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  1. The incidence of pertussis has been increasing worldwide. In the Netherlands, the seroprevalence has risen higher than the reported cases, suggesting that laboratory tests for pertussis are considered infreque...

    Authors: Gertrude van den Brink, Jérôme O Wishaupt, Jacob C Douma, Nico G Hartwig and Florens GA Versteegh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:526
  2. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which can infect almost all mammalian animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. T. gondii rhoptry protein 38 (TgROP38) is an active rhoptry protein kinase which i...

    Authors: Ying Xu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Qi-Dong Tan, Jia Chen, Jing Lu, Qian-Ming Xu and Xing-Quan Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:525
  3. Host genotype accounts for a component of the variability in susceptibility to childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, despite numerous examples of host polymorphisms associated with tolerance or resist...

    Authors: George M Warimwe, Gregory Fegan, Esther W Kiragu, Jennifer N Musyoki, Alexander W Macharia, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N Williams and Peter C Bull
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:524
  4. Clostridium difficile carriage has been considered as a potential source for the deadly infection, but its role in cancer patients is still unclear. We aimed to identify the clinical and immunological factors th...

    Authors: Wei-Jia Fang, Da-Zhi Jing, Yun Luo, Cai-Yun Fu, Peng Zhao, Jiong Qian, Bing-Ru Tian, Xiao-Gang Chen, Yu-Long Zheng, Yi Zheng, Jing Deng, Wei-Hua Zou, Xue-Ren Feng, Fan-Long Liu, Xiao-Zhou Mou and Shu-Sen Zheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:523
  5. Environmental exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. The influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment and re...

    Authors: Yutaka Ito, Toyohiro Hirai, Kohei Fujita, Takeshi Kubo, Koichi Maekawa, Satoshi Ichiyama, Kaori Togashi and Michiaki Mishima
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:522
  6. Undernourished, HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa have high levels of systemic inflammation, which is a risk factor for mortality and other adverse health outcomes. We hypothesized that microbial trans...

    Authors: Ashley Canipe, Takondwa Chidumayo, Meridith Blevins, Michael Bestawros, Jay Bala, Paul Kelly, Suzanne Filteau, Bryan E Shepherd, Douglas C Heimburger and John R Koethe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:521
  7. Trichuriasis is a parasitic disease caused by the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura. It affects millions worldwide, particularly in the tropics. This nematode parasite burrows into the colonic epithelium result...

    Authors: Rebecca JM Hurst, Thomas Hopwood, Amanda L Gallagher, Frederick A Partridge, Timothy Burgis, David B Sattelle and Kathryn J Else
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:520
  8. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) program of Cameroon recommends routine laboratory monitoring of haematological toxicity if a regimen contains zidovudine (AZT) and of hepatotoxicity for NVP-containing regimens...

    Authors: Cavin Epie Bekolo, Cecile Sonkoue, Hortense Djidjou, Patrick Sylvestre Bekoule and Basile Kollo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:519
  9. Central venous catheters (CVC) removal and reinsertion of a new CVC in the setting of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is not always possible in septic patients. The purpose of this stud...

    Authors: Anne-Marie Chaftari, Aline El Zakhem, Mohamed A Jamal, Ying Jiang, Ray Hachem and Issam Raad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:518
  10. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen associated with endemic and acute viral hepatitis. In this study, we investigate the HEV seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional...

    Authors: Youngsil Yoon, Hye Sook Jeong, Haesun Yun, Hyeokjin Lee, Yoo-Sung Hwang, Bohyun Park, Chae Jin Lee, Sangwon Lee and Ji-Yeon Hyeon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:517
  11. HIV infected children are at increased risk of TB disease and require annual TB screening. Data on use of IGRA for TB screening in them are limited. We retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of Quantiferon G...

    Authors: Winsley Rose, Ian Kitai, Fatima Kakkar, Stanley E Read, Marcel A Behr and Ari Bitnun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:516
  12. International travel from low-incidence to high-incidence countries for tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a risk factor for acquiring TB infection. In this prospective study among long-term travellers we examin...

    Authors: Floor Elfrink, Anneke van den Hoek, Marlies E Mensen and Gerard JB Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:515
  13. Prolonged asymptomatic carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the gastrointestinal tract and the lack of effective decolonization regimen perpetuate the endemicity of VRE in the healthcare setti...

