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  1. The homogeneous mixing assumption is widely adopted in epidemic modelling for its parsimony and represents the building block of more complex approaches, including very detailed agent-based models. The latter ...

    Authors: Livio Bioglio, Mathieu Génois, Christian L. Vestergaard, Chiara Poletto, Alain Barrat and Vittoria Colizza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:676
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  2. Hantavirus disease belongs to the emerging infections. The clinical picture and severity of infections differ between hantavirus species and may even vary between hantavirus genotypes. The mechanisms that lead...

    Authors: Ellen Krautkrämer, Christian Nusshag, Alexandra Baumann, Julia Schäfer, Jörg Hofmann, Paul Schnitzler, Boris Klempa, Peter T. Witkowski, Detlev H. Krüger and Martin Zeier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:675
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of hospitalizations in children worldwide. The timing of seasonal RSV epidemics needs to be known in order to administer prophylaxis to high-risk infants at...

    Authors: Douglas B. Noveroske, Joshua L. Warren, Virginia E. Pitzer and Daniel M. Weinberger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:674
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in the developing world. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment is essential for effective TB control. The aim of this study was to determine the ...

    Authors: Senedu Bekele Gebreegziabher, Gunnar Aksel Bjune and Solomon Abebe Yimer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:673
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) testing is already part of cervical cancer screening programs in a number of countries. New tests need to be validated not only in clinical studies but also in routine s...

    Authors: Thomas Iftner, Lisa Wang, Angelika Iftner, Barbara Holz, Juliane Haedicke-Jarboui, Nathalie Iftner, Reinhard von Wasielewski, Peter Martus and Gerd Boehmer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:672
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The most frequent pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis is the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein δ is a transcription factor that has recently been hypothes...

    Authors: JanWillem Duitman, Mercedes Valls Serón, JooYeon Engelen-Lee, Matthijs C. Brouwer, C. Arnold Spek and Diederik van de Beek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:670
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Since early 2015, a large epidemic of Zika Virus (ZIKV) is spreading across South and Central America. An association between congenital neurological malformations (mainly microcephaly), other neurological man...

    Authors: Emanuele Nicastri, Raffaella Pisapia, Angela Corpolongo, Francesco Maria Fusco, Stefania Cicalini, Paola Scognamiglio, Concetta Castilletti, Licia Bordi, Antonino Di Caro, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Vincenzo Puro and Giuseppe Ippolito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:669
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. The effectiveness of hepatoprotective drugs for DIH (drug induced hepatotoxicity) during tuberculosis treatment is not clear. We evaluated the effectiveness of hepatoprotective drugs by comparing the period un...

    Authors: Zenya Saito, Yugo Kaneko, Akira Kinoshita, Yusuke Kurita, Kyuto Odashima, Tsugumi Horikiri, Yutaka Yoshii, Aya Seki, Yoshitaka Seki, Hiroshi Takeda and Kazuyoshi Kuwano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:668
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mucormycosis has emerged as a rare but frequently fatal invasive fungal disease. Current knowledge on paediatric mucormycosis is based on case reports and small series reported over several decades. Contempora...

    Authors: Zoi Dorothea Pana, Danila Seidel, Anna Skiada, Andreas H. Groll, Georgios Petrikkos, Oliver A. Cornely and Emmanuel Roilides
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:667
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Chickenpox vaccine is not included in the routine childhood vaccination programme in Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the baseline of national chickenpox disease burden, as comprehensive studies, ...

    Authors: Katarina Widgren, Johan Giesecke, Lars Lindquist and Anders Tegnell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:666
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Stable, co-habiting HIV serodiscordant couples are a key population in terms of heterosexual transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral treatment and HIV educational pr...

    Authors: Jiho Kim, Mastula Nanfuka, David Moore, Murisho Shafic, Maureen Nyonyitono, Josephine Birungi, Florence Galenda and Rachel King
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:665
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Data on tuberculosis (TB) among health care workers (HCW) and TB infection control (TBIC) indicators are rarely available at national level. We assessed multi-year trends in notification data of TB among HCW a...

