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  1. A study including 166 subjects was performed to investigate the frequency and persistence over a 6-month interval of concurrent oral and anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Human Immunodeficiency Vir...

    Authors: Saverio G Parisi, Mario Cruciani, Renzo Scaggiante, Caterina Boldrin, Samantha Andreis, Federico Dal Bello, Silvana Pagni, Andrea Barelli, Andrea Sattin, Carlo Mengoli and Giorgio Palù
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B streptococcus, is an emerging disease in non-pregnant adults. This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of S. ...

    Authors: Romanee Chaiwarith, Waree Jullaket, Manasanant Bunchoo, Nontakan Nuntachit, Thira Sirisanthana and Khuanchai Supparatpinyo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Typhoid fever remains a significant health problem in many developing countries. A rapid test with a performance comparable to that of blood culture would be highly useful. A rapid diagnostic test for typhoid ...

    Authors: Benedikt Ley, Kamala Thriemer, Shaali M Ame, George M Mtove, Lorenz von Seidlein, Ben Amos, Ilse CE Hendriksen, Abraham Mwambuli, Aikande Shoo, Deok R Kim, Leon R Ochiai, Michael Favorov, John D Clemens, Harald Wilfing, Jacqueline L Deen and Said M Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Viral reservoir size refers to cellular human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) DNA levels in CD4+ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood obtained from patients with plasma HIV-1-RNA levels (viral load, VL) maintained ...

    Authors: Dai Watanabe, Shiro Ibe, Tomoko Uehira, Rumi Minami, Atsushi Sasakawa, Keishiro Yajima, Hitoshi Yonemoto, Hiroki Bando, Yoshihiko Ogawa, Tomohiro Taniguchi, Daisuke Kasai, Yasuharu Nishida, Masahiro Yamamoto, Tsuguhiro Kaneda and Takuma Shirasaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Patients with rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for infections related to both the disease and its treatments. These include uncommonly reported infections due to his...

    Authors: Timothy C Olson, Tim Bongartz, Cynthia S Crowson, Glenn D Roberts, Robert Orenstein and Eric L Matteson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Unwanted pregnancy and HIV infection are issues of significant concern to young people. Limited data exists on contraceptive decision-making and practices among HIV-infected and HIV-negative young people in lo...

    Authors: Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Frank Kaharuza, Anna Mia Ekström, Stella Neema, Asli Kulane and Florence Mirembe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. About 90% of all malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa occur in children under five years. Fast and reliable diagnosis of malaria requires confirmation of the presence of malaria parasites in the blood of patie...

    Authors: Bernard Nkrumah, Samuel EK Acquah, Lukeman Ibrahim, Juergen May, Norbert Brattig, Egbert Tannich, Samuel Blay Nguah, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie and Frank Huenger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Hantaviruses are the causative agents of two zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The pathogenesis of HFRS is poorly understood. Howev...

    Authors: Ana Saksida, Branka Wraber and Tatjana Avšič-Županc
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The World Health Organization recommends universal and quality-controlled screening of blood donations for the major transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B...

    Authors: Jocelijn Stokx, Philippe Gillet, Anja De Weggheleire, Esther C Casas, Rosa Maendaenda, Adelino J Beulane, Ilhes V Jani, Solon Kidane, Carla D Mosse, Jan Jacobs and Emmanuel Bottieau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The first influenza pandemic of the 21th century was ignited by a new strain of influenza A virus (A/H1N1pdm). Specific patient groups, including those with comorbidities, pregnant women, young children, older...

    Authors: Silvia Meschi, Marina Selleri, Eleonora Lalle, Licia Bordi, Maria B Valli, Federica Ferraro, Giuseppe Ippolito, Nicola Petrosillo, Francesco N Lauria and Maria R Capobianchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Comparison of mortality among patients with positive and negative blood cultures may indicate the contribution of bacteremia to mortality. This study (1) compared mortality among patients with community-acquir...

