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  1. Chandipura virus (CHPV), a member of family Rhabdoviridae was attributed to an explosive outbreak of acute encephalitis in children in Andhra Pradesh, India in 2003 and a small outbreak among tribal children from...

    Authors: Satyendra Kumar, Ramesh S Jadi, Sudeep B Anakkathil, Babasaheb V Tandale, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra and Vidya A Arankalle

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:168

    Content type: Technical advance

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  2. Cambodia's 100% Condom-Use Programme (CUP), implemented nationally in 2001, requires brothel-based female sex workers (FSWs) to use condoms with all clients. In 2005, we conducted a sexually transmitted infect...

    Authors: Heng Sopheab, Guy Morineau, Joyce J Neal, Vonthanak Saphonn and Knut Fylkesnes

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:167

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) hampers TB control. Ten provinces in China performed drug resistance surveys among tuberculosis (TB) patients in 1996–2004 to assess levels of drug resistance.

    Authors: Guang Xue He, Yan Lin Zhao, Guang Lu Jiang, Yu Hong Liu, Hui Xia, Sheng Fen Wang, Li Xia Wang, Martien W Borgdorff, Marieke J van der Werf and Susan van den Hof

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:166

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals are prone to malnutrition due to increased energy requirements, enteropathy and increased catabolism. Trace elements such as zinc and selenium have major role ...

    Authors: H Khalili, A Soudbakhsh, M Hajiabdolbaghi, S Dashti-Khavidaki, A Poorzare, AA Saeedi and R Sharififar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:165

    Content type: Research article

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  5. The progression of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by host and viral factors. Distinct clinical outcomes in patients infected with different HCV genotypes...

    Authors: Aline G Vigani, Maria H Pavan, Raquel Tozzo, Eduardo SL Gonçales, Adriana Feltrin, Viviane C Fais, Maria SK Lazarini, Neiva SL Gonçales and Fernando L Gonçales Jr

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:164

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Blood stream infections (BSI) are life-threatening infections in intensive care units (ICU), and prognosis is highly dependent on early detection. Procalcitonin levels have been shown to accurately and quickly...

    Authors: Pierre Emmanuel Charles, Sylvain Ladoire, Aurélie Snauwaert, Sébastien Prin, Serge Aho, André Pechinot, Niels-Olivier Olsson, Bernard Blettery, Jean-Marc Doise and Jean-Pierre Quenot

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:163

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Many factors have been mentioned as contributing to under-diagnosis and under-reporting of zoonotic diseases particularly in the sub-Sahara African region. These include poor disease surveillance coverage, poo...

    Authors: Kunda John, Rudovic Kazwala and Godfrey S Mfinanga

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:162

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Over the past ten years MRSA has become endemic in hospitals and is associated with increased healthcare costs. Critically ill patients are most at risk, in part because of the number of invasive therapies tha...

    Authors: Gillian Thompson, Bronagh Blackwood, Ronan McMullan, Fiona A Alderdice, T John Trinder, Gavin G Lavery and Danny F McAuley

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:161

    Content type: Study protocol

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  9. Miliary pulmonary nodules are commonly caused by various infections and cancers. We sought to identify the relative frequencies of various aetiologies and the clinical and radiographic predictors of miliary tu...

    Authors: Sang-Man Jin, Hyun Ju Lee, Eun-Ah Park, Ho Yun Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Seok-Chul Yang, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Young-Soo Shim and Jae-Joon Yim

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:160

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Youth have been reported to be at a higher risk of acquiring STIs with significant adverse health and social consequences. Knowledge on the prevailing risky practices is an essential tool to guide preventive s...

    Authors: W Urassa, C Moshiro, G Chalamilla, F Mhalu and E Sandstrom

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:159

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The overlapping geographical and socio-economic distribution of malaria and helminth infection has led to several studies investigating the immunological and pathological interactions of these parasites. This ...

    Authors: L Reilly, C Magkrioti, T Mduluza, DR Cavanagh and F Mutapi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:158

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Tularemia re-emerged in Germany starting in 2004 (with 39 human cases from 2004 to 2007) after over 40 years of only sporadic human infections. The reasons for this rise in case numbers are unknown as is the p...

    Authors: Philipp Kaysser, Erik Seibold, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Martin Pfeffer, Sandra Essbauer and Wolf D Splettstoesser

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:157

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Mortality in Zambian AIDS patients is high, especially in patients with diarrhoea, and there is still unacceptably high mortality in Zambian patients just starting anti-retroviral therapy. We set out to determ...