    Authors: Vincent CC Cheng, Jonathan HK Chen, Josepha WM Tai, Sally CY Wong, Rosana WS Poon, Ivan FN Hung, Kelvin KW To, Jasper FW Chan, Pak-Leung Ho, Chung-Mau Lo and Kwok-Yung Yuen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:514
  14. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing concern in ICUs worldwide. Infection with an antibiotic resistant (ABR) strain of an organism is associated with greater mortality than infection with the non-resistan...

    Authors: Håkan Hanberger, Massimo Antonelli, Martin Holmbom, Jeffrey Lipman, Peter Pickkers, Marc Leone, Jordi Rello, Yasser Sakr, Sten M Walther, Philippe Vanhems and Jean-Louis Vincent
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:513
  15. Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) range in alcohol concentration from 60-95% and are available in a variety of delivery formats, such as rinses, gels, and foams. Recent studies suggest that some ABHR foams dry to...

    Authors: David R Macinga, David J Shumaker, Heinz-Peter Werner, Sarah L Edmonds, Rachel A Leslie, Albert E Parker and James W Arbogast
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:511
  16. The 1918–19 ‘Spanish’ Influenza was the most devastating pandemic in recent history, with estimates of global mortality ranging from 20 to 50 million. The focal point of the pandemic was India, with an estimat...

    Authors: Siddharth Chandra and Eva Kassens-Noor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:510
  17. Authors: Jeffrey V Lazarus, Jens Lundgren, Jordi Casabona, Lucas Wiessing, Catharina Matheï, Peter Vickerman, Maria Prins, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Maria Kantzanou, Isabelle Giraudon, Marica Ferri, Paul Griffiths, Magdalena Harris, Margaret Walker, Lilyana Chavdarova, Eberhard Schatz…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S18

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  18. Globally, over 10 million people are held in prisons and other places of detention at any given time. People who inject drugs (PWID) comprise 10-48% of male and 30-60% of female prisoners. The spread of hepati...

    Authors: Amber Arain, Geert Robaeys and Heino Stöver
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S17

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  19. Fifteen million adults in the World Health Organization European Region are estimated to have active hepatitis C infection. Intravenous drug use is a major hepatitis C transmission route in this region, and pe...

    Authors: Jeffrey V Lazarus, Ida Sperle, Mojca Maticic and Lucas Wiessing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S16

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  20. Unsafe injections, through infectious bodily fluids, are a major route of transmission for hepatitis B and C. Viral hepatitis burden among people who inject drugs is particularly high in many Member States of ...

    Authors: Alexander Spina, Irina Eramova and Jeffrey V Lazarus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S15

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  21. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major global health problem, which in high-income countries now mostly affects people who inject drugs (PWID). Many studies show that the treatment of HCV infecti...

    Authors: Mojca Maticic, Jerneja Videcnik Zorman, Sergeja Gregorcic, Eberhard Schatz and Jeffrey V Lazarus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S14

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  22. Behavioural surveillance among people who inject drugs (PWID) and testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV is needed to understand the scope of both epidemics in at-risk populations and to suggest steps to ...

    Authors: Robert Heimer, Ksenia Eritsyan, Russell Barbour and Olga S Levina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S12

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  23. Authors: Antonio Corbacho, Manuel Rivera, Francisco Trujillo, Maite Martí, José Carbonell, Francisco Fernández, Alexandre Rosselló, Jordi Perramon, Jaume Salse and Ignacio Ramos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14(Suppl 6):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 14 Supplement 6

  24. Frequent hand-washing is standard advice for avoidance of respiratory tract infections, but the evidence for a preventive effect in a general community setting is sparse. We therefore set out to quantify, in a...

    Authors: Hanna Merk, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Annika Linde and Olof Nyrén
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:509
  25. There have been inconsistent findings on the association between current drug use and HIV disease progression and virologic suppression. Drug use was often measured using self-report of historical use. Objecti...

    Authors: Han-Zhu Qian, Valerie J Mitchell, Sally Bebawy, Holly Cassell, Gina Perez, Catherine C McGowan, Timothy R Sterling, Sten H Vermund, Richard D’Aquila and Todd Hulgan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:508
  26. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a severe burden on public health worldwide, causing mortality rates triple that of the general population. Since 2011, for both therapy-naive and therapy-experienced geno...