    Authors: Mette Søgaard, Mette Nørgaard, Lars Pedersen, Henrik T Sørensen and Henrik C Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. During the past two decades, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become increasingly common as a source of nosocomial infections. Most studies of MRSA surveillance were performed during outbrea...

    Authors: Madeleine Dulon, Frank Haamann, Claudia Peters, Anja Schablon and Albert Nienhaus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Reports of the etiology of bacteremia in children from Nigeria are sparse and have been confounded by wide spread non-prescription antibiotic use and suboptimal laboratory culture techniques. We aimed to deter...

    Authors: Stephen Obaro, Lovett Lawson, Uduak Essen, Khalid Ibrahim, Kevin Brooks, Adekunle Otuneye, Denis Shetima, Patience Ahmed, Theresa Ajose, Michael Olugbile, David Idiong, Damola Ogundeji, Comfort Ochigbo, Grace Olanipekun, Walid Khalife and Richard Adegbola
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Persistent neutrophilic meningitis is an unusual form of chronic meningitis that is defined as clinical meningitis with a neutrophilic pleocytosis that persists for greater than 7 days despite empiric antimicr...

    Authors: Jaime S Green, Shira R Abeles, Daniel Z Uslan and Sanjay R Mehta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:136
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. There is an urgent need of prognosis markers for tuberculosis (TB) to improve treatment strategies. The results of several studies show that the Interferon (IFN)-γ-specific response to the TB antigens of the Q...

    Authors: Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Alamelu Raja, Balambal Raman, Satheesh Thangaraj, Marc Leportier, Giuseppe Ippolito, Enrico Girardi, Philippe Henri Lagrange and Delia Goletti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Super-infection in adult bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a condition wherein the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) grows new pathogen(s) during the therapeutic course of meningitis. It is an uncommon but clinically impo...

    Authors: Chi-Ren Huang, Shu-Fang Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Yao-Chung Chuang, Nai-Wen Tsai, Chiung-Chih Chang, Hung-Chen Wang, Chun-Chih Chien and Wen-Neng Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. In Germany, testing and treatment of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) services are not provided by one medical discipline, but rather dispersed among many different providers. Common STIs like gonorrho...

    Authors: Axel J Schmidt and Ulrich Marcus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Chronic diarrhea in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents or suffering from immunosuppressive disease can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Norovirus infection, a majo...

    Authors: Todd Capizzi, Grace Makari-Judson, Richard Steingart and Wilson C Mertens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:131
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. Yeasts are a common cause of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients. Antifungal susceptibility testing results of clinically significant fungal strains are of interest to physicians, enabling th...

    Authors: Giulia Morace, Elisa Borghi, Roberta Iatta, Gerardino Amato, Stefano Andreoni, Gioconda Brigante, Claudio Farina, Giuliana Lo Cascio, Gianluigi Lombardi, Ester Manso, Michele Mussap, Patrizia Pecile, Roberto Rigoli, Elisabetta Tangorra, Maria Valmarin and Maria Teresa Montagna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Outcome data on two-stage revision surgery for deep infection after septic hip arthritis are limited and inconsistent. This study presents the medium-term results of a new, standardized two-stage arthroplasty ...

    Authors: Carlo L Romanò, Delia Romanò, Enzo Meani, Nicola Logoluso and Lorenzo Drago
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. China is at greatest risk of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 due to its huge population and high residential density. The unclear comprehension and negative attitudes towards the emerging infectious disease among gen...

    Authors: Yilan Lin, Lijuan Huang, Shaofa Nie, Zengyan Liu, Hongjie Yu, Weirong Yan and Yihua Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide. Ninty five percent of TB cases and 98% of deaths due to TB occur in developing countries. Globally, the mortality rate h...

    Authors: Belete Getahun, Gobena Ameni, Sibhatu Biadgilign and Girmay Medhin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Melioidosis is a disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and considered endemic in South-East Asia but remains poorly documented in Cambodia. We report the first series of hospitalized pulmonary melioidosis c...