    Authors: Isaac Zulu, Ghaniah Hassan, Lungowe Njobvu RN, Winnie Dhaliwal, Sandie Sianongo and Paul Kelly

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:156

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The incidence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the inciden...

    Authors: Masao Hashimoto, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Sumihito Tamura, Junichi Kaneko, Yuichi Matsui, Junichi Togashi, Kyoji Moriya, Kazuhiko Koike and Masatoshi Makuuchi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:155

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Streptococcus intermedius is a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group. Clinical disease with S. intermedius is characterized by abscess formation and rarely endocarditis. Identification of Streptococcus int...

    Authors: MaryAnn P Tran, Molly Caldwell-McMillan, Walid Khalife and Vincent B Young

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:154

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Infectious disease (ID) is a dynamic field with new guidelines being adopted at a rapid rate. Clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) have proven beneficial in selecting treatment options to improve outcomes. ...

    Authors: Hyla H Polen, Antonia Zapantis, Kevin A Clauson, Jennifer Jebrock and Mark Paris

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:153

    Content type: Research article

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  17. In March 2007, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health was notified of Swedish individuals diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis after staying at a Norwegian hotel. In Norway, cryptosporidiosis is not reportable, ...

    Authors: Agnes Hajdu, Line Vold, Torild A Østmo, Anna Helleve, Sigrid R Helgebostad, Truls Krogh, Lucy Robertson, Birgitta de Jong and Karin Nygård

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:152

    Content type: Research article

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  18. There has been a marked increase in the incidence of, and concern regarding, human Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli infections worldwide during the last decade. As the highest infectious disease control apparatus...

    Authors: Ji-Rong Yang, Ho-Sheng Wu, Chuen-Sheue Chiang and Jung-Jung Mu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:151

    Content type: Research article

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  19. In 1988 the World Health Assembly adopted the goal to eradicate poliomyelitis by routine immunization using Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). On 21 June 2002 the WHO European Region was declared polio-free. In 2008 po...

    Authors: Silvio Tafuri, Rosa Prato, Domenico Martinelli, Agata Calvario, Anna Bozzi, Michele Labianca, Annamaria Patti, Pietro Luigi Lopalco and Cinzia Germinario

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:150

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Recent data indicate that full efficacy of a hand rub preparation for hygienic hand disinfection can be achieved within 15 seconds (s). However, the efficacy test used for the European Norm (EN) 1500 samples o...

    Authors: Günter Kampf, Mirja Reichel, Yvonne Feil, Sven Eggerstedt and Paul-Michael Kaulfers

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:149

    Content type: Research article

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  21. The identification of clinical factors associated with negative blood cultures could help to avoid unnecessary blood cultures. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established inflammation marker commonly used i...

    Authors: Boris P Ehrenstein, Vera Ehrenstein, Christine Henke, Hans-Jörg Linde, Bernd Salzberger, Jürgen Schölmerich and Thomas Glück

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:148

    Content type: Research article

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  22. On October 8, 2005, an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 hit the Northern parts of Pakistan. In the post-earthquake scenario, overcrowding, improper sewage disposal, contamination of food and drinking water, hasty s...

    Authors: Saeed Khan, Mohammad A Rai, Adnan Khan, Amber Farooqui, Shahana U Kazmi and Syed H Ali

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:147

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for host defense in rodents, but the role of NO during tuberculosis (TB) in man remains controversial. However, earlier observations that arginine supplementation facilitates ant...

    Authors: Jonna Idh, Anna Westman, Daniel Elias, Feleke Moges, Assefa Getachew, Aschalew Gelaw, Tommy Sundqvist, Tony Forslund, Addis Alemu, Belete Ayele, Ermias Diro, Endalkachew Melese, Yared Wondmikun, Sven Britton, Olle Stendahl and Thomas Schön

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:146

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Antibiotics are recommended for severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Serum procalcitonin (PCT) could be a useful tool for selectin...

    Authors: Cédric Daubin, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Astrid Vabret, Michel Ramakers, Sabine Fradin, Nicolas Terzi, François Freymuth, Pierre Charbonneau and Damien du Cheyron

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:145

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Protease inhibitors (PIs) have been associated with metabolic complications. There is a trend to switch to simpler therapy to improve these disturbances. We report a case-series describing the effects in metab...

