Simon Donkor, Richard A Adegbola and Philip C Hill
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Cost-sharing schemes incorporating modest targeted subsidies have promoted insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for malaria prevention in the Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania, since 1996. Here we evaluate result...

    Authors: GF Killeen, A Tami, J Kihonda, FO Okumu, ME Kotas, H Grundmann, N Kasigudi, H Ngonyani, V Mayagaya, R Nathan, S Abdulla, JD Charlwood, TA Smith and C Lengeler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Seroconversion rates reported after Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination globally ranges from 85–90%. Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of acquiring HBV and non responders' rates after HBV vaccination...

    Authors: Mohammad Zeeshan, Kauser Jabeen, Anita Nausheen Akbar Ali, Ailia Wilayat Ali, Saadia Z Farooqui, Vikram Mehraj and Afia Zafar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for use in HIV-infected adults in Brazil but there is uncertainty about its effectiveness in this patient population.

    Authors: Maria Amelia SM Veras, Wayne TA Enanoria, Euclides A Castilho and Arthur L Reingold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Maternal antibody is the major form of protection against disease in early life; however, its presence interferes with active immunization of offspring. In order to overcome the immunosuppression caused by mat...

    Authors: Jianjun Chen, Fenghua Zhang, Fang Fang, Haiyan Chang and Ze Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Despite the increasing promotion of alcohol-based hand rubs and the worldwide use of ethanol-based hand rubs in hospitals only few studies have specifically addressed the issue of ethanol absorption when repea...

    Authors: Axel Kramer, Harald Below, Nora Bieber, Guenter Kampf, Cyril D Toma, Nils-Olaf Huebner and Ojan Assadian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Calorimetry is a nonspecific technique which allows direct measurement of heat generated by biological processes in the living cell. We evaluated the potential of calorimetry for rapid detection of bacterial g...

    Authors: Andrej Trampuz, Andrea Steinhuber, Matthias Wittwer and Stephen L Leib
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Eight genotypes of Hepatitis B virus designated A-H, have been known but in Pakistan, no such data is available on the prevalent HBV genotypes. Therefore, the subject study was conducted to determine HBV genot...

    Authors: Muhammad Masroor Alam, Sohail Zahoor Zaidi, Salman Akbar Malik, Shahzad Shaukat, Asif Naeem, Salmaan Sharif, Mehar Angez and Javed Aslam Butt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Young women receiving family planning services are at risk for both unintended pregnancy and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection.

    Authors: Nicholas J Moss, Cynthia C Harper, Katherine Ahrens, Katherine Scott, Susan Kao, Nancy Padian, Tina Raine and Jeffrey D Klausner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Sternal wound infection (SWI) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of cardiac surgery. Predisposing factors for SWI are multiple with varied frequencies in different studies. The purpos...

    Authors: Abbas Salehi Omran, Abbasali Karimi, S Hossein Ahmadi, Setareh Davoodi, Mehrab Marzban, Namvar Movahedi, Kyomars Abbasi, Mohammad Ali Boroumand, Saeed Davoodi and Naghmeh Moshtaghi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly common cause of nosocomial infections, causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, and accounting in some hospitals for more than 50% of...

    Authors: Lorenzo Drago, Elena De Vecchi, Lucia Nicola and Maria Rita Gismondo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The tick-borne intracellular pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis after infection of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The human Sp110 gene is a ...

    Authors: José de la Fuente, Raúl Manzano-Roman, Edmour F Blouin, Victoria Naranjo and Katherine M Kocan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Studies show that tuberculosis notification declines with increasing altitude. This can be due to declining incidence or declining case detection. In Vietnam notification rates of new smear-positive tuberculos...

    Authors: M Vree, NB Hoa, DN Sy, NV Co, FGJ Cobelens and MW Borgdorff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Several studies have investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes associated with sepsis and septic shock with conflicting results. Only few studies have combined the analysis of mult...