    Authors: Blandine Rammaert, Julien Beauté, Laurence Borand, Sopheak Hem, Philippe Buchy, Sophie Goyet, Rob Overtoom, Cécile Angebault, Vantha Te, Patrich Lorn Try, Charles Mayaud, Sirenda Vong and Bertrand Guillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Direct sputum smear microscopy is the mainstay of TB diagnosis in most low and middle income countries, and is highly specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in such settings. However it is limited by low sensiti...

    Authors: Heidi Albert, Patrick J Ademun, George Lukyamuzi, Barnabas Nyesiga, Yukari Manabe, Moses Joloba, Stuart Wilson and Mark D Perkins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 respond poorly to standard treatment with 50% or less achieving sustained virologic response. Predicting outcome is essential and could help avoid unne...

    Authors: Erik Alestig, Birgitta Arnholm, Anders Eilard, Martin Lagging, Staffan Nilsson, Gunnar Norkrans, Thomas Wahlberg, Rune Wejstål, Johan Westin and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Dengue re-emerges in Singapore despite decades of effective vector control; the infection predominantly afflicts adults. Severe dengue not fulfilling dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) criteria according to World ...

    Authors: Yee-Sin Leo, Tun L Thein, Dale A Fisher, Jenny G Low, Helen M Oh, Rajmohan L Narayanan, Victor C Gan, Vernon J Lee and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Prevention of diarrhea has presented indomitable challenges. A preventive strategy that has received significant interest is zinc supplementation. Existing literature including quantitative meta-analyses and s...

    Authors: Archana B Patel, Manju Mamtani, Neetu Badhoniya and Hemant Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Countries aiming for malaria elimination require a detailed understanding of the current intensity of malaria transmission within their national borders. National household sample surveys are now being used to...

    Authors: Abdisalan M Noor, Maoulid B Mohamed, Cleopatra K Mugyenyi, Mouna A Osman, Hawa H Guessod, Caroline W Kabaria, Ifrah A Ahmed, Mary Nyonda, Jackie Cook, Christopher J Drakeley, Margaret J Mackinnon and Robert W Snow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Patients with Enterobacter community-acquired pneumonia (EnCAP) were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Our primary aim was to describe them as few data are available on EnCAP. A comparison with CAP due t...

    Authors: Alexandre Boyer, Brice Amadeo, Frédéric Vargas, Ma Yu, Sylvie Maurice-Tison, Véronique Dubois, Cécile Bébéar, Anne Marie Rogues and Didier Gruson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increase...

    Authors: Mohsin Saeed Khan, Magnus Unemo, Shakila Zaman and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The transmission through contacts among MSM (men who have sex with men) is one of the dominating contributors to HIV prevalence in industrialized countries. In Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, the MS...

    Authors: Shan Mei, Rick Quax, David van de Vijver, Yifan Zhu and P M A Sloot
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The primary strategy to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus in India is to improve supplemental immunization activities and routine immunization coverage in priority districts with a focus on 107 high-ri...

    Authors: William M Weiss, MH Rahman, Roma Solomon, Vibha Singh and Dora Ward
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Epidemiological studies worldwide have shown that A. fumigatus exhibits important phenotypic and genotypic diversity, and these findings have been of great importance in improving the diagnosis and treatment of d...

    Authors: María Guadalupe Frías-De León, Monserrat Zavala-Ramírez, Susana Córdoba, Gerardo Zúñiga, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante, Armando Pérez-Torres, Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez, Irma López-Martínez, María José Buitrago and María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Simulation models of influenza spread play an important role for pandemic preparedness. However, as the world has not faced a severe pandemic for decades, except the rather mild H1N1 one in 2009, pandemic infl...

