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  1. Resistance of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has evolved worldwide. In the archipelago of São Tomé and Principe (STP), West Africa, although SP resistance is highly p...

    Authors: Patrícia Salgueiro, José L Vicente, Conceição Ferreira, Vânia Teófilo, André Galvão, Virgílio E do Rosário, Pedro Cravo and João Pinto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Several studies have shown a relatively high mortality rate among young people infected by the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Here we compared the age distributions of morbidity and mortality during t...

    Authors: Magali Lemaitre and Fabrice Carrat
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease that is spread from person to person by infected aerosols emitted by patients with respiratory forms of the disease. We describe a novel device that utilizes immunos...

    Authors: Ruth McNerney, Beyene A Wondafrash, Kebede Amena, Ato Tesfaye, Elaine M McCash and Nicol J Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:161
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  5. Previous studies regarding the prognosis of patients infected with MRSA isolates characterized by a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin have generally used a commercial Etest. Little res...

    Authors: Jiun-Ling Wang, Jann-Tay Wang, Wang-Huei Sheng, Yee-Chun Chen and Shan-Chwen Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Vertebral osteomyelitis is a common manifestation of osteomyelitis in adults and associated with considerable morbidity. Limited data exist regarding hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. Our objective was to ...

    Authors: Kavita P Bhavan, Jonas Marschall, Margaret A Olsen, Victoria J Fraser, Neill M Wright and David K Warren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. There is conclusive evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) infections of the cervix are a necessary cause of cervical cancer. In Italy there are consistent data of HPV prevalence in women aged 25 - 64 years,...

    Authors: Massimo Confortini, Francesca Carozzi, Marco Zappa, Leonardo Ventura, Anna Iossa, Paola Cariaggi, Livia Brandigi, Mario Franchini, Francesco Mirri, Paolo Viacava, Aurora Scarfantoni, Daniela Bazzanti and Cristina Sani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Smoking is known to aggravate tuberculosis (TB), but such information has been ignored in clinical practice, as it was not thought to be relevant. The aim of this study is to assess the benefits of smoking ces...

    Authors: Chi-Pang Wen, Ta-Chien Chan, Hui-Ting Chan, Min-Kuang Tsai, Ting-Yuang Cheng and Shan-Pou Tsai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The first imported case of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Germany was confirmed in April 2009. However, the first wave with measurable burden of disease started only in October 2009. The basic epidemiologic...

    Authors: Gabriele Poggensee, Andreas Gilsdorf, Silke Buda, Tim Eckmanns, Hermann Claus, Doris Altmann, Gérard Krause and Walter Haas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Interferon gamma is a major macrophage-activating cytokine during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and its role has been well established in animal models and in ...

    Authors: Marlo Möller, Almut Nebel, Paul D van Helden, Stefan Schreiber and Eileen G Hoal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Oxacillin continues to be an important agent in the treatment of staphylococcal infections; many generic products are available and the only requirement for their approval is demonstration of pharmaceutical eq...

    Authors: Carlos A Rodriguez, Maria Agudelo, Andres F Zuluaga and Omar Vesga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in patients with bacteremic sepsis have shown significant survival benefits in several studies. There is no data on the effect of statins in candidemic patients, however ...

    Authors: Graeme N Forrest, Angela M Kopack and Eli N Perencevich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Candida represents the most common cause of invasive fungal disease, and candidal blood stream infections (CBSI) are prevalent in the ICU. Inappropriate antifungal therapy (IAT) is known to increase a patient'...

    Authors: Marya D Zilberberg, Marin H Kollef, Heather Arnold, Andrew Labelle, Scott T Micek, Smita Kothari and Andrew F Shorr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. To control multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the drug susceptibility profile is needed to guide therapy. Classical drug susceptibility testing (DST) may take up to 2 to 4 months. The GenoType® MTBDRplus ...

    Authors: Mai NT Huyen, Edine W Tiemersma, Nguyen TN Lan, Frank GJ Cobelens, Nguyen H Dung, Dinh N Sy, Tran N Buu, Kristin Kremer, Pham T Hang, Maxine Caws, Richard O'Brien and Dick van Soolingen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Antibiotics are not only small molecules with therapeutic activity in killing or inhibiting microbial growth, but can also act as signaling molecules affecting gene expression in bacterial communities. A few s...

    Authors: Fedora Babić, Vittorio Venturi and Gordana Maravić-Vlahoviček
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection still causes significant morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Therefore, it is extremely important to diagnosis and mon...

    Authors: Renata MB Peres, Cláudia RC Costa, Paula D Andrade, Sandra HA Bonon, Dulcinéia M Albuquerque, Cristiane de Oliveira, Afonso C Vigorito, Francisco JP Aranha, Cármino A de Souza and Sandra CB Costa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Because of better comfort, air conditioning systems are a common feature in automobiles these days. However, its impact on the number of particles and microorganisms inside the vehicle - and by this its impact...

    Authors: Ralf-Peter Vonberg, Petra Gastmeier, Björn Kenneweg, Hinrich Holdack-Janssen, Dorit Sohr and Iris F Chaberny
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. During the spring of 2009, a pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally. We describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with the death of patients who were hospitalized with...

