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  1. Since the introduction of HAART the incidence of HIV dementia has declined and HAART seems to improve neurocognitive function in patients with HIV dementia. Currently, HIV dementia develops mainly in patients ...

    Authors: Lars-Magnus Andersson, Lars Hagberg, Lars Rosengren, Dietmar Fuchs, Kaj Blennow and Magnus Gisslén
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:141
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. Basidiobolomycosis is a rare disease caused by the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum, member of the class Zygomycetes, order Entomophthorales, found worldwide. Usually basidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous infection but...

    Authors: Guido EL van den Berk, L Arnold Noorduyn, Ruud J van Ketel, Jeannouel van Leeuwen, Willem A Bemelman and Jan M Prins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:140
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Determinants of the clinical presentation of the leishmaniases are poorly understood but Leishmania species and strain differences are important. To examine the relationship between clinical presentation, species...

    Authors: Manuel Calvopina, Rodrigo X Armijos, Jorge D Marco, Hiroshi Uezato, Hirotomo Kato, Eduardo A Gomez, Masataka Korenaga, Paola A Barroso, Tatsuyuki Mimori, Philip J Cooper, Shigeo Nonaka and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Though influenza vaccines are the cornerstone of medical interventions aimed at protecting individuals against epidemic influenza, their effectiveness in HIV infected individuals is not certain. With the recen...

    Authors: Julius Atashili, Linda Kalilani and Adaora A Adimora
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Endocarditis is a common complication in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). We compared risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcome in a large, prospective cohort of patients with S. aureus endocardit...

    Authors: Eeva Ruotsalainen, Kari Sammalkorpi, Janne Laine, Kaisa Huotari, Seppo Sarna, Ville Valtonen and Asko Järvinen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of annual review of the infection control practice in all Ministry of Health hospitals in the holy city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during the Hajj period of...

    Authors: Tariq A Madani, Ali M Albarrak, Mohammad A Alhazmi, Tarik A Alazraqi, Abdulahakeem O Althaqafi and Abdulrahman H Ishaq
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Schistosomiasis affects the reproductive health of women. Described sequelae are ectopic pregnancy, infertility, abortion, and cervical lesions and symptoms mimicking cervical cancer and STIs. There are indica...

    Authors: Britta Swai, Gabriele Poggensee, Sabina Mtweve and Ingela Krantz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. End stage renal disease patients are at risk of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections. The first reports of VRE isolation were from hemodialysis patients. However, to date, VRE fecal colonization ...

    Authors: Maria Cecília S Freitas, Alvaro Pacheco-Silva, Dulce Barbosa, Suzane Silbert, Hélio Sader, Ricardo Sesso and Luis Fernando A Camargo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Several acute illness severity scores have been proposed for evaluating patients on admission to intensive care units but these have not been compared for patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection (nBSI)....

    Authors: Alexandre R Marra, Gonzalo ML Bearman, Richard P Wenzel and Michael B Edmond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Purified water for pharmaceutical purposes must be free of microbial contamination and pyrogens. Even with the additional sanitary and disinfecting treatments applied to the system (sequential operational stag...

    Authors: Priscila G Mazzola, Alzira MS Martins and Thereza CV Penna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The reemergence of epidemic diphtheria in Belarus in 1990s has provided us with important information on the biology of the disease and the diversity of the causative agent Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Molecular ...

    Authors: Valentina Kolodkina, Leonid Titov, Tatyana Sharapa, Francine Grimont, Patrick AD Grimont and Androulla Efstratiou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important pathogen that can cause severe illness in infants and young children. In this study, we assessed whether data on RSV collected by the European Influenza Survei...

    Authors: Tamara J Meerhoff, Douglas Fleming, Ann Smith, Anne Mosnier, Arianne B van Gageldonk-Lafeber and W John Paget
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Combined kidney pancreas transplantation (PTx) evolved as excellent treatment for diabetic nephropathy. Infections remain common and serious complications.

    Authors: Natalie Berger, Sigmund Guggenbichler, Wolfgang Steurer, Christian Margreiter, Gert Mayer, Reinhold Kafka, Walter Mark, Alexander R Rosenkranz, Raimund Margreiter and Hugo Bonatti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) continues to be a problem for clinicians worldwide. However, few data on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns ...

    Authors: Adebayo O Shittu and Johnson Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Dengue is a common cause of fever in the tropics but its contribution to the total burden of febrile illnesses that is presented to primary health facilities in endemic regions such as Vietnam, is largely unkn...