    Authors: Edine W. Tiemersma, Nguyen Thien Huong, Pham Hoang Yen, Bui Thi Tinh, Tran Thi Bich Thuy, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Thanh Mai, Suzanne Verver, Agnes Gebhard and Nguyen Viet Nhung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:664
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Studies have shown that the immunosuppression induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accelerates the natural history of liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV), with 3- to 5-fold highe...

    Authors: Fatima Mitiko Tengan, Karim Yakub Ibrahim, Bianca Peixoto Dantas, Caroline Manchiero, Mariana Cavalheiro Magri and Wanderley Marques Bernardo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:663
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. South Africa has one of the highest burdens of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk populations such as young children, adolescents, household contacts of TB cases, people living with HIV, gold mi...

    Authors: Jabulani R. Ncayiyana, Jean Bassett, Nora West, Daniel Westreich, Eustasius Musenge, Michael Emch, Audrey Pettifor, Colleen F. Hanrahan, Sheree R. Schwartz, Ian Sanne and Annelies van Rie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:661
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Tuberculosis control program of Rwanda is currently phasing in light emitting diode-fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) as an alternative to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy. This, alongside the newly introduce...

    Authors: Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Willy Ssengooba, Florence Mutua, Gabriela Torrea, Augustin Dushime, Michel Gasana, Emmanuel Andre, Schifra Uwamungu, Alaine Umubyeyi Nyaruhirira, Dufton Mwaengo and Claude Mambo Muvunyi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:660
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. In the last decade hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. HEV is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. In countries like the Netherlands,...

    Authors: S. Sadik, G. G. C. van Rijckevorsel, M. S. van Rooijen, G. J. B. Sonder and S. M. Bruisten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:659
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The current roll-out of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in many endemic countries has resulted in the reporting of fewer cases of malaria-attributed illnesses. However, lack of knowledge of the prevalence of oth...

    Authors: Olivia A. Achonduh-Atijegbe, Kenji O. Mfuh, Aristid H. E. Mbange, Jean P. Chedjou, Diane W. Taylor, Vivek R. Nerurkar, Wilfred F. Mbacham and Rose Leke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:658
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is believed to be frequent in developing countries. Transmission is usually through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, although airborne contagion is possi...

    Authors: Pedro Torres-Gonzalez, Miguel E. Cervera-Hernandez, Areli Martinez-Gamboa, Lourdes Garcia-Garcia, Luis P. Cruz-Hervert, Miriam Bobadilla-del Valle, Alfredo Ponce-de Leon and Jose Sifuentes-Osornio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:657
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Clostridium difficile (CD) is a leading cause of diarrhoea among hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate, the optimal diagnostic work-up, and outcome of CD infections (CDI) in ...

    Authors: Giorgio Cioni, Pierluigi Viale, Stefania Frasson, Francesco Cipollini, Francesco Menichetti, Nicola Petrosillo, Sergio Brunati, Patrizia Spigaglia, Chiara Vismara, Alessandra Bielli, Fabrizio Barbanti, Giancarlo Landini, Grazia Panigada, Gualberto Gussoni, Erminio Bonizzoni and Giovanni Pietro Gesu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:656
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Ambulatory antibiotic prescribing contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance and increases societal costs. Here, we estimate the hidden societal cost of antibiotic resistance per antibiotic prescr...

    Authors: Constantinos I. Michaelidis, Michael J. Fine, Chyongchiou Jeng Lin, Jeffrey A. Linder, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Ryan K. Shields, Richard K. Zimmerman and Kenneth J. Smith
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:655
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Few studies have evaluated the impact of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) on response to combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in children. The objective of this joint EuroCoord-CHAIN-EPPICC/PENTA pro...