    Authors: Wei Cui, Hongwen Zhao, Xu Lu, Ying Wen, Ying Zhou, Baocheng Deng, Yu Wang, Wen Wang, Jian Kang and Pei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever, which remains an important public health issue in many developing countries. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is an area of high incidence and the pediatric popu...

    Authors: Kathryn E Holt, Stephen Baker, Sabina Dongol, Buddha Basnyat, Neelam Adhikari, Stephen Thorson, Anoop S Pulickal, Yajun Song, Julian Parkhill, Jeremy J Farrar, David R Murdoch, Dominic F Kelly, Andrew J Pollard and Gordon Dougan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Febrile neutropenia carries a high risk of sepsis complications, and the identification of biomarkers capable to identify high risk patients is a great challenge. Angiopoietins (Ang -) are cytokines involved i...

    Authors: Brunna E Alves, Silmara AL Montalvao, Franciso JP Aranha, Tania FG Siegl, Carmino A Souza, Irene Lorand-Metze, Joyce M Annichino-Bizzacchi and Erich V De Paula
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Rapid and easy diagnosis of dengue can assist patient triage and care-management. The detection of DENV NS1 on rapid lateral flow ...

    Authors: Vianney Tricou, Hang TT Vu, Nhu VN Quynh, Chau VV Nguyen, Hien T Tran, Jeremy Farrar, Bridget Wills and Cameron P Simmons
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The detailed analysis of an outbreak database has been undertaken to examine the role of contact tracing in controlling an outbreak of possible avian influenza in humans. The outbreak, initiating from the purc...

    Authors: Ken TD Eames, Cerian Webb, Kathrin Thomas, Josie Smith, Roland Salmon and J Mark F Temple
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. In tuberculosis (TB) endemic parts of the world, patients with pulmonary symptoms are managed as "smear-negative TB patients" if they do not improve on a two-week presumptive, broad-spectrum course of antibiot...

    Authors: Lotte Jensen, Andreas V Jensen, George Praygod, Jeremiah Kidola, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, John Changalucha, Nyagosya Range, Henrik Friis, Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Jorgen S Jensen and Aase B Andersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. During the SARS pandemic in Hong Kong, panic and worry were prevalent in the community and the general public avoided staying in public areas. Such avoidance behaviors could greatly impact daily routines of th...

    Authors: Joseph TF Lau, Sian Griffiths, Kai Chow Choi and Hi Yi Tsui
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Recent interest has focused on the potential use of serial interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) measurements to assess the response to anti-tuberculous (TB) treatment. The kinetics of IFN-γ responses to

    Authors: Tom G Connell, Mary-Ann Davies, Christine Johannisen, Kathryn Wood, Sandy Pienaar, Katalin A Wilkinson, Robert J Wilkinson, Heather J Zar, David Beatty, Mark P Nicol, Nigel Curtis and Brian Eley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of male circumcision (MC) on HIV acquisition estimated using HIV incidence assays and to compare it to the effect measured by survival analysis.

    Authors: Agnès Fiamma, Pascale Lissouba, Oliver E Amy, Beverley Singh, Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas C Quinn, Dirk Taljaard and Bertran Auvert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. In infectious disease surveillance, when the laboratory confirmation of the cases is time-consuming, there is often a time lag between the number of suspect cases and the number of confirmed cases. This study ...

    Authors: Pei-Hung Chuang, Jen-Hsiang Chuang and I-Feng Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) in neutropenic patients often cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the surveillance and early identification of patients at high risk for developing BSIs might b...

    Authors: Eleni Apostolopoulou, Vasilios Raftopoulos, Konstantinos Terzis and Ioannis Elefsiniotis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Although seasonal influenza vaccine is effective in the elderly, immune responses to vaccination are lower in the elderly than in younger adults. Strategies to optimise responses to vaccination in the elderly ...

    Authors: Pierre Van Damme, Robert Arnou, Froukje Kafeja, Anne Fiquet, Patrick Richard, Stéphane Thomas, Gilles Meghlaoui, Sandrine Isabelle Samson and Emilio Ledesma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important cause of pyogenic skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). The aim of present study is to investigate the molecular cha...

    Authors: Dan Yao, Fang-you Yu, Zhi-qiang Qin, Chun Chen, Su-su He, Zeng-qiang Chen, Xue-qing Zhang and Liang-xing Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a Scandinavian type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala hantavirus. The clinical course of the disease varies greatly in severity. The aim of the present s...

    Authors: Tuula K Outinen, Satu M Mäkelä, Ilpo O Ala-Houhala, Heini SA Huhtala, Mikko Hurme, Antti S Paakkala, Ilkka H Pörsti, Jaana T Syrjänen and Jukka T Mustonen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, restores CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and greatly reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections. Whil...

    Authors: Julia Pohling, Katrin Zipperlen, Natasha A Hollett, Maureen E Gallant and Michael D Grant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The ecology of influenza may be more complex than is usually assumed. For example, despite multiple waves in the influenza pandemic of 1918-19, many people in urban locations were apparently unaffected. Were t...

