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  1. Brazil has a high leprosy burden and poor treatment outcomes (TOs), manifesting in high relapse rates. Pernambuco, an impoverished Brazilian state suffering notable geographical health inequalities, has ‘hyperend...

    Authors: Divya Khanna, Gilles de Wildt, Luiz Antonio Miranda de Souza Duarte Filho, Mitali Bajaj, Jo Freda Lai, Esme Gardiner, Andrea Maia Fernandes de Araújo Fonseca, Antje Lindenmeyer and Patrícia Sammarco Rosa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Tuberculosis is a major global public health concern. Patients with tuberculosis who require critical care have a high mortality and delay in initiating antituberculous therapy is associated with increased mor...

    Authors: Kim de Vasconcellos, Praksha Ramjathan and Dhivendra Singh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Brucellosis is a major public health problem that seriously affects developing countries and could cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry and great harm to human health. Reasonable predict...

    Authors: Mengmeng Zhai, Wenhan Li, Ping Tie, Xuchun Wang, Tao Xie, Hao Ren, Zhuang Zhang, Weimei Song, Dichen Quan, Meichen Li, Limin Chen and Lixia Qiu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:280
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Case fatality ratio (CFR) among all age groups during the 2016–2018 measles outbreak in Romania was increased compared with previous outbreaks. To identify risk factors for measles death, we conducted a case-c...

    Authors: Morgane Donadel, Aurora Stanescu, Adriana Pistol, Brock Stewart, Cassandra Butu, Dragan Jankovic, Bogdan Paunescu and Laura Zimmerman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Axel Ursenbach, Frédéric Schramm, François Séverac, Yves Hansmann, Nicolas Lefebvre, Yvon Ruch and Xavier Argemi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:276
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:190

  6. Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) requires spatial proximity between infectious cases and susceptible persons. We assess activity space overlap among MDRTB cases and community controls t...

    Authors: David P. Bui, Shruthi S. Chandran, Eyal Oren, Heidi E. Brown, Robin B. Harris, Gwenan M. Knight and Louis Grandjean
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In 2010-2011, we conducted a social contact survey in Flanders, Belgium, aimed at improving and extending the design of the first social contact survey conducted in Belgium in 2006. This second social contact ...

    Authors: Thang Van Hoang, Pietro Coletti, Yimer Wasihun Kifle, Kim Van Kerckhove, Sarah Vercruysse, Lander Willem, Philippe Beutels and Niel Hens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nationally and internationally, is a serious threat to the management and control of gonorrhoea. Limited and conflicting data r...

    Authors: Susanne Jacobsson, Michelle J. Cole, Gianfranco Spiteri, Michaela Day and Magnus Unemo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health problem. China has the second highest TB burden in the world. With a growing TB population with diabetes mellitus (DM), the TB control system faces ...

    Authors: Wenhui Xiao, Dajiang Huang, Saiqiong Li, Shangcheng Zhou, Xiaolin Wei, Bin Chen and Guanyang Zou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In the future, co-circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses A/B is likely. From a clinical point of view, differentiation of the two disease entities is ...

    Authors: Pablo Sieber, Domenica Flury, Sabine Güsewell, Werner C. Albrich, Katia Boggian, Céline Gardiol, Matthias Schlegel, Robert Sieber, Pietro Vernazza and Philipp Kohler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Neonatal ocular prophylaxis with silver nitrate does not prevent neonatal conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis. The efficacy of antibiotic containing preparations for prevention of neonatal chlamydial conj...

    Authors: Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz, Crystal Ukaegbu, Stephan Kohlhoff and Margaret R. Hammerschlag
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a neglected tropical disease, represents a significant public health problem in many endemic countries including Yemen. The ongoing armed conflict that started in March 2015 has h...

    Authors: Talal H. Alharazi, Najoua Haouas and Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Chlorhexidine is a widely used disinfectant in clinical settings and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. However, disinfectant resistant or non-susceptible ba...

    Authors: Fei Lin, Bin Yu, Qinghui Wang, Mingyong Yuan and Baodong Ling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses ...

    Authors: Yuri Ushijima, Haruka Abe, Georgelin Nguema Ondo, Rodrigue Bikangui, Marguerite Massinga Loembé, Vahid R. Zadeh, Joseph G. E. Essimengane, Armel V. N. Mbouna, Emmanuel B. Bache, Selidji T. Agnandji, Bertrand Lell and Jiro Yasuda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Rapid identification of pathogenic Mycobacterium species is critical for a successful treatment. However, traditional method is time-consuming and cannot discriminate isolated non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) ...

    Authors: Qing Zhang, Heping Xiao and Liping Yan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has critically impacted the spread of infection within nursing facilities. We evaluated t...

    Authors: Yong Chong, Naoki Tani, Hideyuki Ikematsu, Nobuto Terazawa, Hitoshi Nakashima, Nobuyuki Shimono, Koichi Akashi and Yosuke Tanaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors have been postulated to influence susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study investigated whether there is an associati...

