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  1. Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo ...

    Authors: Jiří Beran, Eva Šalapová and Marian Špajdel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:648
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Although many studies have modelled the national burdens of hospitalizations and deaths due to influenza, few studies have considered the outpatient burden. To fill this gap for the United States (US), we appl...

    Authors: Gonçalo Matias, François Haguinet, Roger L. Lustig, Laurel Edelman, Gerardo Chowell and Robert J. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:641
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. TB and HIV are the most prevalent communicable diseases of major public health importance in the populations of sub-Saharan African countries, and an estimated 30 % of HIV infected persons have dual infection ...

    Authors: Solomon Ahmed Ali, Thandisizwe R. Mavundla, Ribka Fantu and Tadesse Awoke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:640
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Neisseria meningitidis colonizes humans and transmits mainly by asymptomatic carriage. We sought to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in Ethiopia prior to the introduction of Men...

    Authors: Guro K. Bårnes, Paul A. Kristiansen, Demissew Beyene, Bereket Workalemahu, Paulos Fissiha, Behailu Merdekios, Jon Bohlin, Marie-Pierre Préziosi, Abraham Aseffa and Dominique A. Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The Emergency Department (ED) is a frequent site of antibiotic use; poor adherence with evidence-based guidelines and broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse is common. Our objective was to determine rates and predi...

    Authors: Catherine Zatorski, Mark Zocchi, Sara E. Cosgrove, Cynthia Rand, Gillian Brooks and Larissa May
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:638
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (NH) residents and their caregivers is limited. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infec...

    Authors: Tina Uršič, Nina Gorišek Miksić, Lara Lusa, Franc Strle and Miroslav Petrovec
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:637
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Despite the availability of TB infection control guidelines, and good levels of healthcare worker knowledge about infection control, often these measures are not well implemented. This study sought to determin...

    Authors: Michelle Engelbrecht, André Janse van Rensburg, Gladys Kigozi and HCJ (Dingie) van Rensburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:633
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Since the identification in early 2013 of severe disease caused by influenza A(H7N9) virus infection, there have been few attempts to characterize the full severity profile of human infections. Our objective w...

    Authors: Yong Ping Lin, Zi Feng Yang, Ying Liang, Zheng Tu Li, Helen S. Bond, Huiying Chua, Ya Sha Luo, Yuan Chen, Ting Ting Chen, Wen Da Guan, Jimmy Chun Cheong Lai, Yu Lam Siu, Si Hua Pan, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling and Chris Ka PunMok
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:632
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:286

  12. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiologic...

    Authors: Sowath Ly, Sirenda Vong, Philippe Cavailler, Elizabeth Mumford, Channa Mey, Sareth Rith, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, San Sorn, Touch Sok, Arnaud Tarantola and Philippe Buchy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:631
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Migrant farmworkers are among the highest-risk populations for latent TB infection (LTBI) in the United States with numerous barriers to healthcare access and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. LT...

    Authors: E. Oren, M. H. Fiero, E. Barrett, B. Anderson, M. Nuῆez and F. Gonzalez-Salazar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:630
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. To describe the clinical and microbiological data of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, the treatment used, hospital- and infection-related mortality, and risk factors for death.

    Authors: Claudia M. D. de Maio Carrilho, Larissa Marques de Oliveira, Juliana Gaudereto, Jamile S. Perozin, Mariana Ragassi Urbano, Carlos H. Camargo, Cintia M. C. Grion, Anna Sara S. Levin and Silvia F. Costa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:629
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected patients is still a matter of debate as there is no standardized consensual diagnostic method. In addition, the etiology and endocrine/metabolic implications of h...

    Authors: Ana Rita Gomes, Pedro Souteiro, Carolina Germana Silva, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Francisco Almeida, António Sarmento, Davide Carvalho and Paula Freitas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:628
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tourniquet test (TT) for dengue diagnosing. To our knowledge, no previous study with such a large sample, of this duration, with as many laboratory meth...