    Authors: John D Mathews, Emma S McBryde, Jodie McVernon, Paul K Pallaghy and James M McCaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are responsible for high morbidity among women. We aim to quantify the magnitude of the burden and risk factors of STI/RTI s amon...

    Authors: Nyaradzai E Kurewa, Munyaradzi P Mapingure, Marshal W Munjoma, Mike Z Chirenje, Simbarashe Rusakaniko and Babill Stray-Pedersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Risk of pneumocystosis after discontinuation of primary or secondary prophylaxis among HIV-infected patients before CD4 counts increase to ≧200 cells/μL (early discontinuation) after receiving highly active an...

    Authors: Chien-Yu Cheng, Mao-Yuan Chen, Szu-Min Hsieh, Wang-Huei Sheng, Hsin-Yun Sun, Yi-Chun Lo, Wen-Chun Liu and Chien-Ching Hung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. PCR amplification for the detection of pathogens in biological material is generally considered a rapid and informative diagnostic technique. Invasive Salmonella serovars, which cause enteric fever, can be common...

    Authors: Tran Vu Thieu Nga, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Hang Nguyen Thuy, Sarah Dunstan, Kathryn Holt, Le Thi Phuong Tu, James I Campbell, Tran Thuy Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Amit Arjyal, Samir Koirala, Buddha Basnyat, Christiane Dolecek, Jeremy Farrar and Stephen Baker
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Legionella is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Community-acquired [CAL] and hospital-acquired legionellosis [HAL] may have different presentations and outcome. We aimed to compare clinical characteristic...

    Authors: Sanne Jespersen, Ole S Søgaard, Henrik C Schønheyder, Michael J Fine and Lars Østergaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Over the past several years, new diagnostic techniques have been developed to allow for the rapid detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The GenoType® MTBDRplus test is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strip...

    Authors: Rapeepun Anek-vorapong, Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool, Laura Jean Podewils, Kimberly McCarthy, Keerataya Ngamlert, Busakorn Promsarin and Jay K Varma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) is the causative agent of yersiniosis. YE encompass strains of diverse pathogenicity: YE biotypes 1B and 2-5 are considered pathogenic, whereas biotype 1A is in general considered no...

    Authors: Elisa Huovinen, Leila M Sihvonen, Mikko J Virtanen, Kaisa Haukka, Anja Siitonen and Markku Kuusi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Bartonella infections are emerging in the Zhejiang Province of China. However, there has been no effort to date to explore the epidemiology of these infections in this region, nor to identify risk factors associ...

    Authors: Jimin Sun, Guiming Fu, Junfen Lin, Xiuping Song, Liang Lu and Qiyong Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. H2O2 produced by vaginal lactobacilli is believed to protect against infection, and H2O2-producing lactobacilli inactivate pathogens in vitro in protein-free salt solution. However, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and...

    Authors: Deirdre E O'Hanlon, Blair R Lanier, Thomas R Moench and Richard A Cone
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Highland areas of Africa are mostly malaria hypoendemic, due to climate which is not appropriate for anophelines development and their reproductive fitness. In view of designing a malaria control strategy in W...

    Authors: Timoléon Tchuinkam, Frédéric Simard, Espérance Lélé-Defo, Billy Téné-Fossog, Aimé Tateng-Ngouateu, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Mbida Mpoame, Jean-Claude Toto, Thomas Njiné, Didier Fontenille and Herman-Parfait Awono-Ambéné
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Species identification of isolates belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) seems to be important for the appropriate treatment of patients, since M. bovis is naturally resistant to a first line ...

    Authors: Chie Nakajima, Zeaur Rahim, Yukari Fukushima, Isamu Sugawara, Adri GM van der Zanden, Aki Tamaru and Yasuhiko Suzuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The adult population in Sri Lanka is having high level of susceptibility for Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infection. Among medical undergraduates, 47% are VZV seronegative. The purpose of the present study was...

    Authors: Suneth B Agampodi, Samath D Dharmaratne, Vasanthi Thevanesam, Sameera Dassanayake, Prabhashini Kumarihamy and Ashani Ratnayake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. HIV-monoinfected patients may be at risk for significant liver fibrosis, but its prevalence and determinants in these patients are unknown. Since HIV-monoinfected patients do not routinely undergo liver biopsy...

    Authors: Michelle DallaPiazza, Valerianna K Amorosa, Russell Localio, Jay R Kostman and Vincent Lo Re III
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. HHV-8 is closely related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but the clinical presentations of these two infections in early childhood are not well understood. Also, it is not known whether infection by one virus cor...

    Authors: Veenu Minhas, Brad P Brayfield, Kay L Crabtree, Chipepo Kankasa, Charles D Mitchell and Charles Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Avian influenza (AI) is a public health challenge because of ongoing spread and pandemic potential. Non-pharmaceutical measures are important to prevent the spread of AI and to contain a pandemic. The effectiv...

    Authors: Onno de Zwart, Irene K Veldhuijzen, Jan Hendrik Richardus and Johannes Brug
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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