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  1. Cervical cancer ranks third in prevalence and fourth as cause of death in women worldwide. In Brazil, 17,540 women were diagnosed in 2012 with the disease. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is a ne...

    Authors: Leandro Santos de Araújo Resende, Sílvia Helena Rabelo-Santos, Luís Otávio Sarian, Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo Alves, Andréa Alves Ribeiro, Luiz Carlos Zeferino and Sophie Derchain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Coccidioides spp. is the ethiological agent of coccidioidomycosis, an infection that can be fatal. Its diagnosis is complicated, due to that it shares clinical and histopathological characteristics with other pu...

    Authors: Bertha Muñoz-Hernández, Gabriel Palma-Cortés, Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez and María Angeles Martínez-Rivera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Rabies reemerged in China during the 1990s with a gradual increase in the number and geographical dispersion of cases. As a consequence, a national surveillance program was introduced in 2005 to investigate th...

    Authors: Miao Song, Qing Tang, Simon Rayner, Xiao-Yan Tao, Hao Li, Zhen-Yang Guo, Xin-Xin Shen, Wen-Tao Jiao, Wei Fang, Jun Wang and Guo-Dong Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Determining the variation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine and egg counts variation in stool between days in Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infected individuals is vital to decide whether or not t...

    Authors: Abraham Degarege, Mengistu Legesse, Girmay Medhin, Tilahun Teklehaymanot and Berhanu Erko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea, and several outbreaks with increased severity and mortality have been reported. In this study we report a C. difficil...

    Authors: Mónica Oleastro, Marta Coelho, Marília Gião, Salomé Coutinho, Sandra Mota, Andrea Santos, João Rodrigues and Domitília Faria
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. School closure is a non-pharmaceutical intervention that was considered in many national pandemic plans developed prior to the start of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, and received considerable attention ...

    Authors: Simon Cauchemez, Maria D Van Kerkhove, Brett N Archer, Martin Cetron, Benjamin J Cowling, Peter Grove, Darren Hunt, Mira Kojouharova, Predrag Kon, Kumnuan Ungchusak, Hitoshi Oshitani, Andrea Pugliese, Caterina Rizzo, Guillaume Saour, Tomimase Sunagawa, Amra Uzicanin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The prevalence of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region is increasing and in Southern Europe often caused by Leishmania infantum. Spontaneous healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis is commonly...

    Authors: Arne Kroidl, Inge Kroidl, Gisela Bretzel and Thomas Löscher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:206
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. The HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) are high. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with male regular partners (RP) is an important but under-emphasized risk behavior. The curre...

    Authors: Yong Cai and Joseph T F Lau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Few studies have comprehensively described tropical respiratory disease surveillance in military populations. There is also a lack of studies comparing clinical characteristics of the non-influenza pathogens w...

    Authors: Xin Quan Tan, Xiahong Zhao, Vernon J Lee, Jin Phang Loh, Boon Huan Tan, Wee Hong Victor Koh, Sock Hoon Ng, Mark I-Cheng Chen and Alex Richard Cook
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:326

  12. Mycobacterium ulcerans (M. ulcerans) causes a devastating necrotising infection of skin tissue leading to progressive ulceration. M. ulcerans is the only human pathogen that secretes mycolactone, a polyketide mo...

    Authors: Fred S Sarfo, Richard O Phillips, Jihui Zhang, Mohammed K Abass, Justice Abotsi, Yaw A Amoako, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Clive Robinson and Mark H Wansbrough-Jones
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Restricted use of third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has been linked to a reduced incidence of hospital-acquired infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We implemented an intensified an...

    Authors: Johannes P Borde, Klaus Kaier, Michaela Steib-Bauert, Werner Vach, Annette Geibel-Zehender, Hansjörg Busch, Hartmut Bertz, Martin Hug, Katja de With and Winfried V Kern
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem. Early diagnosis of MDR-TB patients is essential for minimizing the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission. The convention...