    Authors: Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Linda Wittkop, Ali Judd, Peter Reiss, Tessa Goetghebuer, Dan Duiculescu, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Magdalena Marczynska, Carlo Giacquinto, Luminita Ene, Jose T. Ramos, Cristina Cellerai, Thomas Klimkait, Benedicte Brichard, Niels Valerius, Caroline Sabin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:654
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. A switch of continuation phase tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen from Ethambutol (E) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 6 months (6EH) to Rifampicin (R) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 4 months (4RH) was re...

    Authors: Abyot Asres, Degu Jerene and Wakgari Deressa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:653
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of infections affecting all soft tissues. NSTI involves necrosis of the afflicted tissue and is potentially life threatening due to major and rapid destru...

    Authors: Vibeke Børsholt Rudkjøbing, Trine Rolighed Thomsen, Yijuan Xu, Rachael Melton-Kreft, Azad Ahmed, Steffen Eickhardt, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Steen Seier Poulsen, Per Halkjær Nielsen, Joshua P. Earl, Garth D. Ehrlich and Claus Moser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:652
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which represents the leading cause of meningitis in Southeast Asia and an emerging pathogen in the Western world, the main risk factor for infection being contact with pi...

    Authors: Mireille Prince-David, Mounerou Salou, Corinne Marois-Créhan, Komi Assogba, Céline Plainvert, Koffi A. Balogou, Claire Poyart and Asmaa Tazi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:651
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. The epidemic patterns of influenza B infection and their association with climate conditions are not well understood. Influenza surveillance in Okinawa is important for clarifying transmission patterns in both...

    Authors: Yoshikazu Iha, Takeshi Kinjo, Gretchen Parrott, Futoshi Higa, Hideaki Mori and Jiro Fujita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:650
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Pneumococcus kills over one million children annually and over 90 % of these deaths occur in low-income countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where HIV exacerbates the disease burden. In SSA, seroty...

    Authors: Chrispin Chaguza, Jennifer E. Cornick, Simon R. Harris, Cheryl P. Andam, Laura Bricio-Moreno, Marie Yang, Feyruz Yalcin, Sani Ousmane, Shanil Govindpersad, Madikay Senghore, Chinelo Ebruke, Mignon Du Plessis, Anmol M. Kiran, Gerd Pluschke, Betuel Sigauque, Lesley McGee…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:649
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo ...

    Authors: Jiří Beran, Eva Šalapová and Marian Špajdel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:648
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Central Africa, a region with the unusual peculiarity to be hyperendemic for infections with Hepatitis B, C and D viruses. However, data estima...

    Authors: Marie Atsama Amougou, Dominique Noah Noah, Paul Fewou Moundipa, Pascal Pineau and Richard Njouom
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:647
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The demographic composition and the frequency and nature of social contacts may affect the spread of influenza virus in a population, resulting in distinct age-dependent immunity patterns. As demography and so...

    Authors: Ruprecht Schmidt-Ott, Markus Schwehm and Martin Eichner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:646
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults even in developed countries. Several lifestyle factors and comorbidities have been linked to an increased risk, although...

    Authors: I. Rivero-Calle, J. Pardo-Seco, P. Aldaz, D. A. Vargas, E. Mascarós, E. Redondo, J. L. Díaz-Maroto, M. Linares-Rufo, M. J. Fierro-Alacio, A. Gil, J. Molina, D. Ocaña and Federico Martinón-Torres
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:645
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:64

  33. Acute pancreatitis is identified as an atypical and rare presentation of leptospirosis. In this report, we discuss a case series of severe leptospirosis with pancreatitis as a main complication during an unusu...

    Authors: N. J. Herath, C. J. Kamburapola and S. B. Agampodi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:644
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide among people of all ages and the leading cause of gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in various settings. To clarify the differ...

    Authors: Makoto Kumazaki and Shuzo Usuku
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:643
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Although many studies have modelled the national burdens of hospitalizations and deaths due to influenza, few studies have considered the outpatient burden. To fill this gap for the United States (US), we appl...