    Authors: Nathália Barbosa Furlan, Caroline Tukasan, Cássia Fernanda Estofolete, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira and Natal Santos da Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Vitamin D level is inversely associated with tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). Vitamin D could be a mediator in the association between TB and DM. We examined the associations between vitamin D, TB and DM.

    Authors: Noémie Boillat-Blanco, Pascal Bovet, Kaushik L. Ramaiya, Maliwasa Mganga, Lilian T. Minja, Lanja Saleh, Medea Imboden, Christian Schindler, Sebastien Gagneux, Claudia Daubenberger, Klaus Reither and Nicole Probst-Hensch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:626
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Point-of-care (POC) tests are an important strategy to address the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The leucocyte esterase test (LET) can be used as a POC test for chlamydia. The aim of this...

    Authors: Menne Bartelsman, Henry J. C. de Vries, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Leslie O. A. Sabajo and Jannie J. van der Helm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:625
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Ever since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] discovered in India, several outbreaks of this disease have been recorded in Gujarat State, India. During the year 2011 to 2015 several districts of Gujarat an...

    Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Deepak Y. Patil, Anita M. Shete, Prasad Kokate, Pulkit Goyal, Santosh Jadhav, Sanjeev Sinha, Divya Zawar, Surendra K. Sharma, Arti Kapil, D. K. Sharma, Kamlesh J. Upadhyay and Devendra T. Mourya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:624
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. An evidence-based, step-by-step guide, the 4 Pillars™ Practice Transformation Program, was the foundation of an intervention to increase adult immunizations in primary care and was tested in a randomized contr...

    Authors: Chyongchiou J. Lin, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Valory N. Pavlik, Anthony E. Brown, Song Zhang, Jonathan M. Raviotta, Krissy K. Moehling, Mary Hawk, Edmund M. Ricci, Donald B. Middleton, Suchita Patel, Jeannette E. South-Paul and Richard K. Zimmerman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:623
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Staphylococci represent the first etiologic agents of bone and joint infection (BJI), leading glycopeptides use, especially in case of methicillin-resistance or betalactam intolerance. Teicoplanin may represent a...

    Authors: Olivier Peeters, Tristan Ferry, Florence Ader, André Boibieux, Evelyne Braun, Anissa Bouaziz, Judith Karsenty, Emmanuel Forestier, Frédéric Laurent, Sébastien Lustig, Christian Chidiac and Florent Valour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:622
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing and the therapeutic options are limited, especially in primary care. ...

    Authors: Fardod O’Kelly, Siobhan Kavanagh, Rustom Manecksha, John Thornhill and Jérôme P. Fennell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:620
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. A1 The outcome of patients with recurrent versus non-recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in a tertiary health-care hospital in Bucharest

    Authors: Cristian-Mihail Niculae, Eliza Manea, Raluca Jipa, Simona Merisor, Ruxandra Moroti, Serban Benea, Adriana Hristea, Alina Cristina Neguț, Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Dana Mărculescu, Magdalena Lorena Andrei, Veronica Ilie, Marcela Popa, Coralia Bleotu, Carmen Chifiriuc…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16(Suppl 4):1877
    Content type: Meeting abstracts Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 16 Supplement 4

  25. HIV clinical presentation in the acute stage is variable and some of its virological and immunological aspects are not completely understood. Most cases of HIV- associated reactive hemophagocytic syndrome have...

    Authors: Rita Veiga Ferraz, Ana Cláudia Carvalho, Fernando Araújo, Carmo Koch, Cândida Abreu and António Sarmento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:619
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. The gastropod mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata is well known as a vector for the tropical disease schistosomiasis, which affects nearly 200 million people worldwide. Despite intensive study, our understanding of the...

    Authors: Nathan J Kenny, Marta Truchado-García and Cristina Grande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:618
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The reported prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) varies widely in cohorts of people living with HIV (PLWH); this may partly be due to the use of different diagnostic criteria. Agreement between diagnostic ...