    Authors: Hoang Lan Phuong, Peter J de Vries, Tran TT Nga, Phan T Giao, Le Q Hung, Tran Q Binh, Nguyen V Nam, Nico Nagelkerke and Piet A Kager
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In women, Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis upper genital tract infection can cause distal tubal damage and occlusion, increasing the risk of tubal factor subfertility and ectopic pregnancy. Variations, like single nucl...

    Authors: Janneke E den Hartog, Sander Ouburg, Jolande A Land, Joseph M Lyons, James I Ito, A Salvador Peña and Servaas A Morré
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) are caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Rickettsia rickettsii, respectively. The pathogenesis of RMSF relates to rickettsia-mediated vasc...

    Authors: Kerry L Dierberg and J Stephen Dumler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-kits are commercially available for the rapid diagnosis of dengue infection, and have demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in paired serum samples. In...

    Authors: Ole Wichmann, Klaus Stark, Pei-Yun Shu, Matthias Niedrig, Christina Frank, Jyh-Hsiung Huang and Tomas Jelinek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Spread of antibiotic resistance in hospitals is a well-known problem, but studies investigating the importance of factors potentially related to the spread of resistant bacteria in outpatients are sparse.

    Authors: Susanne Lietzau, Elke Raum, Heike von Baum, Reinhard Marre and Hermann Brenner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis has a high mortality. Fluconazole was the only systemic antifungal therapy available in our centre. From 1999–2001 we used low-dose fluconazole (200 mg daily initially),...

    Authors: CF Schaars, GA Meintjes, C Morroni, FA Post and G Maartens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and Public Health points of view. Shigella sonnei is the serogroup of Shige...

    Authors: Caterina Mammina, Aurora Aleo, Cristina Romani and Antonino Nastasi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe infections in very young infants and invasive disease in pregnant women and adults with underlying medical conditions. GBS pathogenicity varies between and within serotyp...

    Authors: Shannon D Manning, Moran Ki, Carl F Marrs, Kiersten J Kugeler, Stephanie M Borchardt, Carol J Baker and Betsy Foxman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Lemierre's syndrome presents a classic clinical picture, the pathophysiology of which remains obscure. Attempts have been made to trace genetic predispositions that modify the host detection of pathogen or the...

    Authors: Jean-Michel Constantin, Jean-Paul Mira, Renaud Guerin, Sophie Cayot-Constantin, Olivier Lesens, Florence Gourdon, Jean-Pierre Romaszko, Philippe Linval, Henri Laurichesse and Jean-Etienne Bazin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:115
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Both uremia and hepatitis C infection is associated with increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to find out whether hepatitis C infection has any impact on oxidative stress in hemodialysis ...

    Authors: Mehmet Horoz, Cengiz Bolukbas, Filiz F Bolukbas, Mehmet Aslan, Ahmet O Koylu, Sahbettin Selek and Ozcan Erel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women represents a risk for congenital disease. There is scarce information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in pregnant women in Mexico. Therefor...

    Authors: Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez, Sergio Guadalupe Narro-Duarte, Sergio Estrada-Martínez, Juan Humberto Díaz-García, Oliver Liesenfeld, Sergio Arturo Martínez-García and Arturo Canales-Molina
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Recent advances in characterizing the immune recovery of HIV-1-infected people have highlighted the importance of the thymus for peripheral T-cell diversity and function. The aim of this study was to investiga...

    Authors: Salvador Resino, Elena Seoane, Alicia Pérez, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos, Manuel Leal and Maria Á Muñoz-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. No data currently exist about use of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) among patients undergoing appendectomy in Thailand. We therefore examined risk factors, use, and efficacy of prophylac...

    Authors: Nongyao Kasatpibal, Mette Nørgaard, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Silom Jamulitrat and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The population of Nukufetau, a remote coral atoll island in Tuvalu in the Western Pacific, received annual mass drug administration (MDA) of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole under the Pacific Elimination of ...

    Authors: Rick Speare, Falatea Fab Latasi, Tekaai Nelesone, Sonia Harmen, Wayne Melrose, David Durrheim and Jorg Heukelbach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In a substantial proportion of respiratory tract diseases of suspected infectious origin, the etiology is unknown. Some of these cases may be caused by the recently described human bocavirus (hBoV). The aim of...

    Authors: Benedikt Weissbrich, Florian Neske, Jörg Schubert, Franz Tollmann, Katharina Blath, Kerstin Blessing and Hans Wolfgang Kreth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Noroviruses are highly infectious pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in the community and in semi-closed institutions such as hospitals. During outbreaks, multiple units within a hospital are often affected,...