    Authors: Gonçalo Matias, François Haguinet, Roger L. Lustig, Laurel Edelman, Gerardo Chowell and Robert J. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:641
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. TB and HIV are the most prevalent communicable diseases of major public health importance in the populations of sub-Saharan African countries, and an estimated 30 % of HIV infected persons have dual infection ...

    Authors: Solomon Ahmed Ali, Thandisizwe R. Mavundla, Ribka Fantu and Tadesse Awoke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:640
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Neisseria meningitidis colonizes humans and transmits mainly by asymptomatic carriage. We sought to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in Ethiopia prior to the introduction of Men...

    Authors: Guro K. Bårnes, Paul A. Kristiansen, Demissew Beyene, Bereket Workalemahu, Paulos Fissiha, Behailu Merdekios, Jon Bohlin, Marie-Pierre Préziosi, Abraham Aseffa and Dominique A. Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The Emergency Department (ED) is a frequent site of antibiotic use; poor adherence with evidence-based guidelines and broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse is common. Our objective was to determine rates and predi...

    Authors: Catherine Zatorski, Mark Zocchi, Sara E. Cosgrove, Cynthia Rand, Gillian Brooks and Larissa May
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:638
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (NH) residents and their caregivers is limited. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infec...

    Authors: Tina Uršič, Nina Gorišek Miksić, Lara Lusa, Franc Strle and Miroslav Petrovec
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:637
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Despite the availability of TB infection control guidelines, and good levels of healthcare worker knowledge about infection control, often these measures are not well implemented. This study sought to determin...

    Authors: Michelle Engelbrecht, André Janse van Rensburg, Gladys Kigozi and HCJ (Dingie) van Rensburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:633
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Since the identification in early 2013 of severe disease caused by influenza A(H7N9) virus infection, there have been few attempts to characterize the full severity profile of human infections. Our objective w...

    Authors: Yong Ping Lin, Zi Feng Yang, Ying Liang, Zheng Tu Li, Helen S. Bond, Huiying Chua, Ya Sha Luo, Yuan Chen, Ting Ting Chen, Wen Da Guan, Jimmy Chun Cheong Lai, Yu Lam Siu, Si Hua Pan, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling and Chris Ka PunMok
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:632
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:286

  46. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiologic...

    Authors: Sowath Ly, Sirenda Vong, Philippe Cavailler, Elizabeth Mumford, Channa Mey, Sareth Rith, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, San Sorn, Touch Sok, Arnaud Tarantola and Philippe Buchy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:631
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tourniquet test (TT) for dengue diagnosing. To our knowledge, no previous study with such a large sample, of this duration, with as many laboratory meth...

    Authors: Nathália Barbosa Furlan, Caroline Tukasan, Cássia Fernanda Estofolete, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira and Natal Santos da Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Point-of-care (POC) tests are an important strategy to address the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The leucocyte esterase test (LET) can be used as a POC test for chlamydia. The aim of this...

    Authors: Menne Bartelsman, Henry J. C. de Vries, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Leslie O. A. Sabajo and Jannie J. van der Helm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:625
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Ever since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] discovered in India, several outbreaks of this disease have been recorded in Gujarat State, India. During the year 2011 to 2015 several districts of Gujarat an...

    Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Deepak Y. Patil, Anita M. Shete, Prasad Kokate, Pulkit Goyal, Santosh Jadhav, Sanjeev Sinha, Divya Zawar, Surendra K. Sharma, Arti Kapil, D. K. Sharma, Kamlesh J. Upadhyay and Devendra T. Mourya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:624
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. The prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing and the therapeutic options are limited, especially in primary care. ...

    Authors: Fardod O’Kelly, Siobhan Kavanagh, Rustom Manecksha, John Thornhill and Jérôme P. Fennell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:620
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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