    Authors: Kristine Marie Jessen, Sarah Bjerre Lindboe, Anncatrine Luisa Petersen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen and Thomas Benfield
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. During and shortly after birth, newborn infants are colonized with enterococci. This study analyzes predictors for early enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and describes ris...

    Authors: Markus Hufnagel, Cathrin Liese, Claudia Loescher, Mirjam Kunze, Heinrich Proempeler, Reinhard Berner and Marcus Krueger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Nosocomial bacteremia is associated with a poor prognosis. Early adequate therapy has been shown to improve outcome. Consequently, rapid detection of a beginning sepsis is therefore of the utmost importance. T...

    Authors: Dominique M Vandijck, Eric A Hoste, Stijn I Blot, Pieter O Depuydt, Renaat A Peleman and Johan M Decruyenaere
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Intestinal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus among hospitalized patients has been associated with increased risk of staphylococcal infection and could potentially contribute to transmission. We hypothesized t...

    Authors: Anita Bhalla, David C Aron and Curtis J Donskey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Acute diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the dry season 2005/6 in Tamale,...

    Authors: Klaus Reither, Ralf Ignatius, Thomas Weitzel, Andrew Seidu-Korkor, Louis Anyidoho, Eiman Saad, Andrea Djie-Maletz, Peter Ziniel, Felicia Amoo-Sakyi, Francis Danikuu, Stephen Danour, Rowland N Otchwemah, Eckart Schreier, Ulrich Bienzle, Klaus Stark and Frank P Mockenhaupt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Candidemia is a major infectious complication of seriously immunocompromised patients. In the absence of specific signs and symptoms, there is a need to evolve an appropriate diagnostic approach. A number of m...

    Authors: Fasahat F Alam, Abu S Mustafa and Zia U Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Onychomycosis has a high prevalance among immunocompromised patients such as diabetics and hemodialysis patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis among hemodialysi...

    Authors: Güven Kuvandik, Meryem Çetin, Gultekin Genctoy, Mehmet Horoz, Mehmet Duru, Cenk Akcali, Salim Satar, Ahmet A Kiykim and Hasan Kaya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Bacterial meningitis remains a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in childhood. During the last decades gradual changes have been observed in the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, related to the...

    Authors: Maria N Theodoridou, Vasiliki A Vasilopoulou, Erato E Atsali, Anastasia M Pangalis, Glyceria J Mostrou, Vassiliki P Syriopoulou and Christos S Hadjichristodoulou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The coinfections HIV/HCV/HBV are an important health issue in penitentiary communities. The aim of the study was to examine HIV, HBV and HCV coinfections determinants amongst prisoners in the jails of Southern...

    Authors: Giuseppe La Torre, Luca Miele, Giacomina Chiaradia, Alice Mannocci, Manuela Reali, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Elisabetta De Vito, Antonio Grieco and Walter Ricciardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISPOT assays incorporating Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens are useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) or latent infection. However, their utility in patients with adv...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Nonzwakazi Bangani, Monica Vogt, Linda-Gail Bekker, Motasim Badri, Marjorie Ntobongwana, Hazel M Dockrell, Robert J Wilkinson and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Emerging molecular, animal model and epidemiologic evidence suggests that Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) isolates vary in their capacity to cause human infection and disease. The translocate...

    Authors: James L Bono, James E Keen, Michael L Clawson, Lisa M Durso, Michael P Heaton and William W Laegreid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Candida krusei infections are associated with high mortality. In order to explore ways to prevent these infections, we investigated potential routes for nosocomial spread and possible clonality of C. krusei in a...

    Authors: Timo Hautala, Irma Ikäheimo, Heidi Husu, Marjaana Säily, Timo Siitonen, Pirjo Koistinen, Jaana Vuopio-Varkila, Markku Koskela and Pekka Kujala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. NOD2, an intracellular pathogen recognition sensor, modulates innate defences to muropeptides derived from various bacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Experimentally, NOD2 attenuates tw...