    Authors: Ben A Lopman, Chris Gallimore, Jim J Gray, Ian B Vipond, Nick Andrews, Joyshri Sarangi, Mark H Reacher and David W Brown
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) in children has special features and consequently, results obtained from clinical trials with antiretroviral drugs in adults may not be representative of children. Nelfinavir (NF...

    Authors: Salvador Resino, Beatriz Larrú, Jose Ma Bellón, Rosa Resino, Ma Isabel de José, Marisa Navarro, Juan Antonio Léon, José Tomás Ramos, Ma José Mellado and Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Host genetic factors may play a role in susceptibility and resistance to SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. The study was carried out to investigate the association between the genetic polymorph...

    Authors: Jing He, Dan Feng, Sake J de Vlas, Hongwei Wang, Arnaud Fontanet, Panhe Zhang, Sabine Plancoulaine, Fang Tang, Lin Zhan, Hong Yang, Tianbao Wang, Jan H Richardus, J Dik F Habbema and Wuchun Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype is biologically different from other genotypes. We aimed to clinically and immunologically compare human tuberculosis caused by Beijing and non-Beijing strains.

    Authors: Yong-Jiang Sun, TK Lim, Adrian Kheng Yeow Ong, Benjamin Choon Heng Ho, Geok Teng Seah and Nicholas I Paton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The speed and sensitivity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have made it a popular method for the detection of microbiological agents in both research and clinical specimens. For the detection and g...

    Authors: Mark W Pandori, John Lei, Ernest H Wong, Jeffrey Klausner and Sally Liska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:104
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  40. Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases worldwide. Despite its low incidence rates in countries of Western Europe and North America, the resurgence of TB in Easte...

    Authors: Vasilios German, Georgios Giannakos, Petros Kopterides and Matthew E Falagas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to chronic liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and identified ris...

    Authors: Wasim Jafri, Nadim Jafri, Javed Yakoob, Muhammad Islam, Syed Farhan Ali Tirmizi, Tazeen Jafar, Saeed Akhtar, Saeed Hamid, Hasnain Ali Shah and Sheikh Qamaruddin Nizami
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative agent of melioidosis. Increasing resistance of the disease to antibiotics is a severe problem in treatment regime and has led to intensification of the search for new ...

    Authors: R Perumal Samy, A Pachiappan, P Gopalakrishnakone, Maung M Thwin, Yap E Hian, Vincent TK Chow, Ho Bow and Joseph T Weng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The aim of our study is to describe a fast molecular method, able to distinguish and quantize the two different genotypes (652 and JP2) of an important periodontal pathogen: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. ...

    Authors: Germano Orrù, Mario Francesco Marini, Maria Laura Ciusa, Daniela Isola, Marina Cotti, Marco Baldoni, Vincenzo Piras, Elisabetta Pisano and Caterina Montaldo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:98
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  45. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults in developing countries. Isoniazid (INH) is recommended for treatment of latent TB infection, however non-adherence is common...

    Authors: Tom A Szakacs, Douglas Wilson, D William Cameron, Michael Clark, Paul Kocheleff, F James Muller and Anne E McCarthy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people in the developing world with a further 400 million people at risk of infection. The aim of this study was to identify a single ant...

    Authors: Francisca Mutapi, Takafira Mduluza, Natalia Gomez-Escobar, William F Gregory, Cecilia Fernandez, Nicholas Midzi and Rick M Maizels
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. We have previously shown the high prevalence of oral anti-human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) antibodies in women with HPV-associated cervical neoplasia. It was postulated that the HPV antibodies were initia...

    Authors: Dianne J Marais, Candice Sampson, Anthea Jeftha, Dherendra Dhaya, Jo-Ann S Passmore, Lynette Denny, Edward P Rybicki, Eric Van Der Walt, Lawrence XG Stephen and Anna-Lise Williamson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Patients prescribed intravenous (IV) glycopeptides usually remain in hospital until completion of this treatment. Some of these patients could be discharged earlier if a switch to an oral antibiotic was made. ...

    Authors: Mohammed Desai, Bryony Dean Franklin, Alison H Holmes, Sarah Trust, Mike Richards, Ann Jacklin and Kathleen B Bamford
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Injecting drug use is a key risk factor, for several infections of public health importance, especially hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV). In England and Wales, where less than 1% of the population are l...

    Authors: AJ Sutton, NJ Gay, WJ Edmunds, VD Hope, ON Gill and M Hickman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Infectious diseases are often studied by characterising the population structure of the pathogen using genetic markers. An unresolved problem is the effective quantification of the extent of transmission using...

    Authors: Mark M Tanaka, Renault Phong and Andrew R Francis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2006 6:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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