    Authors: Manuela Rasi, Patrizia Künzler-Heule, Patrick Schmid, David Semela, Philip Bruggmann, Jan Fehr, Susi Saxer and Dunja Nicca
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:507
  27. Changes of miRNAs in exosome have been reported in different disease diagnosis and provided as potential biomarkers. In this study, we compared microRNA profile in exosomes in 5 MHFMD and 5 ESHFMD as well as i...

    Authors: Hong-Ling Jia, Chun-Hui He, Zhuo-Ya Wang, Yu-Fen Xu, Gen-Quan Yin, Li-Jia Mao, Chao-Wu Liu and Li Deng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:506
  28. Opioid substitution therapy has improved the survival of heroin users with and without HIV infection. We aimed to analyze sex differences in mortality rates and predictors of death among those admitted to a me...

    Authors: Roberto Muga, Inmaculada Rivas, Eva Faure, Daniel Fuster, Paola Zuluaga, Manuela Rubio, Trinidad Muñoz, Marta Torrens, Jordi Tor and Arantza Sanvisens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:504
  29. A decline in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration during antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a serious side effect. It may compel to dose reduction or even termination of antiviral treatment. The activa...

    Authors: Ahmad Amanzada, Armin D Goralczyk, Lars Reinhardt, Federico Moriconi, Silke Cameron and Sabine Mihm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:503
  30. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is not generally reported to public health authorities in the Middle East and its true prevalence remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the preva...

    Authors: Asma A Al-Thani, Wedad S Hamdi, Naser A Al-Ansari and Sanjay H Doiphode
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:502

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:173

  31. Pathological changes due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium include cytokine-mediated urinary tract inflammation. The involved cytokines may be excreted in urine and their presence in urine may therefore r...

    Authors: Kariuki H Njaanake, Paul E Simonsen, Birgitte J Vennervald, Dunstan A Mukoko, Claus M Reimert, Kimani Gachuhi, Walter G Jaoko and Benson B Estambale
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:501
  32. Little research has examined whether alcohol reduction interventions improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV treatment outcomes. This study assesses the efficacy of an intervention for reducing ...

    Authors: Charles DH Parry, Neo K Morojele, Bronwyn J Myers, Connie T Kekwaletswe, Samuel OM Manda, Katherine Sorsdahl, Gita Ramjee, Judith A Hahn, Jürgen Rehm and Paul A Shuper
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:500
  33. It has been suggested that the proliferative capacity of cells from individuals with HIV or both HIV and helminth infections is attenuated and cytokine production is dysregulated. This study describes peripher...

    Authors: Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana, Musawenkosi LH Mabaso and Gerhard Walzl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:499
  34. The Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus Group (SMG) colonize mucosal surfaces, especially the airways, and are considered to be normal mucosal microbiota; however, they are a major cause of abscesses, pneumonia and p...

    Authors: Julienne C Kaiser, Chris P Verschoor, Michael G Surette and Dawn ME Bowdish
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:498
  35. The effects of ezetimibe on cholesterol metabolism in HIV-infected patients receiving boosted protease inhibitors have not been thoroughly assessed. The aim of this study was to assess cholesterol homeostasis ...

    Authors: Pere Leyes, Esteban Martínez, María Larrousse, Montserrat Cofán, Joan Trabal, Ana María Pérez-Heras, María T Forga and Emilio Ros
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:497
  36. Cytopenias are the most common HIV-associated hematological abnormality. Cytopenias have been associated with several factors including sex, race/ethnicity, geographical location and comorbidities such as tube...

    Authors: Rachel Kyeyune, Elmar Saathoff, Amara E Ezeamama, Thomas Löscher, Wafaie Fawzi and David Guwatudde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:496
  37. Extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) isolates are susceptible to only one or two classes of antibiotics. In 2011–2012, we investigated an outbreak of XDR-PA affecting children with onco-hema...

    Authors: Marta Ciofi degli Atti, Paola Bernaschi, Michaela Carletti, Ida Luzzi, Aurora García-Fernández, Alice Bertaina, Annamaria Sisto, Franco Locatelli and Massimiliano Raponi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:494
  38. A substantial portion of Dutch travellers is comprised of immigrants returning to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFRs), including VFRs returning to dengue-endemic areas such as Surinam...

    Authors: Femke W Overbosch, Anneke van den Hoek, Janke Schinkel and Gerard JB Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:493

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