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  1. Low testing rates and delays in reporting hinder the estimation of the mortality burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. During a public health emergency, estimating all cause excess deaths above an expe...

    Authors: Sushma Dahal, Juan M. Banda, Ana I. Bento, Kenji Mizumoto and Gerardo Chowell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:432
  2. Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease and has a great general and economic health importance in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this systematic and meta-analytic study was conducted to determin...

    Authors: Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani, Masoud Mohammadi, Rostam Jalali, Nader Salari and Melika Hosseinian-Far
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:429
  3. Hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 infection increases the risk of respiratory failure and one of the cogent reasons of mortality associated with COVID-19. Baricitinib, a janus kinases inhibitor, can potenti...

    Authors: Md. Jahidul Hasan, Raihan Rabbani, Ahmad Mursel Anam, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Mohammad Mufizul Islam Polash, Shahzadi Sayeeda Tun Nessa and Sitesh C. Bachar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:427
  4. Rotavirus A (RVA) is a significant cause of severe diarrheal illness and one of the common causes of death in children under the age of five. This study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of RVA in Pakistan...

    Authors: Nosheen Basharat, Asma Sadiq, Muhammad Dawood, Shahid Ali, Alam Khan, Rooh Ullah, Hayat Khan, Aamir Aziz, Hamid Ali, Aamer Ali Shah, Ijaz Ali and Jadoon Khan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:426
  5. Candida auris infections are an emerging global threat with poor clinical outcome, high mortality rate, high transmission rate and outbreak potential. The objective of this work is to describe a multidisciplinary...

    Authors: Dipu Thareparambil Sathyapalan, Remya Antony, Vrinda Nampoothiri, Anil Kumar, Nandita Shashindran, Jini James, Jisha Thomas, Preetha Prasanna, Akkulath Sangita Sudhir, Jeslyn Mary Philip, Fabia Edathadathil, Binny Prabhu, Sanjeev Singh and Merlin Moni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:425
  6. Although by late February 2020 the COVID-19 epidemic was effectively controlled in Wuhan, China, estimating the effects of interventions, such as transportation restrictions and quarantine measures, on the ear...

    Authors: Jingbo Liang, Hsiang-Yu Yuan, Lindsey Wu and Dirk Udo Pfeiffer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:424
  7. In the US, one in six men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV are unaware of their HIV infection. In certain circumstances, access to HIV testing and viral load (VL) monitoring is challenging. The objective o...

    Authors: Wei Luo, Vickie Sullivan, Pollyanna R. Chavez, Sarah E. Wiatrek, Maria Zlotorzynska, Amy Martin, Rebecca Rossetti, Travis Sanchez, Patrick Sullivan, Robin J. MacGowan, S. Michele Owen and Silvina Masciotra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:423
  8. HPV and C.trachomatis are the most prevalent, viral and bacterial STI worldwide. Both commonly have an asymptomatic development and can evolve into a persistent infection which, added to coinfections, may be impo...

    Authors: J. P. Mosmann, S. Zayas, A. X. Kiguen, R. F. Venezuela, O. Rosato and C. G. Cuffini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:422
  9. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 incidence has increased in Denmark after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCV). The mechanism behind the serotype 8 replacement is not well understood. In ...

    Authors: Camilla Bülow Hansen, Kurt Fuursted, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Tine Dalby, Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen and H-C Slotved
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:421
  10. The Hawthorne Effect is the change in behaviour by subjects due to their awareness of being observed and is evident in both research and clinical settings as a result of various forms of observation. When the ...

    Authors: Francis Rezk, Margaretha Stenmarker, Stefan Acosta, Karoline Johansson, Malin Bengnér, Håkan Åstrand and Ann-Christine Andersson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:420
  11. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G may have an important role in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our aim was to evaluate the role of HLA-G in the outcome of genital and oral HPV infec...

    Authors: Anna Jaakola, Michel Roger, Marie-Claude Faucher, Kari Syrjänen, Seija Grénman, Stina Syrjänen and Karolina Louvanto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:419
  12. The Dutch province of Limburg borders the German district of Heinsberg, which had a large cluster of COVID-19 cases linked to local carnival activities before any cases were reported in the Netherlands. Howeve...

    Authors: Mitch van Hensbergen, Casper D. J. den Heijer, Petra Wolffs, Volker Hackert, Henriëtte L. G. ter Waarbeek, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Reina S. Sikkema, Edou R. Heddema and Christian J. P. A. Hoebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:418
  13. Following a first wave in spring and gradual easing of lockdown, Luxembourg experienced an early second epidemic wave of SARS-CoV-2 before the start of summer school holidays on 15th July. This provided the op...

