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  1. Refugees in Malaysia, who are afflicted by poverty, conflict and poor health, are vulnerable to a range of zoonotic infections in the deprived environmental and social conditions under which they live. Exposur...

    Authors: Izzah Ruzana Mohd Hanapi, Norhidayu Sahimin, Michael John Banuru Maackara, Aufa Shofia Annisa, Raisya Nur Syazmeen Abdul Mutalib, John W. Lewis, Jerzy M. Behnke, Yee Ling Lau and Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1128
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Detailed characteristics of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Burkina Faso are scarce. The main aim of this study was to assess HCV seroprevalence in various settings and populations at risk in Burkina Faso...

    Authors: Serge Ouoba, Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwinde Ouedraogo, Moussa Lingani, Bunthen E, Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain, Ko Ko, Shintaro Nagashima, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Halidou Tinto and Junko Tanaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1126
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of emerging infectious diseases is crucial for implementation of control measures. In the first 7 months from the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has docu...

    Authors: Toshie Manabe, Dung Phan, Yasuhiro Nohara, Dan Kambayashi, Thang Huu Nguyen, Thanh Van Do and Koichiro Kudo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1124
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Each year, 5.6 million new syphilis cases are diagnosed globally. Guidelines for people living with HIV (PLWH) in low-income countries (LIC) recommend STI testing for symptomatic persons and those newly diagno...

    Authors: Laura Gilbert, Nicole Dear, Allahna Esber, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Hannah Kibuuka, John Owuoth, Jonah Maswai, Trevor A. Crowell, Christina S. Polyak and Julie A. Ake
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1123
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. From September 2015 through August 2018, 203 NoV outbreaks involving 2500 cases were reported to the Shenzhen...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Miao Jin, Hailong Zhang, Yanan Zhu, Hong Yang, Xiangjie Yao, Long Chen, Jun Meng, Guifang Hu, Yaqing He and Zhaojun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. More than 3 million infections were attributed to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the 2014–2016 outbreak in Mexico, Central and South America, with over 500 deaths directly or indirectly related to this viral dis...

    Authors: M. Pedraza-Escalona, O. Guzmán-Bringas, H. I. Arrieta-Oliva, K. Gómez-Castellano, J. Salinas-Trujano, J. Torres-Flores, J. C. Muñoz-Herrera, R. Camacho-Sandoval, P. Contreras-Pineda, R. Chacón-Salinas, S. M. Pérez-Tapia and J. C. Almagro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease of global significance, causing a significant health burden in Africa due to complications associated with infection, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Nig...

    Authors: Busayo I. Ajuwon, Isabelle Yujuico, Katrina Roper, Alice Richardson, Meru Sheel and Brett A. Lidbury
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1120
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Diagnostic testing using PCR is a fundamental component of COVID-19 pandemic control. Criteria for determining who should be tested by PCR vary between countries, and ultimately depend on resource constraints ...

    Authors: Nigel French, Geoff Jones, Cord Heuer, Virginia Hope, Sarah Jefferies, Petra Muellner, Andrea McNeill, Stephen Haslett and Patricia Priest
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1119
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health problem in China, with mounting evidence suggesting that recent transmission accounts for the majority of MDR-TB. Here we aimed to rev...

    Authors: Zhiying Han, Jing Li, Guomei Sun, Kaikan Gu, Yangyi Zhang, Hui Yao and Yuan Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1118
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Ureaplasma parvum is usually part of the normal genital flora. Rarely can it cause invasive infections such as genitourinary infections, septic arthritis, or meningitis.

    Authors: Lea Lemoine, Cecile Le Brun, Francois Maillot, Camille Thorey, Annaelle Boucaud, Adrien Lemaignen and Adrien Bigot
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1117
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. Infections due to resistant bacteria are associated with severe illness, increased risk for complications, hospital admissions, and higher mortality. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, which contributes to incr...

    Authors: Sandra C. Domche Ngongang, Wisdom Basera and Marc Mendelson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1116
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Studies indicate that ethnicity and socioeconomic disparity are significant facilitators for COVID-19 mortality. The United Arab Emirates, distinctly has a population of almost 12% citizens and the rest, immig...

    Authors: Satish Chandrasekhar Nair, Huda Imam Gasmelseed, Asad Afroz Khan, Ibrahim Nageh Khafagy, Jayadevan Sreedharan, Aqeel Aziz Saleem, Hashim Ibrahim Abdrhman, Ahmed Husain Alhosani, Amatur Rahman Siddiqua, Amna Riaz Ahmed, Aya Imad Shubbar, Abdul Rahman Aleissaee, Abdulrahman Wael Alanqar, Alan Mohammad Hamadeh, Fatmah Ali Safdani, Fuad Wardan Habbal…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1115
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. COVID-19 disease has had a profound impact worldwide since it was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Laboratory testing is crucial to prompt identification of positive cases, initiation of treatment...

