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  1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and outbreaks have occurred worldwide. Laboratory test results are an important basis for clinicians to determi...

    Authors: Song-Mao Ouyang, Hong-Quan Zhu, Ying-Na Xie, Zhi-Sheng Zou, Hui-Min Zuo, Yun-Wei Rao, Xiao-Yan Liu, Bin Zhong and Xin Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:952
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacteria involved in severe infections of the lung, skin, or soft tissue. Macrolides such as clarithromycin are the recommended first line drugs for treatment of M...

    Authors: Meenu Kaushal Sharma, Yanni La, Debra Janella and Hafid Soualhine
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:944
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection swept through Wuhan and spread across China and overseas beginning in December 2019. To identify predictors associated with disease progre...

    Authors: Ping Yi, Xiang Yang, Cheng Ding, Yanfei Chen, Kaijin Xu, Qing Ni, Hong Zhao, Yongtao Li, Xuan Zhang, Jun Liu, Jifang Sheng and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:943
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. There is limited information about prognostic markers that could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with ...

    Authors: Josefina Robertson, Johanna M. Gostner, Staffan Nilsson, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Dietmar Fuchs and Magnus Gisslen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:942
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization (PNC) generally precedes pneumococcal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PNC and to identify the pneumococcal serotypes circulating a...

    Authors: Sophie Jullien, Ragunath Sharma, Mimi Lhamu Mynak, Desiree Henares, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro and Quique Bassat
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:940
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. There are still controversies regarding the treatment and outcomes in culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial therapy, assessment ...

    Authors: Dongwoo Yu, Sang Woo Kim and Ikchan Jeon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:939
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting the Colombian National Army due to the high number of reported cases and exposure throughout military operations in endemic areas. The m...

    Authors: Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas, Julie Pérez, Luz H. Patino, Juan David Ramírez, Maria Clara Duque, Yanira Romero, Omar Cantillo-Barraza, Omaira Rodríguez, Maria Teresa Alvarado, Claudia Cruz and Claudia Méndez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:938
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. There is scarce evidence that tuberculosis (TB) can cause diabetes in those not previously known to be diabetic. Whilst the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) at th...

    Authors: Sonia Menon, Rodolfo Rossi, Alfred Dusabimana, Natasha Zdraveska, Samit Bhattacharyya and Joel Francis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:937
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In spite of the evident general negative effects of armed conflict on countries’ health systems and populations’ health outcomes, little is known about similar impacts of conflicts on the spread of antimicrobi...

    Authors: Claudia Truppa and Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:936
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Identifying risk factors for severe novel-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is useful to ascertain which patients may benefit from advanced supportive care. The study offers a description of COVID-19 patients, ad...

    Authors: Anna Maria Cattelan, Eugenia Di Meco, Marco Trevenzoli, Alessia Frater, Anna Ferrari, Marco Villano, Federica Gomiero, Giovanni Carretta and Lolita Sasset
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:934
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) may impede immune responses in tuberculosis (TB) and thus contribute to enhanced disease severity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate DM-mediated alterations in clinical, radiolo...

    Authors: Akhirunnesa Mily, Protim Sarker, Inin Taznin, Delwar Hossain, Md. Ahsanul Haq, S. M. Mostofa Kamal, Birgitta Agerberth, Susanna Brighenti and Rubhana Raqib
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:933
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Trans-women sex workers bear the greatest brunt of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). Trans-women are 49 times more at risk of HIV infections compared to the general population. However, they...

    Authors: Tonny Ssekamatte, John Bosco Isunju, Muyanga Naume, Esther Buregyeya, Richard K. Mugambe, Rhoda K. Wanyenze and Justine N. Bukenya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:932
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Evaluate the safety and efficacy of 104-week regimen of Telbivudine(LdT)-based optimization strategy for Chinese patients who have chronic hepatits B(CHB) with HBeAg-negative.

    Authors: Weiqiang Gan, Jianguo Li, Chunlan Zhang, Xuefu Chen, Chaoshuang Lin and Zhiliang Gao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:931
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the e...

    Authors: Yuan Yuan, Jun He, Lei Gong, Weiwei Li, Liangliang Jiang, Jiang Liu, Qingqing Chen, Junling Yu, Sai Hou, Yonglin Shi, Siqi Lu, Zhuhui Zhang, Yinglu Ge, Nan Sa, Lan He, Jiabing Wu…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:930
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with direct acting antiviral therapy results in viral elimination in over 90% of cases. The duration of treatment required to achieve cure differs between indiv...