    Authors: Joël Mossong, Laurent Mombaerts, Lisa Veiber, Jessica Pastore, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Michael Schnell, Silvana Masi, Laetitia Huiart and Paul Wilmes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:417
  14. Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most feared complications following total arthroplasty surgeries. Gram-positive bacteria are the most common microorganisms implicated in PJIs, while infections m...

    Authors: Marta Bottagisio, Alessandro Bidossi, Nicola Logoluso, Antonio Pellegrini and Elena De Vecchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:416
  15. Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed countries, in which the resulting coronary artery (CA) abnormalities cause myocardial ischemia, infarction, ...

    Authors: Yifan Ren, Chuanxin Zhang, Xiaoqin Xu and Yu Yin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:415
  16. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV has revolutionized the treatment of HCV, including its treatment in patients with HIV coinfection. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in ...

    Authors: Maria Giovanna Quaranta, Luigina Ferrigno, Xhimi Tata, Franca D’Angelo, Carmine Coppola, Alessia Ciancio, Serena Rita Bruno, Martina Loi, Alessia Giorgini, Marzia Margotti, Valentina Cossiga, Giuseppina Brancaccio, Marcello Dallio, Martina De Siena, Marco Cannizzaro, Luisa Cavalletto…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:413
  17. Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019, more than 8 million cases have occurred worldwide as of June 16, 2020. However, it is important to distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory i...

    Authors: Xinghua Liu, Wei Li, Bo Zhang, Yan Guo, Zhao Hu, Cao Peng, Xiao Lei, Qunying Luo, Qiong Zhang, Wei Deng, Juanjuan Wang, Jianqiao Tang, Yunqiao Li and Jianying Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:412
  18. An effective treatment option is not yet available for SARS-CoV2, which causes the COVID-19 pandemic and whose effects are felt more and more every day. Ivermectin is among the drugs whose effectiveness in tre...

    Authors: Nurullah Okumuş, Neşe Demirtürk, Rıza Aytaç Çetinkaya, Rahmet Güner, İsmail Yaşar Avcı, Semiha Orhan, Petek Konya, Bengü Şaylan, Ayşegül Karalezli, Levent Yamanel, Bircan Kayaaslan, Gülden Yılmaz, Ümit Savaşçı, Fatma Eser and Gürhan Taşkın
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:411
  19. Salivary detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proposed as an alternative to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab testing. Our group previously published a study de...

    Authors: Lisa Caulley, Julie Shaw, Martin Corsten, Nadia Hua, Jonathan B. Angel, Guillaume Poliquin, Jonathan Whelan, Kym Antonation and Stephanie Johnson-Obaseki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:410
  20. Accurately predicting outcomes for cancer patients with COVID-19 has been clinically challenging. Numerous clinical variables have been retrospectively associated with disease severity, but the predictive valu...

    Authors: Saket Navlakha, Sejal Morjaria, Rocio Perez-Johnston, Allen Zhang and Ying Taur
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:391
  21. In non-pregnant adults, the incidence of invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease is continuously increasing. Elderly and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk of infection. GBS commonly colonizes t...

    Authors: Rossella Baldan, Sara Droz, Carlo Casanova, Laura Knabben, Dorothy J. Huang, Christine Brülisauer, André B. Kind, Elke Krause, Stefanie Mauerer, Barbara Spellerberg and Parham Sendi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:408
  22. The prevalent resurgence of pertussis has recently become a critical public health problem worldwide. To understand pertussis pathogenesis and the host response to both the pathogen and vaccines, a suitable pe...

    Authors: Wenwen Jiang, Chen Wei, Dachao Mou, Weilun Zuo, Jiangli Liang, Xiao Ma, Lichan Wang, Na Gao, Qin Gu, Peng Luo, Yan Ma, Jingyan Li, Shuyuan Liu, Li Shi and Mingbo Sun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:407
  23. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to expand. Herein, we report the epidemiological and clinical features of 478 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from a multicenter study conducted in f...

    Authors: Jinjun Zhang, Shixiong Yang, Yi Xu, Xinyan Qin, Jialiang Liu, Jinjun Guo, Sijia Tian, Shaoping Wang, Kai Liao, Ying Zhang, Yu Ma and Yuguo Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:406
  24. Aseptic meningitis is most often caused by enteroviruses (EVs), but EVs associated with aseptic meningitis have not yet been reported in Liaocheng. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and gen...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Min Meng, Huan Xu, Ting Wang, Ying Liu, Han Yan, Peiman Liu, Daogang Qin and Qiaozhi Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:405
  25. Our aim was to examine whether the length of stay, hospital charges and in-hospital mortality attributable to healthcare- and community-associated infections due to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were higher...