    Authors: Davide De Francesco, Jonathan Underwood, Frank A. Post, Jaime H. Vera, Ian Williams, Marta Boffito, Memory Sachikonye, Jane Anderson, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Alan Winston and Caroline A. Sabin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:617
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) worldwide. Mother to child transmission causes high morbidity and mortality among infants. Russia is on the...

    Authors: Tatiana Balaeva, Andrej M. Grjibovski, Oleg Sidorenkov, Olga Samodova, Natalia Firsova, Anatoly Sannikov and Elise Klouman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:616
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Diagnosis of influenza in older adults may be complicated by atypical presentations or when patients present with complications of an underlying illness. We aimed to identify clinical characteristics and epide...

    Authors: Po-Po Lam, Brenda L. Coleman, Karen Green, Jeff Powis, David Richardson, Kevin Katz, Bjug Borgundvaag, Telisha Smith-Gorvie, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Susan J. Bondy and Allison McGeer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:615
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Little is known about the incidence of virological failure among Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults after Uganda transitioned from Zidovidine/Lamivudine/ Nevirapine (AZT/3TC/NVP) to Tenofovir/L...

    Authors: Jonathan Izudi, Sunday Alioni, Emmanuel Kerukadho and David Ndungutse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:614
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Information about improvements in the health status of population at-risk of helminth infection after anthelminthic treatment helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the large scale deworming program. The objec...

    Authors: Yonas Yimam, Abraham Degarege and Berhanu Erko
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:613
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Undifferentiated acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common presentation among adults in primary care settings in Singapore but large gaps exist in the understanding of the characteristics of these patients. We s...

    Authors: Zaw Myo Tun, Mahesh Moorthy, Martin Linster, Yvonne CF Su, Richard James Coker, Eng Eong Ooi, Jenny Guek-Hong Low, Gavin J. D. Smith and Clarence C. Tam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:612
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. During December 2014–February 2015, an Ebola outbreak in a village in Kono district, Sierra Leone, began following unsafe funeral practices after the death of a person later confirmed to be infected with Ebola...

    Authors: Tasha Stehling-Ariza, Alexander Rosewell, Sahr A. Moiba, Brima Berthalomew Yorpie, Kai David Ndomaina, Kai Samuel Jimissa, Eva Leidman, Dingeman J. Rijken, Colin Basler, James Wood and Dumbuya Manso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:611
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Patients asking for a free anonymous HIV test may have contracted other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis, yet Chlamydia prevalence in that population is unknown. This study aim...

    Authors: Anne Lallemand, Viviane Bremer, Klaus Jansen, Stine Nielsen, Dieter Münstermann, Andreas Lucht and Carsten Tiemann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:610
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prominent nosocomial pathogen that accounts for up to 10 % of all hospital-acquired infections. It is a frequent cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VA...

    Authors: Si Guo, JingJing Xu, YanShuan Wei, JunHong Xu, Yi Li and Rui Xue
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:608
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Mycobacteria have a spectrum of virulence and different susceptibilities to antibiotics. Distinguishing mycobacterial species is vital as patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections present cl...

    Authors: Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne, Dhammika Nayoma Magana-Arachchi, Dushantha Madegedara and Suneth Sithumini Sooriyapathirana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:607
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. In 2012, as a pilot for Botswana’s national Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) rollout plans, intensified tuberculosis (TB) case finding (ICF) activities were strengthened at 22 HIV treatment clinics prior to phased activa...

    Authors: Andrew F. Auld, Tefera Agizew, Sherri Pals, Alyssa Finlay, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Rosanna Boyd, Heather Alexander, Anikie Mathoma, Joyce Basotli, Sambayawo Gwebe-Nyirenda, James Shepherd, Tedd V. Ellerbrock and Anand Date
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:606
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapies has led to considerable concerns about the prevalence of drug-resistant, as transmission of drug-resistant (TDR) strains poses a challenge for the control of the ...