    Authors: M Isabel Gonzalez-Tome, Jose Tomas Ramos Amador, M Jose Mellado Peña, M Luisa Navarro Gomez, Pablo Rojo Conejo and Pablo Martin Fontelos

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:144

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The aetiology of severe gastroenteritis leading to hospitalisation in adults frequently remains unclear. Our objective was to study the causes and characteristics of community-acquired, acute gastroenteritis i...

    Authors: Andreas Jansen, Klaus Stark, Jan Kunkel, Eckart Schreier, Ralf Ignatius, Oliver Liesenfeld, Dirk Werber, Ulf B Göbel, Martin Zeitz and Thomas Schneider

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:143

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The risk for occupational exposure to HIV has been well characterized in the developed world, but limited information is available about this transmission risk in resource-constrained settings facing the large...

    Authors: Amita Gupta, Shuchi Anand, Jayagowri Sastry, Anandini Krisagar, Anita Basavaraj, Shreepad M Bhat, Nikhil Gupte, Robert C Bollinger and Arjun L Kakrani

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:142

    Content type: Research article

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  28. The pathophysiology of sepsis is due in part to early systemic inflammation. Here we describe molecular and cellular responses, as well as survival, in A2A adenosine receptor (AR) agonist treated and untreated an...

    Authors: Christopher C Moore, Edward N Martin, Grace H Lee, Tom Obrig, Joel Linden and W Michael Scheld

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:141

    Content type: Research article

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  29. In Norway, screening for tuberculosis infection by tuberculin skin test (TST) has been offered for several decades to all children in 9th grade of school, prior to BCG-vaccination. The incidence of tuberculosi...

    Authors: Brita Askeland Winje, Fredrik Oftung, Gro Ellen Korsvold, Turid Mannsåker, Ingvild Nesthus Ly, Ingunn Harstad, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise and Einar Heldal

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:140

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Differences in degree of environmental exposure to antigens in early life have been hypothesized to lead to differences in immune status in individuals from different populations, which may have implications f...

    Authors: Anne Ben-Smith, Patricia Gorak-Stolinska, Sian Floyd, Rosemary E Weir, Maeve K Lalor, Hazzie Mvula, Amelia C Crampin, Diana Wallace, Peter CL Beverley, Paul EM Fine and Hazel M Dockrell

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:139

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Problems associated with resistant mosquitoes and the effects on non-target species by chemicals, evoke a reason to find alternative methods to control mosquitoes, like the use of natural predators. In this re...

    Authors: Goutam Chandra, Samir K Mandal, Arup K Ghosh, Dipanwita Das, Siddhartha S Banerjee and Sumanta Chakraborty

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:138

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Blood culture surveillance will be used for assessing the public health effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Africa. Between 2003 and 2006 we assessed blood culture outcome and performance in ad...

    Authors: Neema Mtunthama, Stephen B Gordon, Temwa Kusimbwe, Eduard E Zijlstra, Malcolm E Molyneux and Neil French

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:137

    Content type: Research article

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  33. To date, data on the durability of a regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine are very limited, particularly from the resource-limited settings.

    Authors: Weerawat Manosuthi, Preecha Tantanathip, Wisit Prasithisirikul, Sirirat Likanonsakul and Somnuek Sungkanuparph

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:136

    Content type: Research article

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  34. The last case of poliomyelitis due to transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus occurred in Italy in 1982, however, it is important to guarantee a high quality surveillance as there is a risk of importation o...

    Authors: Marcello M D'Errico, Pamela Barbadoro, Sonia Bacelli, Elisabetta Esposto, Vania Moroni, Federica Scaccia, Luana Tantucci and Emilia Prospero

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:135

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Lysozyme is an antimicrobial innate immune molecule degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. Lysozyme shows the ubiquitous expression in wide varieties of species and tissues including the tubotympa...

    Authors: Jun Shimada, Sung K Moon, Haa-Yung Lee, Tamotsu Takeshita, Huiqi Pan, Jeong-Im Woo, Robert Gellibolian, Noboru Yamanaka and David J Lim

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:134

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Bacteria in the hospital's drinking water system represent a risk for the acquisition of a nosocomial infection in the severely immunocompromised host. Terminal tap water filters may be used to prevent nosocom...

    Authors: Ralf-Peter Vonberg, Dorit Sohr, Juliane Bruderek and Petra Gastmeier

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:133

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. HIV infection is a serious concern in the Canadian Aboriginal population, particularly among youth; however, there is limited attention to this issue in research literature. The purpose of this national study ...