    Authors: Ruijuan Zheng, Changtai Zhu, Qi Guo, Lianhua Qin, Jie Wang, Junmei Lu, Haiyan Cui, Zhenling Cui, Baoxue Ge, Jinming Liu and Zhongyi Hu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. To analyse whether the availability of written standards for management of mechanically ventilated patients and/or the existence of a surveillance system for cases of ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) are...

    Authors: Klaus Kaier, Marie-Laurence Lambert, Uwe K Frank, Werner Vach, Martin Wolkewitz, Evelina Tacconelli, Jordi Rello, Ursula Theuretzbacher and Maria Martin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Recently, necrotizing fasciitis has been reported in patients treated with bevacizumab, usually secondary to wound healing complications, gastrointestinal perforations, or fistula formation. The risk of invasive

    Authors: Tomotaka Ugai, Masataro Norizuki, Takahiro Mikawa, Goh Ohji and Makito Yaegashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:198
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Well-characterized mice models will afford a cheaper, easy-handling opportunity for a more comprehensive understanding of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus’s pathogenesis potential. We aimed to provide a robust de...

    Authors: Jin Lv, Dan Wang, Yan-Hong Hua, Shi-Jia Pei, Jin Wang, Wen-Wei Hu, Xi-Liang Wang, Na Jia and Qi-Sheng Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. In Tanzania, routine individual-level testing for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) using laboratory genotyping and phenotyping is not feasible due to resource constraints. To monitor the prevention or emergence of ...

    Authors: James M Juma, Jenny K Tiberio, Mathias I Abuya, Bonita K Kilama, Geoffrey R Somi, Veryeh Sambu, Richard Banda, Boniphace S Jullu and Angela A Ramadhani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes serious problems in immunocompromised or immunologically immature hosts. Vaccination is the preferred approach for prevention of HCMV infection...

    Authors: Huadong Wang, Yanfeng Yao, Chaoyang Huang, Xingxing Fu, Quanjiao Chen, Hongbo Zhang, Jianjun Chen, Fang Fang, Zhenyuan Xie and Ze Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus has been shown to infect organs other than the lung, and this is likely to be mediated by systemic spread resulting from viremia which has been detected in blood in se...

    Authors: Xue Wang, Jiying Tan, Jiangqin Zhao, Zhiping Ye and Indira Hewlett
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has become an important public health concern because of the high incidence and mortality rates, and limited treatment and vaccination. Until now, clinical studies ...

    Authors: Hong Du, Ping-Zhong Wang, Jing Li, Lu Bai, Huan Li, Hai-Tao Yu, Wei Jiang, Ye Zhang, Jun-Ning Wang and Xue-Fan Bai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Complex traumatic injuries sustained by military personnel, particularly when involving extremities, often result in infectious complications and substantial morbidity. One factor that may further impair patie...

    Authors: Kevin S Akers, Katrin Mende, Kristelle A Cheatle, Wendy C Zera, Xin Yu, Miriam L Beckius, Deepak Aggarwal, Ping Li, Carlos J Sanchez, Joseph C Wenke, Amy C Weintrob, David R Tribble and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. In Africa, especially in West Africa, studies about the prevalence and diversity of respiratory viruses (influenza and others) in elderly people are largely lacking. In studies done elsewhere, it is well estab...

    Authors: Ndongo Dia, Vincent Richard, Davy Kiori, El Hadj Abdoul Khadir Cisse, Fatoumata Diène Sarr, Abdourahmane Faye, Déborah G Goudiaby, Ousmane M Diop and Mbayame N Niang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Candida glabrata has emerged as an important human pathogen associated with systemic and mucosal infections. Here, we describe isolation of two cholesterol-dependent Candida glabrata strains from a candidemia pa...

    Authors: Ziauddin Khan, Suhail Ahmad, Leena Joseph and Khaled Al-Obaid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Healthcare-acquired infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a significant cause of increased mortality, morbidity and additional health care costs in United States. Surface decontam...

    Authors: Chetan Jinadatha, Ricardo Quezada, Thomas W Huber, Jason B Williams, John E Zeber and Laurel A Copeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Human leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic to several countries in the Pacific. Zoonotic transmission dynamics combined with diagnostic challenges lead to diff...