    Authors: Hanping Li, Shuai Chang, Yang Han, Daomin Zhuang, Lin Li, Yongjian Liu, Siyang Liu, Zuoyi Bao, Wenfu Zhang, Hongbin Song, Taisheng Li and Jingyun Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:605
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Authors: Ankur Gupta-Wright, Katherine L. Fielding, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Douglas K. Wilson, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Clare Flach, Krishna P. Reddy, Rochelle P. Walensky, Jurgens A. Peters, Melanie Alufandika-Moyo and Stephen D. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:604
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:501

  41. Authors: Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Durval Respeito, Orvalho J. Augusto, Elisa López-Varela, Charfudin Sacoor, Victor G. Sequera, Aina Casellas, Quique Bassat, Ivan Manhiça, Eusebio Macete, Frank Cobelens and Pedro L. Alonso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:603
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:214

  42. Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans is a recently described yeast-like fungal organism and its association as a pathogen for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was reported previously. We show the clinical course of a ...

    Authors: Daniel Goldenberger, Vladimira Hinić, Spasenija Savic Prince, Michael Tamm, Anna-Maria Balestra, Doris Hohler and Reno Frei
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:601
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Novel avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H7N9, H10N8, and H5N6 are currently circulating in China’s poultry flocks, occasionally infecting human and other mammals. Human infected AIV H5N6 in China during 2014–2...

    Authors: Zhijie Zhang, Rui Li, Lufang Jiang, Chenglong Xiong, Yue Chen, Genming Zhao and Qingwu Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:600
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Tuberculosis (TB) causes a major burden on global health with long and cumbersome TB treatment regimens. Host-directed immune modulating therapies have been suggested as adjunctive treatment to TB antibiotics....

    Authors: Kristian Tonby, Ida Wergeland, Nora V. Lieske, Dag Kvale, Kjetil Tasken and Anne M. Dyrhol-Riise
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:599
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) in neonates is usually difficult due to minimal symptoms at presentation; thus early empirical therapy guided by local antibiotic susceptibility profile is necessary t...

    Authors: Appiah-Korang Labi, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Stephanie Bjerrum, Christabel Enweronu-Laryea and Mercy Jemima Newman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:598
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Lower respiratory tract infection in children is increasingly thought to be polymicrobial in origin. Children with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) may have tuberculosis, other respiratory t...

    Authors: Felix S. Dube, Mamadou Kaba, F. J. Lourens Robberts, Lemese Ah Tow, Sugnet Lubbe, Heather J. Zar and Mark P. Nicol
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:597
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) constitutes a great majority of hospital diarrhea cases in industrialized countries and is induced by two types of large toxin molecules: toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B...

    Authors: Bao-Zhong Zhang, Jianpiao Cai, Bin Yu, Yanhong Hua, Candy Choiyi Lau, Richard Yi-Tsun Tsun Kao, Kong-Hung Sze, Kwok-Yung Yuen and Jian-Dong Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:596
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and is a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Carbapenemase-producing Kle...

    Authors: Aura Falco, Yusibeska Ramos, Esther Franco, Alegría Guzmán and Howard Takiff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:595
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. According to the World Health Organization, South Africa ranks as one of the highest burden of TB, TB/HIV co-infection, and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) countries. DR-TB treatment is complicated to administer and...

    Authors: Kathryn Schnippel, Rebecca H. Berhanu, Andrew Black, Cynthia Firnhaber, Norah Maitisa, Denise Evans and Edina Sinanovic
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:593
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Symptomatic primary HIV infection is associated with an adverse prognosis, and immediate initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is recommended. However, little is known about immunological pre...

    Authors: Marco Gelpi, Hans J. Hartling, Kristina Thorsteinsson, Jan Gerstoft, Henrik Ullum and Susanne D. Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:591
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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