    Authors: Timo Smieszek, Michael Balmer, Jan Hattendorf, Kay W Axhausen, Jakob Zinsstag and Roland W Scholz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Infective endocarditis is rarely caused by Burkholderia cepacia. This infection is known to occur particularly in immunocompromised hosts, intravenous heroin users, and in patients with prosthetic valve replaceme...

    Authors: Hyun Kyun Ki, Sung Hea Kim, Seong Woo Han and Hae Suk Cheong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:114
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. In areas where both tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent, descriptive studies of the clinical features of individual mycobacteria are needed to inform clinical triage.

    Authors: Gowri Satyanarayana, Scott K Heysell, Kenneth W Scully and Eric R Houpt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Proadrenomedullin (ProADM) confers additional prognostic information to established clinical risk scores in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). We aimed to derive a practical algorithm combining the CUR...

    Authors: Werner C Albrich, Frank Dusemund, Kristina Rüegger, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Werner Zimmerli, Thomas Bregenzer, Sarosh Irani, Ulrich Buergi, Barbara Reutlinger, Beat Mueller and Philipp Schuetz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The classical spoligotyping technique, relying on membrane reverse line-blot hybridization of the spacers of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis CRISPR locus, is used world-wide (598 references in Pubmed on April 8th,...

    Authors: Edgar Abadia, Jian Zhang, Viviana Ritacco, Kristin Kremer, Raymond Ruimy, Leen Rigouts, Harrison Magdinier Gomes, Atiná Ribeiro Elias, Maryse Fauville-Dufaux, Karolien Stoffels, Voahangy Rasolofo-Razanamparany, Darío Garcia de Viedma, Marta Herranz, Sahal Al-Hajoj, Nalin Rastogi, Carlo Garzelli…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Extensive drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious problem in the clinical setting. It is therefore important to find active antibiotic combinations that could be effective in the treatment of infe...

    Authors: Wang Liang, Xiao-fang Liu, Jun Huang, De-mei Zhu, Jian Li and Jing Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae C-polysaccharide in urine is a useful rapid diagnostic test for pneumococcal infections in adults. In young children, high rates of false positive results have been documente...

    Authors: Paul Turner, Claudia Turner, Napaphat Kaewcharernnet, Naw Yi Mon, David Goldblatt and François Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay in inpatients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) with pulmonary infiltrates who required a d...

    Authors: Yoon Jee Lee, Jaehee Lee, Yi Young Kim, Dong Il Won, Seung Ick Cha, Jae Yong Park, Tae Hoon Jung and Chang Ho Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. In view of the long term discussion on the appropriateness of the dengue classification into dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the World Health Organization (W...

    Authors: Judit Barniol, Roger Gaczkowski, Eliana Vega Barbato, Rivaldo V da Cunha, Doris Salgado, Eric Martínez, Carmita Soria Segarra, Ernesto B Pleites Sandoval, Ajay Mishra, Ida Safitri Laksono, Lucy CS Lum, José G Martínez, Andrea Núnez, Angel Balsameda, Ivan Allende, Gladys Ramírez…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics occur annually in temperate climates and result in significant pediatric morbidity and increased health care costs. Although RSV epidemics generally occur b...

    Authors: Molly Leecaster, Per Gesteland, Tom Greene, Nephi Walton, Adi Gundlapalli, Robert Rolfs, Carrie Byington and Matthew Samore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged during 2009 and has spread worldwide. This virus can cause injuries to the lungs, liver, and heart. However, data regarding whether this influenza virus can affect...

    Authors: Wei Wang, Hong Chen, Qiang Li, Bo Qiu, Jiajun Wang, Xiwen Sun, Ying Xiang and Jinchao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The role of chronic renal failure (CRF) in the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in patients with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (APN) remains poorly understood.

    Authors: Yeon Soon Jung, Ho Sik Shin and Hark Rim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The overall volume of antibiotic consumption in the community is one of the foremost causes of antimicrobial resistance. There is much ad-hoc information about the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics, ove...

    Authors: Anita Kotwani and Kathleen Holloway
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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