    Authors: Sanjay Lala, Keertan Dheda, Jung-Su Chang, Jim F Huggett, Louise U Kim, Margaret A Johnson, Graham AW Rook, Satish Keshav and Alimuddin Zumla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Military members, injured in Afghanistan or Iraq, have returned home with multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The source of these infections is unknown.

    Authors: Homer C Tien, Anthony Battad, Elizabeth A Bryce, Jeffrey Fuller, Michael Mulvey, Kathy Bernard, Ronald Brisebois, Jay J Doucet, Sandro B Rizoli, Robert Fowler and Andrew Simor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. In Finland, the annual number of MRSA notifications to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) has constantly increased since 1995, and molecular typing has revealed numerous outbreak isolates of MRSA....

    Authors: Anne-Marie Kerttula, Outi Lyytikäinen, Minna Kardén-Lilja, Salha Ibrahem, Saara Salmenlinna, Anni Virolainen and Jaana Vuopio-Varkila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. From June to November 2005, 18 cases of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) were reported in Rapid City South Dakota. We conducted epidemiologic and environmental investigations to identify the sourc...

    Authors: Rosalyn E O'Loughlin, Lon Kightlinger, Matthew C Werpy, Ellen Brown, Valerie Stevens, Clark Hepper, Tim Keane, Robert F Benson, Barry S Fields and Matthew R Moore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Relatively few studies have been done in Tanzania to detect and classify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains among children with diarrhea. This study aimed at investigating DEC among children in Dar es S...

    Authors: Sabrina J Moyo, Samwel Y Maselle, Mecky I Matee, Nina Langeland and Haima Mylvaganam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The World Health Organization recommends periodic mass antibiotic distributions to reduce the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma, the world's leading cause of infectious blindness. Their stated go...

    Authors: Kathryn J Ray, Travis C Porco, Kevin C Hong, David C Lee, Wondu Alemayehu, Muluken Melese, Takele Lakew, Elizabeth Yi, Jenafir House, Jaya D Chidambaram, John P Whitcher, Bruce D Gaynor and Thomas M Lietman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Resistance and susceptibility to scrapie has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms located within codons 136, 154 and 171 of the ovine prion protein gene (PRNP). Dual-labelled HyBeacon probes were ...

    Authors: David J French, Dominic Jones, David G McDowell, Jim A Thomson and Paul G Debenham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The ability of medical residents training at U.S. urban medical centers to diagnose and manage tuberculosis cases has important public health implications. We assessed medical resident knowledge about tubercul...

    Authors: Petros C Karakousis, Frangiscos G Sifakis, Ruben Montes de Oca, Valerianna C Amorosa, Kathleen R Page, Yukari C Manabe and James D Campbell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Vancomycin use is considered inappropriate in most hospitals. A particular concern is the recent emergence of S. aureus with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, making it important to reduce overall exposure ...

    Authors: Moacyr S Junior, Luci Correa, Alexandre R Marra, Luis FA Camargo and Carlos AP Pereira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Endophthalmitis is the inflammatory response to invasion of the eye with bacteria or fungi. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery varies between 0.072–0.13 percent. Treatment of endophthalmit...

    Authors: Sayime Aydin, Bulent Ertugrul, Berna Gultekin, Guliz Uyar and Erkin Kir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:87
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. DNA fingerprinting by IS6110-RFLP has shown a high incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates having no and low copies of the insertion sequence in Kerala, South India. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphis...

    Authors: Manju Y Krishnan, Indulakshmi Radhakrishnan, Biljo V Joseph, Madhavi Latha GK, Ajay Kumar R and Sathish Mundayoor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The epidemiology of E. ruminantium infection in extensively managed young animals is not adequately understood. Thus in this study, we monitored the onset (age at first infection) and kinetics of E. ruminantium i...

    Authors: Bonto Faburay, Dirk Geysen, Susanne Munstermann, Lesley Bell-Sakyi and Frans Jongejan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2007 7:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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