    Authors: Katia Iskandar, Christine Roques, Souheil Hallit, Rola Husni-Samaha, Natalia Dirani, Rana Rizk, Rachel Abdo, Yasmina Yared, Matta Matta, Inas Mostafa, Roula Matta, Pascale Salameh and Laurent Molinier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:404
  26. Carnobacterium species are lactic acid-producing Gram-positive bacteria that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada for use as a food bio-preservative. The use of live bacteri...

    Authors: Carson Ka-Lok Lo and Prameet M. Sheth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:403
  27. The effects of extreme temperature on infectious diseases are complex and far-reaching. There are few studies to access the relationship of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with extreme temperature. The study aime...

    Authors: Dongzhen Chen, Hua Lu, Shengyang Zhang, Jia Yin, Xuena Liu, Yixin Zhang, Bingqin Dai, Xiaomei Li and Guoyong Ding
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:402
  28. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are one of the most serious complication of arthroplasty. The management of PJI needs a multidisciplinary collaboration between orthopaedic surgeon, infectious disease special...

    Authors: Marion Le Maréchal, Zoé Cavalli, Cécile Batailler, Jean-François Gonzalez, André Ferreira, Sébastien Lustig, Tristan Ferry and Johan Courjon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:401
  29. Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is a feasible option to improve the cervical screening coverage. However, an ideal triage method for HPV-positive self-samples does not yet exist. The aim o...

    Authors: Fangbin Song, Peisha Yan, Xia Huang, Chun Wang, Xinfeng Qu, Hui Du and Ruifang Wu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:400
  30. As a blood-borne pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has long been a major threat associated with needle-stick injuries (NSIs) mainly because no vaccine is available for HCV. Following an NSI, we usually test th...

    Authors: Kazuya Okushin, Rie Suzuki, Takeya Tsutsumi, Koh Okamoto, Kazuhiko Ikeuchi, Akira Kado, Chihiro Minatsuki, Yuka Minami-Kobayashi, Nobuhiko Satoh, Mahoko Ikeda, Sohei Harada, Kenichiro Enooku, Hidetaka Fujinaga, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Kazuhiko Koike and Kyoji Moriya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:399
  31. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory event and a fatal complication of viral infections. Whether sHLH may also be observed in patients with a cytokine sto...

    Authors: Mei Meng, Limin Chen, Sheng Zhang, Xuan Dong, Wenzhe Li, Ranran Li, Yunxin Deng, Tao Wang, Yan Xu, Jiao Liu, Yanxia Huang, Yizhu Chen, Sisi Huang, Zhenliang Wen, Lidi Zhang, Hangxiang Du…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:398
  32. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths worldwide. Despite abundant data on that many COVID-19 patients also displayed kidney disease, ther...

    Authors: Nan-Hui Zhang, Yi-Chun Cheng, Ran Luo, Chun-Xiu Zhang, Shu-Wang Ge and Gang Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:397
  33. In the Brazilian Amazon, a new epidemiological profile of Chagas disease transmission, the oral route, has been detected and cited as being responsible for the increase in acute cases in Brazil. The clinical e...

    Authors: Katia do Nascimento Couceiro, Jessica Vanina Ortiz, Michael do Nascimento Correia, Mônica Regina Hosannah da Silva e Silva, Alba Regina Brandão, Paula Rita Leite da Silva, Susan Smith Doria, Reinaldo Bulgarelli Bestetti, Débora Raysa Teixeira de Sousa, Rubens Celso Andrade da Silva Junior, Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra, João Marcos Bemfica Barbosa Ferreira and Jorge Augusto de Oliveira Guerra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:396
  34. We describe the spectrum of ICD-10 classified causes for hospitalisations occurring between 2011 and 2018 in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLHIV).

    Authors: Sophia M. Rein, Fiona C. Lampe, Clinton Chaloner, Adam Stafford, Alison J. Rodger, Margaret A. Johnson, Jeffrey McDonnell, Fiona Burns, Sara Madge, Alec Miners, Lorraine Sherr, Simon Collins, Andrew Speakman, Andrew N. Phillips and Colette J. Smith
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:395
  35. Whole-genome sequencing has shown that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection process can be more heterogeneous than previously thought. Compartmentalized infections, exogenous reinfections, and microevolution ...

    Authors: Darío A. Fernandez Do Porto, Johana Monteserin, Josefina Campos, Ezequiel J. Sosa, Mario Matteo, Federico Serral, Noemí Yokobori, Andrés Fernández Benevento, Tomás Poklepovich, Agustín Pardo, Ingrid Wainmayer, Norberto Simboli, Florencia Castello, Roxana Paul, Marcelo Martí, Beatriz López…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:394
  36. International air travel plays an important role in the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, and tracing of close contacts is an integral part of the public health response to COVID-19. We aimed to assess the timeline...