    Authors: Cody Orr, Wenjie Xu, Henry Masur, Shyam Kottilil and Eric G. Meissner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:929
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Cigarette smoking has emerged as a leading cause of mortality among people with hepatitis C virus (HCV). People who inject drugs (PWID) represent the largest group of adults infected with HCV in the US. Howeve...

    Authors: Irene Pericot-Valverde, Moonseong Heo, Matthew J. Akiyama, Brianna L. Norton, Linda Agyemang, Jiajing Niu and Alain H. Litwin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:928
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Thailand is home to around 69 million individuals. Dengue is hyper-endemic and all 4 serotypes are in active circulation in the country. Dengue outbreaks occur almost annually within Thailand in at least one p...

    Authors: Jue Tao Lim, Yiting Han, Borame Sue Lee Dickens, Esther Li Wen Choo, Lawrence Zheng Xiong Chew and Alex R. Cook
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:927
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. To reach non-participants, reluctant to undergo clinician-based cervical cancer screening and vaginal self-sampling, urine collection for high-risk human papillomavirus detection (hrHPV) may be valuable. Using...

    Authors: Mette Tranberg, Jørgen Skov Jensen, Bodil Hammer Bech and Berit Andersen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:926
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Not all men who have sex with men (MSM) at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection currently receive sexual healthcare. To increase the coverage of high...

    Authors: J. Leenen, C. J. P. A. Hoebe, R. P. Ackens, D. Posthouwer, I. H. M. van Loo, P. F. G. Wolffs and N. H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers*
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:925
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in young children is often clinically indistinguishable from other common respiratory illnesses, which are frequently infections of viral aetiology. As little i...

    Authors: M. M. van der Zalm, E. Walters, M. Claassen, M. Palmer, J. A. Seddon, A.M. Demers, M. L. Shaw, E. D. McCollum, G. U. van Zyl and A. C. Hesseling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:924
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. This study aims to evaluate specific risk factors influencing prognosis of HIV-infected patients with toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) in order to develop a prognostic risk scoring system for them.

    Authors: Yao Li, Yan-Ming Zeng, Min Liu, Yan-Qiu Lu, Xue-Yan Liu, Yu-Lin Zhang, Zhong-Sheng Jiang, Tong-Tong Yang, Yan Sun, Ke Lan and Yao-Kai Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:923
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative, obligate aerobic coccobacillus known to cause disease in domesticated animals and pets. In humans, B. bronchiseptica commonly leads to respiratory infections like pne...

    Authors: Christopher Radcliffe, Audun Lier, Natnael Doilicho, Sunil Parikh and Firas Kaddouh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:922
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. In 2016 and 2017, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection outbreaks occurred in two communities in southern Thailand. This re-immerging infection can widely spread by mosquito bites and cause serious complications in a ce...

    Authors: Theerut Densathaporn, Rassamee Sangthong, Monvaris Sakolnapa, Smonrapat Surasombatpattana, Marisa Kemapunmanus, Promsin Masrinoul, Sutee Yoksan, Edward B. McNeil and Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:921
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a natural epidemic disease caused by various types of viruses of the genus Hantavirus, which are mainly transmitted by contact with the infected rodents and their ...

    Authors: Xiang Ying, Xiaoli Lai, Xiaoxiao Jin, Linghong Cai and Xiaotian Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:920
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. The highly complex and largely neglected Chagas disease (CD) has become a global health problem due to population movements between Latin America and non-endemic countries, as well as non-vectorial transmissio...

    Authors: Jessica Michelle Guggenbühl Noller, Guenter Froeschl, Philip Eisermann, Johannes Jochum, Stefanie Theuring, Ingrid Reiter-Owona, Alfred Lennart Bissinger, Michael Hoelscher, Abhishek Bakuli, Franz-Josef Falkner von Sonnenburg, Camilla Rothe, Gisela Bretzel, Pedro Albajar-Viñas, Lise Grout and Michael Pritsch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:919
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. High rates of Adverse Events (AEs) during treatment is one of the leading causes of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). However, information related to AEs ...