    Authors: Susannah Colt, Boris I Pavlin, Jacob L Kool, Eliaser Johnson, Judith P McCool and Alistair J Woodward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:267

  28. Despite Southern Norway is an endemic area for Lyme borreliosis there is a lack of data on Lyme arthritis (LA). In the literature controversies exist if acute LA can develop into chronic arthritis. Our objecti...

    Authors: Glenn Haugeberg, Inger Johanne W Hansen, Tone Skarpaas, Sølvi Noraas and Vivian Kjelland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. BCG immunogenicity in infants differs between populations and these differences have been attributed to various factors. In this study, the influence of geographical location, season of birth, timing of vaccin...

    Authors: Yun-Gyoung Hur, Patricia Gorak-Stolinska, Maeve K Lalor, Hazzie Mvula, Sian Floyd, John Raynes, Anne Ben-Smith, Joseph R Fitchett, Katie L Flanagan, Sarah Burl, Martin O Ota, Amelia C Crampin, Steven G Smith and Hazel M Dockrell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Existing data are not consistently supportive of improved clinical outcome when vancomycin dosing regimens aimed at achieving target trough levels are used. A retrospective, post hoc, subgroup analysis of pros...

    Authors: Steven L Barriere, Martin E Stryjewski, G Ralph Corey, Fredric C Genter and Ethan Rubinstein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common clinical manifestation of extraintestinal amoebiasis especially in developing countries, causing up to 100 000 fatal cases annually. Accurate and early diagnosis ...

    Authors: Syazwan Saidin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Nor Dyana Zakaria, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Lim Boon Huat, Nurulhasanah Othman and Rahmah Noordin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:533

  32. The ongoing scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted the interest in surveillance of transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistance. Resistance data on virological failure and ...

    Authors: Alemseged Abdissa, Daniel Yilma, Jannik Fonager, Anne M Audelin, Lone H Christensen, Mette F Olsen, Markos Tesfaye, Pernille Kaestel, Tsinuel Girma, Abraham Aseffa, Henrik Friis, Court Pedersen and Aase B Andersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Coinfection with the hepatitis viruses is common in the HIV population in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess, in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral drugs (ARV...

    Authors: Mauro Andreotti, Maria Franca Pirillo, Giuseppe Liotta, Haswell Jere, Martin Maulidi, Jean-Baptiste Sagno, Richard Luhanga, Roberta Amici, Maria Grazia Mancini, Elisabetta Gennaro, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Stefano Vella, Marina Giuliano, Leonardo Palombi and Sandro Mancinelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is known to be only partially effective in inhibiting M. tuberculosis (MTB) multiplication in human. A new recombinant (r) urease-deficient BCG (BCG-dHCM) that ...

    Authors: Yumiko Tsukamoto, Yumi Maeda, Toshiki Tamura, Tetsu Mukai and Masahiko Makino
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. A recent longitudinal study in the Dadaab refugee camp near the Kenya-Somalia border identified unusual biannual respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics. We characterized the genetic variability of the ass...

    Authors: Charles N Agoti, Lillian M Mayieka, James R Otieno, Jamal A Ahmed, Barry S Fields, Lilian W Waiboci, Raymond Nyoka, Rachel B Eidex, Nina Marano, Wagacha Burton, Joel M Montgomery, Robert F Breiman and D James Nokes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. No published systematic reviews have assessed the natural history of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Time to clearance of colonizat...

    Authors: Erica S Shenoy, Molly L Paras, Farzad Noubary, Rochelle P Walensky and David C Hooper
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. We examined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 30 cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Hangzhou and investigated their external environments to provide evidence for c...

    Authors: Hua Ding, Li Xie, Zhou Sun, Qing-Jun Kao, Ren-Jie Huang, Xu-Hui Yang, Chun-ping Huang, Yuan-Yuan Wen, Jing-Cao Pan, Xiao-Ying Pu, Tao Jin, Xiao-Hong Zhou, Lin Zheng, Jian Li and Feng-Juan Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Cardiac device-related endocarditis is a very rare clinical manifestation of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis disease. This pathogen is a common cause of cellulitis. We here report two cases of cardiac device-r...