    Authors: Shamil Haroon, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Jennifer Cooper, Astha Anand, Krishna Gokhale, Nathan Byne, Samir Dhalla, Dionisio Acosta-Mena, Thomas Taverner, Kelvin Okoth, Jingya Wang, Joht Singh Chandan, Christopher Sainsbury, Dawit Tefra Zemedikun, G. Neil Thomas, Dhruv Parekh…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Tuberculosis is a devastating and a deadly disease despite the novel advances in its diagnostic tools and drug therapy. Drug resistant Mycobacterium contributes a great share to tuberculosis mortality. Status of ...

    Authors: Fikru Gashaw, Berhanu Erko, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen, Bazezew Yenew, Misikir Amare, Balako Gumi and Gobena Ameni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Hand transmission of harmful microorganisms may lead to infections and poses a major threat to patients and healthcare workers in healthcare settings. The most effective countermeasure against these transmissi...

    Authors: J. M. van Niekerk, A. Stein, M. H. E. Doting, M. Lokate, L. M. A. Braakman-Jansen and J. E. W. C. van Gemert-Pijnen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Plasmodium cynomolgi is a simian malaria parasite that has been reported as a naturally acquired human infection. The present study aims to systematically review reports on naturally acquired P. cynomolgi in huma...

    Authors: Manas Kotepui, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui and Giovanni De Jesus Milanez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Understanding the epidemiological parameters that determine the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for public health intervention. Globally, a number of studies were conducted to estimate the avera...

    Authors: Muluneh Alene, Leltework Yismaw, Moges Agazhe Assemie, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Wodaje Gietaneh and Tilahun Yemanu Birhan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emergency turned into global public health after the first patients were detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease rapidly expanded and led to an...

    Authors: Farnaz Karimi, Amir Abbas Vaezi, Mostafa Qorbani, Fatemeh Moghadasi, Saeed Hassani Gelsfid, Arman Maghoul, Neda Mahmoodi, Zahra Eskandari, Hossein Gholami, Zakiye Mokhames and Mahshid Saleh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to be a priority health problem; According to the World Health Organization data from October 13, 2020, 37,704,153 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported, including 1,079...

    Authors: Carlos Alfonso Romero-Gameros, Tania Colin-Martínez, Salomón Waizel-Haiat, Guadalupe Vargas-Ortega, Eduardo Ferat-Osorio, José Alberto Guerrero-Paz, Marielle Intriago-Alor, Mayra Alejandra López-Moreno, Carlos Fredy Cuevas-García, Victoria Mendoza-Zubieta, Jose Luis Martínez-Ordaz and Baldomero González-Virla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Chinese population has a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the impact of which on pregnancy outcome remains controversial. A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed i...

    Authors: Qian Sun, Terence T. Lao, Mingyu Du, Min Xie, Yonghu Sun, Bing Bai, Junnan Ma, Tianying Zhu, Shengnan Yu and Runmei Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Typically, CMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes diseases of the retina, digestive tract, lungs and liver, but...

    Authors: Morichika Osa, Akihiro Sato, Maki Sakagami, Masaki Machida, Takao Sato, Ayaka Tsukimori, Shinji Fukushima, Itaru Nakamura, Ryo Akai, Kiyoaki Tsukahara and Hidehiro Watanabe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:252
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Infants with bronchiolitis have an increased risk of developing recurrent wheezing and asthma. However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial. Our...

    Authors: Sainan Chen, Wenjing Gu, Min Wu, Chuangli Hao, Canhong Zhu, Xuejun Shao and Yuqing Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Presymptomatic COVID-19 patients have been identified as a major stumbling block in efforts to break the chain of transmission. Studies on temporal dynamics of its shedding suggests it peaks 1–2 days prior to ...

    Authors: Juen Kiem Tan, Dalleen Leong, Hemalatha Munusamy, Nor Hazwani Zenol Ariffin, Najma Kori, Rozita Hod and Petrick Periyasamy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Human noroviruses are one of the main causes of foodborne illnesses and represent a serious public health concern. Rapid and sensitive assays for human norovirus detection are undoubtedly necessary for clinica...

    Authors: Zhiwei Qin, Liang Xue, Weicheng Cai, Junshan Gao, Yueting Jiang, Jiale Yang, Yanhui Liang, Linping Wang, Jumei Zhang, Yongdan Hu and Qingping Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Tetanus is a rare, vaccine-preventable but extremely serious disease. We investigated the recent trend of the clinical outcomes and medical costs for inpatients with tetanus in South Korea over 10 years.

    Authors: Sohyun Bae, Minsik Go, Yoonjung Kim, Soyoon Hwang, Shin-Woo Kim, Ki Tae Kwon, Sook-In Jung and Hyun-Ha Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by parasitic infection by Echinococcus multilocularis. Its diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, and other imaging methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play im...

    Authors: Cao Deping, Jiang Bofan, Zhang Yaogang and Pang Mingquan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Based on differences in populations and prevention and control measures, the spread of new coronary pneumonia in different countries and regions also differs. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility...