    Authors: Arjunkumar Jakasania, Kalpita Shringarpure, Dixit Kapadia, Radhika Sharma, Kedar Mehta, Arpit Prajapati and Soundappan Kathirvel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:918
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Brazil became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America since May 2020, reporting the highest number of cases and deaths in the region. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV...

    Authors: Carolina Palamin Buonafine, Beatriz Nobre Monteiro Paiatto, Fabyano Bruno Leal, Samantha Faria de Matos, Camila Ohomoto de Morais, Giovanna Guazzelli Guerra, Marcus Vinicius Vidal Martuchelli, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Edison Luiz Durigon, Camila Pereira Soares, Erika Donizette Candido, Bruna Larotonda Telezynski, Marco Aurélio Palazzi Sáfadi and Flávia Jacqueline Almeida
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:917
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (Kp-BSI) is a serious threat to pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to explore the risk factors, validate the prediction efficiency of pediatric Sequent...

    Authors: Shuang Li, Jingxian Liu, Feng Chen, Kang Cai, Jintong Tan, Wei Xie, Rong Qian, Xiaoqin Liu, Wenhong Zhang, Huimin Du, Ying Liu and Lisu Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:916
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The spleen contains immune cells and exhibits a pattern of infarction different from other organs; as such, splenic infarction (SI) may provide important clues to infection. However, the nature of the relation...

    Authors: Jae Hyoung Im, Moon-Hyun Chung, Hye-Jin Lee, Hea Yoon Kwon, Ji Hyeon Baek, Ji-Hun Jang and Jin-Soo Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:915
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Describing transmission dynamics of the outbreak and impact of intervention measures are critical to planning responses to future outbreaks and providing timely information to guide policy makers decision. We ...

    Authors: Khouloud Talmoudi, Mouna Safer, Hejer Letaief, Aicha Hchaichi, Chahida Harizi, Sonia Dhaouadi, Sondes Derouiche, Ilhem Bouaziz, Donia Gharbi, Nourhene Najar, Molka Osman, Ines Cherif, Rym Mlallekh, Oumaima Ben-Ayed, Yosr Ayedi, Leila Bouabid…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:914
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Influenza B is often perceived as a less severe strain of influenza. The epidemiology and clinical outcomes of influenza B have been less thoroughly investigated in hospitalised patients. The aims of this stud...

    Authors: Yogesh Sharma, Chris Horwood, Paul Hakendorf and Campbell Thompson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:913
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Despite the profound impact of antiretroviral therapy in the control of AIDS mortality, central nervous system opportunistic infections remains a significant burden in AIDS patients. This retrospective study a...

    Authors: Liang Wu, Jiang Xiao, Yangzi Song, Guiju Gao and Hongxin Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:912
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Human Sapoviruses (SaVs) has been reported as one of the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. An outbreak of SaVs affected 482 primary school students during spring activities from Februa...

    Authors: Yuxiao Yan, Yuan Li, Wen Shi, Xiangyu Kong, Huiying Li, Qing Zhang, Lili Pang, Li Jiang, Junying Liu, Miao Jin, Yuning Li and Zhaojun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:911
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Both COVID-19 and influenza A contribute to increased mortality among the elderly and those with existing comorbidities. Changes in the underlying immune mechanisms determine patient prognosis. This study aime...

    Authors: Fang Qian, Guiju Gao, Yangzi Song, Yanli Xu, Aibin Wang, Sa Wang, Yiwei Hao, Meiling Chen, Xiaoyang Ma, Tianwei Zhao, Xiaodi Guo, Zhihai Chen and Fujie Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:910
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence of P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) strains (cases) in terms of biofilm production and other phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors...

    Authors: Beatriz Alonso, Laia Fernández-Barat, Enea Gino Di Domenico, Mercedes Marín, Emilia Cercenado, Irene Merino, Manuela de Pablos, Patricia Muñoz and María Guembe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:909
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:951

  38. Diarrhoea, affecting children in developing countries, is mainly caused by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). This study principally aimed to determine the prevalence of DEC pathotypes and Extended-spectrum β-...

    Authors: Rasha M. M. Khairy, Zahra Atef Fathy, Doaa Mohamed Mahrous, Ebtisam S. Mohamed and Soha S. Abdelrahim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:908
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infections, usually related to upper airways involvement, could be highly invasive. Especially in developing countries, non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains are now em...