    Authors: Thai Quang Pham, Ngoc-Anh Hoang, Ha-Linh Quach, Khanh Cong Nguyen, Samantha Colquhoun, Stephen Lambert, Luong Huy Duong, Quang Dai Tran, Duc Anh Ha, Dinh Cong Phung, Nghia Duy Ngu, Tu Anh Tran, Quang Ngoc La, Tai Trong Nguyen, Quynh Mai Thi Le, Duong Nhu Tran…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:393
  37. Algorithms that bridge the gap between syndromic sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and treatment based in realistic diagnostic options and local epidemiology are urgently needed across Africa. Ou...

    Authors: Kristin M. Wall, Julien Nyombayire, Rachel Parker, Rosine Ingabire, Jean Bizimana, Jeannine Mukamuyango, Amelia Mazzei, Matt A. Price, Marie Aimee Unyuzimana, Amanda Tichacek, Susan Allen and Etienne Karita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:392
  38. Late-diagnosis of HIV is a major challenge for the control and prevention of AIDS in the world. The present study aimed to specify factors associated with the late diagnosis of HIV in Iran from 1987 to 2016.

    Authors: Younes Mohammadi, Mohammad Mirzaei, Nasrin Shirmohammadi-Khorram and Maryam Farhadian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:390
  39. In patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and malignant lymphoma, hepatitis C flare during R-CHOP can result in discontinuation of treatment. However, appropriate therapeutic strategies for managing hepatitis C...

    Authors: Machiko Umemura, Goki Suda, Shihori Tsukamoto, Ko Ebata, Shinjiro Takahash, Takashi Sasaki, Sae Nakajima, Koji Hirata, Mariko Ozasa, Masatoshi Takano, Masaki Katagiri and Naoya Sakamoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:389
  40. One of the leading long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes renal dysfunction and urinary tract infections (UTI) which are considered to be prevalent in uncontrolled diabetes. Moreov...

    Authors: Azizul Hasan Aamir, Umar Yousuf Raja, Ali Asghar, Saeed Ahmed Mahar, Tahir Ghaffar, Ibrar Ahmed, Faisal Masood Qureshi, Jamal Zafar, Mohammad Imtiaz Hasan, Amna Riaz, Syed Abbas Raza, Irshad Ahmed Khosa, Jahanzeb Khan, Mahwish Raza and Jaffer Bin Baqar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:388
  41. Direct-Acting agents (DAAs) target and inhibit essential viral replication proteins. They have revolutionized the treatment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection reaching high levels of sustained virologic resp...

    Authors: Fabián Aldunate, Natalia Echeverría, Daniela Chiodi, Pablo López, Adriana Sánchez-Cicerón, Martín Soñora, Juan Cristina, Gonzalo Moratorio, Nelia Hernández and Pilar Moreno
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:387
  42. Congenital cytomegalovirus disease (cCMV) is common and can be fatal or cause severe sequelae. Circulating strains of cytomegalovirus carry a high number of variable or disrupted genes. One of these is UL146, ...

    Authors: Christian Berg, Mette M. Rosenkilde, Thomas Benfield, Lene Nielsen, Thomas Sundelin and Hans R. Lüttichau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:386
  43. Antibiotic resistance is often reported and great concerned as one of public health problems especially people living with poverty in developing countries including Thailand. The hill tribe people is defined a...

    Authors: Sophaphan Intahphuak, Tawatchai Apidechkul and Patita Kuipiaphum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:385
  44. The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of neutrophil CD64, procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as markers for the diagnosis of sepsis in adult patients.

    Authors: Shan Cong, Tiangang Ma, Xin Di, Chang Tian, Min Zhao and Ke Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:384
  45. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Bridget J. Kelly, Brian G. Southwell, Lauren A. McCormack, Carla M. Bann, Pia D. M. MacDonald, Alicia M. Frasier, Christine A. Bevc, Noel T. Brewer and Linda B. Squiers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:383

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:338

  46. The epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Thailand are scarce.

    Authors: Rujipas Sirijatuphat, Yupin Suputtamongkol, Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Navin Horthongkham, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Pornpan Koomanachai, Susan Assanasen, Yong Rongrungruang, Nitipatana Chierakul, Ranistha Ratanarat, Anupop Jitmuang, Walaiporn Wangchinda and Wannee Kantakamalakul
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:382
  47. There is scarce knowledge on the prevalence of diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Pakistan. In the absence of culture and identification, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) causing NTM disease are l...

    Authors: Asifa Karamat, Atiqa Ambreen, Aamira Ishtiaq, Sabira Tahseen, Muhammad Aqeelur Rahman and Tehmina Mustafa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:381

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