    Authors: Qinglong Zhao, Yao Wang, Meng Yang, Meina Li, Zeyu Zhao, Xinrong Lu, Bo Shen, Bo Luan, Yifei Zhao, Bonan Cao, Laishun Yao, Benhua Zhao, Yanhua Su and Tianmu Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. During the last six decades, extensive use of antibiotics has selected resistant strains, increasing the rate of fatal infectious diseases, and exerting an economic burden on society. This situation is widely ...

    Authors: Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Tayyab Rehman, Muhammad Fazal Hameed and Xingyuan Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Sniffer dogs are able to detect certain chemical particles and are suggest to be capable of helping diagnose some medical conditions and complications, such as colorectal cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, and ...

    Authors: Esmaeil Eskandari, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Hassan Roudgari, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Amir Nezami-Asl, Reza Laripour, Helen Aliyazdi, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam, Ramin Zibaseresht, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk, Hamidreza Shiri and Mahdi Shiri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Previous studies have indicated that the risk of infectious disease spread is greatest in locations where a population has massive and convenient access to the epicenter of an outbreak. However, the spatiotemp...

    Authors: Li Wang, Chengdong Xu, Jinfeng Wang, Jiajun Qiao, Mingtao Yan and Qiankun Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Cytokine storm triggered by Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality. With high Interleukin -6 (IL-6) levels reported in COVID-19 related deaths in China, IL-6 is considered...

    Authors: Yojana Gokhale, Rakshita Mehta, Uday Kulkarni, Nitin Karnik, Sushant Gokhale, Uma Sundar, Swati Chavan, Akshay Kor, Sonal Thakur, Trupti Trivedi, Naveen Kumar, Sujata Baveja, Aniket Wadal, Shaonak Kolte, Aukshan Deolankar, Sangeeta Pednekar…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is important, and laboratory tests help diagnose CNS infections. Even when the patient has symptoms, laboratory tests often do not reveal...

    Authors: Young Jin Kim, Hương Giang Lê, Byoung-Kuk Na, Bo Gyu Kim, Youn-Kwan Jung, Mutbyul Kim, Heeyoung Kang and Min-Chul Cho
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a leading cause for chronic liver diseases worldwide. The European Union and World Health Organization aspire to eliminate HCV by 2030. However, among at-risk populations, including,...

    Authors: Shannon Glaspy, Gordana Avramovic, Tina McHugh, Cristiana Oprea, Julian Surey, Irina Ianache, Juan Macías, Alistair Story, Walter Cullen and John S. Lambert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The sputum smear bacilliary load is a fundamental indicator of the level of infectiousness in DR-TB patients. However, evidence on DR-TB sputum smear grading and its factors in the study setting is limited. Th...

    Authors: Getahun Molla Kassa, Mehari Woldemariam Merid, Atalay Goshu Muluneh and Dawit Tefera Fentie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Healthcare workers are usually the first responders during outbreaks and are instrumental in educating the populace about the prevention of different diseases and illnesses. The aim of this study was to assess...

    Authors: Donya L. Francis, Utoomporn Wongsin, Shuo-Chen Chien, Yi-Hsin ( Elsa) Hsu, Franziska Michaela Lohmeyer, Wen-Shan Jian, Li-Fong Lin and Usman Iqbal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Patients with injection drug use (IDU) have increased risk of developing infective endocarditis (IE). Previous studies have reported recurrent IE, increased duration of hospital stay, poor adherence and compli...

    Authors: Anna Damlin and Katarina Westling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata in three hospitals associated with the unintended ...

    Authors: Elvira Garza-González, Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias, Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega, Esteban González-Díaz, Jesús Silva-Sanchez, Ulises Garza-Ramos, Iván Fernando Contreras-Coronado-Tovar, José Ecil Santos-Hernández, David Gutiérrez-Bañuelos, Juan Pablo Mena-Ramirez, Saúl Ramírez-De-los-Santos, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz and Rayo Morfín-Otero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Although there are reports of otolaryngological symptoms and manifestations of CoronaVirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), there have been no documented cases of sudden neck swelling with rash in patients with Severe A...

    Authors: Caterina Giannitto, Cristiana Bonifacio, Susanna Esposito, Angela Ammirabile, Giuseppe Mercante, Armando De Virgilio, Giuseppe Spriano, Enrico Heffler, Ludovica Lofino, Letterio Salvatore Politi and Luca Balzarini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:232
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  48. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the common diseases in children and the routine detection methods frequently fail to identify the infectious pathogens especially for viruses. The Filmarray respiratory ...

    Authors: Fen Pan, Bingjie Wang, Hong Zhang, Yingying Shi and Qi Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The massive outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Daegu city and Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea (ROK), caused the exponential increase in new cases exceeding 5000 within 6 weeks. Th...

    Authors: Jong Hun Kim, Won Suk Choi, Joon Young Song, Young Kyung Yoon, Min Ja Kim and Jang Wook Sohn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The lab-confirmed interval is the date from lab confirmation in a core case (infector) to lab confirmation in a second case (infectee); however, its distribution and application are seldom reported. This study...

    Authors: Lihong Huang, Liangmin Wei, Yue Jiang and Lijuan Lin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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BMC Infectious Diseases

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