    Authors: Antonio de Santis, Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano, Roney Orismar Sampaio, Masahiko Akamine, Elinthon T. Veronese, Francisco Monteiro de Almeida Magalhaes, Maria Rita Elmor Araújo, Flavia Rossi, Marcelo M. C. Magri, Ana Catharina Nastri, Tarso A. D. Accorsi, Vitor E. E. Rosa, David Provenzale Titinger, Guilherme S. Spina and Flavio Tarasoutchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:907
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can pose serious health problems for the fetus. However, the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged population in Myanmar is larg...

    Authors: Khin Myo Aye, Eiji Nagayasu, Myat Htut Nyunt, Ni Ni Zaw, Kyaw Zin Thant, Myat Phone Kyaw and Haruhiko Maruyama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:906
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Estimate the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ), its complications and healthcare utilization rates in adults (≥ 18-years-old) with a wide range of immunocompromised (IC) conditions compared to IC-free cohort.

    Authors: Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Mónica López-Lacort, Javier Díez-Domingo and Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:905
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major human threat, as evidenced by the large numbers of cases and deaths, particularly in developing countries with poor economic and educational statuses. Myanmar has one of the highes...

    Authors: Theint Theint Lwin, Tawatchai Apidechkul, Jongkon Saising, Panupong Upala, Ratipark Tamornpark, Chalitar Chomchoei, Fartima Yeemard, Wipob Suttana and Rachanee Sunsern
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:904
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The diagnosis of non-malarial aetiologies, which now represent the majority of febrile illnesses, has remained problematic in settings with limited laboratory capacity. We aimed to describe common aetiologies ...

    Authors: Techalew Shimelis, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Fitsum W/Gebriel, John A. Crump, Gill Schierhout, Sabine Dittrich, John M Kaldor and Susana Vaz Nery
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:903
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Following delivery by caesarean section, surgical site infection is the most common infectious complication. Despite a large number of caesarean sections performed at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, there was ...

    Authors: Daniel Bekele Ketema, Fasil Wagnew, Moges Agazhe Assemie, Aster Ferede, Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Pammla Petrucka, Animut Takele Telayneh and Animut Alebel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:902
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) presents heterogeneously, owing to the differences in underlying host conditions and immune responses. Although Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important in recognizing S. au...

    Authors: Nak-Hyun Kim, Ji Yeon Sung, Yoon Jung Choi, Su-Jin Choi, Soyeon Ahn, Eunjeong Ji, Moonsuk Kim, Chung Jong Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Eu Suk Kim, Kyoung Un Park, Nam-Joong Kim, Myoung-don Oh and Hong Bin Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:901
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. South Africa has one of the highest tuberculosis incidence rates. Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to descr...

    Authors: Tessa du Toit, Tonya M. Esterhuizen, Nicki Tiffin, Ahmed A. Abulfathi, Helmuth Reuter and Eric H. Decloedt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:900
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. COVID-19 has become a major global threat. The present study aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict the survival of COVID-19 patients based on their clinical and laboratory data at admission.

    Authors: Xiaojun Ma, Huifang Wang, Junwei Huang, Yan Geng, Shuqi Jiang, Qiuping Zhou, Xuan Chen, Hongping Hu, Weifeng Li, Chengbin Zhou, Xinglin Gao, Na Peng and Yiyu Deng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:899
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Plasma proteins are known to interfere the drug metabolism during therapy. As limited information is available regarding the role of plasma proteins in HIV drug resistance during ART in HIV/AIDS patients, the ...

    Authors: Sushanta Kumar Barik, Keshar Kunja Mohanty, Ashok Kumar Mohanty, Preeti Rawat, G. Gopal, Deepa Bisht, Shripad A. Patil, Rananjay Singh, Devesh Sharma, Srikanth Prasad Tripathy, Rekha Tandon, Tej Pal Singh and Srikanta Jena
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:898
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Belgium was among the first countries in Europe with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Since the first diagnosis on February 3rd, the epidemic has quickly evolved, with Belgium at the crossr...

    Authors: Karlijn van Halem, Robin Bruyndonckx, Jeroen van der Hilst, Janneke Cox, Paulien Driesen, Matthias Opsomer, Eveline Van Steenkiste, Björn Stessel, Jasperina Dubois and Peter Messiaen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:897
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:956

  50. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Naser Gharebaghi, Rahim Nejadrahim, Seyed Jalil Mousavi, Seyyed-Reza Sadat-Ebrahimi and Reza Hajizadeh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:895
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:786

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