    Authors: Sari Rantala and Suvi Tuohinen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:174
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Data on the renal safety of Tenofovir (TDF) in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) is scarce. We compared development of various forms of renal impairment with use of TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy ...

    Authors: Sanjay N Pujari, Colette Smith, Abhimanyu Makane, Mike Youle, Margaret Johnson, Vivek Bele, Kedar Joshi, Digamber Dabhade and Sanjay Bhagani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Genital mycoplasmas colonise up to 80% of sexually mature women and may invade the amniotic cavity during pregnancy and cause complications. Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in pregnancy ...

    Authors: Mathys J Redelinghuys, Marthie M Ehlers, Andries W Dreyer, Hennie A Lombaard and Marleen M Kock
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1(PfEMP1) is a family of variant surface antigens (VSA) that mediate the adhesion of parasite infected erythrocytes to capillary endothelial cells within host t...

    Authors: Abdirahman I Abdi, Gregory Fegan, Michelle Muthui, Esther Kiragu, Jennifer N Musyoki, Michael Opiyo, Kevin Marsh, George M Warimwe and Peter C Bull
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Few studies have investigated associations between psychological and behavioral indices throughout a major epidemic. This study was aimed to compare the strength of associations between different cognitive and...

    Authors: Qiuyan Liao, Benjamin J Cowling, Wendy WT Lam, Diane MW Ng and Richard Fielding
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Nigeria suffers the world’s largest malaria burden, with approximately 51 million cases and 207,000 deaths annually. As part of the country’s aim to reduce by 50% malaria-related morbidity and mortality by 201...

    Authors: Gregory S Noland, Patricia M Graves, Adamu Sallau, Abel Eigege, Emmanuel Emukah, Amy E Patterson, Joseph Ajiji, Iheanyichi Okorofor, Oji Uka Oji, Mary Umar, Kal Alphonsus, James Damen, Jeremiah Ngondi, Masayo Ozaki, Elizabeth Cromwell, Josephine Obiezu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Many studies have found associations between climatic conditions and dengue transmission. However, there is a debate about the future impacts of climate change on dengue transmission. This paper reviewed epide...

    Authors: Suchithra Naish, Pat Dale, John S Mackenzie, John McBride, Kerrie Mengersen and Shilu Tong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Invasive fungal infections are very severe infections associated with high mortality rates, despite the availability of new classes of antifungal agents. Based on pathophysiological mechanisms and limited pre-...

    Authors: Corine E Delsing, Mark S Gresnigt, Jenneke Leentjens, Frank Preijers, Florence Allantaz Frager, Matthijs Kox, Guillaume Monneret, Fabienne Venet, Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Peter Pickkers, Alexandre Pachot, Bart Jan Kullberg and Mihai G Netea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for use at the point-of-care (POC) are likely to become increasingly useful as large-scale control programmes for schistosomiasis get underway. Given the low sensitivity of the re...

    Authors: Norman Nausch, Emily M Dawson, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza, Francisca Mutapi and Michael J Doenhoff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Blastocystis sp. is currently the most common intestinal protist found in human feces and considered an emerging parasite with a worldwide distribution. Because of its potential impact in public health, we reinf...

    Authors: Dima El Safadi, Lobna Gaayeb, Dionigia Meloni, Amandine Cian, Philippe Poirier, Ivan Wawrzyniak, Frédéric Delbac, Fouad Dabboussi, Laurence Delhaes, Modou Seck, Monzer Hamze, Gilles Riveau and Eric Viscogliosi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Innate defence mechanisms of the airways are impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), predisposing patients to lower respiratory tract infections, but less is known about the association with ...

    Authors: Malin Inghammar, Gunnar Engström, Bengt Ljungberg, Claes-Göran Löfdahl, Adam Roth and Arne Egesten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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