    Authors: Judy E Mill, Randy C Jackson, Catherine A Worthington, Chris P Archibald, Tom Wong, Ted Myers, Tracey Prentice and Susan Sommerfeldt

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:132

    Content type: Research article

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  38. The level of intra-species genetic variation in Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii populations in a localized geographic area, like Puducherry, India, remains unknown.

    Authors: Subhash Chandra Parija and Krishna Khairnar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:131

    Content type: Research article

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  39. The effects of climate variations on bacillary dysentery incidence have gained more recent concern. However, the multi-collinearity among meteorological factors affects the accuracy of correlation with bacilla...

    Authors: Desheng Huang, Peng Guan, Junqiao Guo, Ping Wang and Baosen Zhou

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:130

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Although the incidence of serious morbidity with childhood pneumonia has decreased over time, empyema as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia continues to be an important clinical problem. We reviewe...

    Authors: Joanne M Langley, James D Kellner, Nataly Solomon, Joan L Robinson, Nicole Le Saux, Jane McDonald, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez, Ben Tan, Upton Allen, Simon Dobson and Heather Joudrey

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:129

    Content type: Research article

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  41. On 7 May 2007 the medical officer in Røros (population 5600) reported 15 patients with gastroenteritis. Three days later he estimated hundreds being ill. Untreated tap water from a groundwater source was suspe...

    Authors: Irena Jakopanec, Katrine Borgen, Line Vold, Helge Lund, Tore Forseth, Raisa Hannula and Karin Nygård

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:128

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Mortality among HIV-infected children in developing countries remains high after serious bacterial infections despite the use of antibiotics. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used as an adjuvant ther...

    Authors: Lyen C Huang, Landon Myer and Heather B Jaspan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:127

    Content type: Research article

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  43. An uneven spatial distribution of leprosy can be caused by the influence of geography on the distribution of risk factors over the area, or by population characteristics that are heterogeneously distributed ov...

    Authors: EAJ Fischer, D Pahan, SK Chowdhury and JH Richardus

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:126

    Content type: Research article

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  44. There is a higher case-detection rate for leprosy among spatially proximate contacts such as household members and neighbors. Spatial information regarding the clustering of leprosy can be used to improve inte...

    Authors: EAJ Fischer, D Pahan, SK Chowdhury, L Oskam and JH Richardus

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:125

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis that produce two exotoxins, lethal toxin and edema toxin. The lethal toxin is composed of the lethal factor (LF) complexed with the cell binding protective antigen (PA83, 8...

    Authors: Rasha Hammamieh, Wilson J Ribot, Terry G Abshire, Marti Jett and John Ezzell

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:124

    Content type: Research article

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  46. To investigate dynamic fluctuations of serum viral load and peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations of chronic hepatitis B patients and their correlation during entecavir therapy.

    Authors: Jing You, Hutcha Sriplung, Alan Geater, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Lin Zhuang, Yun-Li Li, Hua Lei, Jun Liu, Hong-Ying Chen, Bao-Zhang Tang and Jun-Hua Huang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:123

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Adenovirus are the important pathogen of pediatric severe pneumonia. The aim of this study is to analyze the infection, subtype and distribution of adenovirus in autopsied pulmonary tissue of fatal pneumonia i...

    Authors: Zhi-Ying Ou, Qi-Yi Zeng, Feng-Hua Wang, Hui-Min Xia, Jun-Peng Lu, Jian-Qing Xia, Si-Tang Gong, Li Deng, Jian-Tao Zhang and Rong Zhou

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:122

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are the only group of cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory pathogens that may cause death by an invasive infection known as cepacia syndrome. Their large genome (>...

    Authors: Pavel Drevinek, Matthew TG Holden, Zhaoping Ge, Andrew M Jones, Ian Ketchell, Ryan T Gill and Eshwar Mahenthiralingam

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:121

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Injection site infections among injecting drug users (IDUs) have been associated with serious morbidity and health service costs in North America. This study explores the frequency, factors and costs associate...

    Authors: Vivian Hope, Jo Kimber, Peter Vickerman, Matthew Hickman and Fortune Ncube

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:120

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Little current information is available for prevalence of vertically-transmitted infections among the Afghan population. The purpose of this study is to determine prevalence and correlates of human immunodefic...

    Authors: Catherine S Todd, Malalay Ahmadzai, Faridullah Atiqzai, Suellen Miller, Jeffrey M Smith, Syed Alef Shah Ghazanfar and Steffanie A Strathdee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2008 8:119

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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