    Authors: Titilayo Tosin Lekan-Agunbiade and Olalekan Isaiah Agunbiade
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The clinical presentation of dengue fever had been observed to change with time since its first outbreak in 2000 in Bangladesh. This report showed the clinical presentation of the 2019 outbreak in Bangladesh a...

    Authors: Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Tamanna Tabassum, Mohiuddin Sharif, Md. Abdullah Saeed Khan, Akhi Roy Bipasha, Ariful Basher, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Mohammad Robed Amin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. There are uncertainties about mitigating strategies for swimming-related activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an opportunity to learn from the experience of previous re-openings to bett...

    Authors: Sally Yaacoub, Joanne Khabsa, Rayane El-Khoury, Amena El-Harakeh, Tamara Lotfi, Zahra Saad, Zeina Itani, Assem M. Khamis, Ibrahim El Mikati, Carlos A. Cuello-Garcia, Francisca Verdugo-Paiva, Gabriel Rada, Holger J. Schünemann, Nesrine Rizk and Elie A. Akl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1112
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Underreporting cases of infectious diseases poses a major challenge in the analysis of their epidemiological characteristics and dynamical aspects. Without accurate numerical estimates it is difficult to preci...

    Authors: Vinicius Albani, Jennifer Loria, Eduardo Massad and Jorge Zubelli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1111
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. There have been over 30 million cases of COVID-19 in India and over 430,000 deaths. Transmission rates vary from region to region, and are influenced by many factors including population susceptibility, travel...

    Authors: R. Isaac, B. Paul, M. Finkel, M. Moorthy, S. Venkateswaran, T. T. Bachmann, H. Pinnock, J. Norrie, S. Ramalingam, S. Minz, S. Hansdak, R. Blythe, M. Keller, J. Muliyil and D. Weller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1110
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. For the purpose of epidemiological surveillance, the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée infection has implemented since 2013 a system named MIDaS, based on the systematic collection of routine activity...

    Authors: Audrey Giraud-Gatineau, Gaetan Texier, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Didier Raoult and Hervé Chaudet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1109
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Neonatal sepsis is a global concern with increasing morbidity and mortality. The burden of neonatal sepsis is highest in developing countries, especially in those lacking proper surveillance systems. The causa...

    Authors: Adeeb Salah, Ibrahim Al-Subol, Ahmed Hudna, Ali Alhaj, Abdulhabib R. Alqubaty, Waleed Farie, Dalal Sulieman, Ola Alnadhari, Talal Alwajeeh, Fawaz Alobathani, Abdullah Almikhlafy and Mohmmed A. K. Mahdy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1108
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. More than 5 years after the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, Zika infection remains a major concern in regions with high Aedes infestation. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify clusters of ZIKV infection ...

    Authors: Patrícia Silva Nunes, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Wayner Vieira de Souza and Marília Dalva Turchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1107
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Influenza is associated with excess morbidity and mortality of individuals each year. Few therapies exist for treatment of influenza infection, and each require initiation as early as possible in the course of...

    Authors: Timothy L. Wiemken, Stephen P. Furmanek, Ruth M. Carrico, Paula Peyrani, Daniel Hoft, Alicia M. Fry and Julio A. Ramirez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1106
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) meningitis is a rare disease, and most of its occurrences are of post-operative origin. Its rapid diagnosis is critical for effective clinical management. Currently, the diagno...

    Authors: Xiaobo Zhang, Chao Jiang and Chaojun Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1105
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  23. Diagnosis and treatment of pharyngotonsillitis are commonly focused on group A streptococci (GAS), although the disease is often associated with other pathogens. While the incidence of pharyngotonsillitis is k...

    Authors: Martin Andersson, Jon Pallon, Olof Cronberg, Martin Sundqvist and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1104
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of morbidity among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of CDI are needed in clinical practice. The r...

    Authors: Mohammad Abdehagh, Masoumeh Azimirad, Hamidreza Houri, Banafsheh Nadalian, Fahimeh Azimirad, Meysam Olfatifar, Ome Kolsoum Nasir Shoeibi, Abbas Yadegar, Shabnam Shahrokh, Mehran Mahdavi Roshan, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei and Mohammad Reza Zali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1103
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to reduce transmission of HIV among Black cisgender women in the Southern United States (U.S.); however, national data suggests that PrEP initiation is lowest ...

    Authors: Tiara C. Willie, Mauda Monger, Amy Nunn, Trace Kershaw, Jamila K. Stockman, Kenneth H. Mayer, Philip A. Chan, Adaora A. Adimora, Leandro A. Mena, Deja Knight, Karlye A. Philllips and Stefan D. Baral
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The survival of coronaviruses are influenced by weather conditions and seasonal coronaviruses are more common in winter months. We examine the seasonality of respiratory infections in England and Wales and the...

    Authors: G. L. Nichols, E. L. Gillingham, H. L. Macintyre, S. Vardoulakis, S. Hajat, C. E. Sarran, D. Amankwaah and R. Phalkey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world’s population are considered to be infected...

    Authors: Eshetu Temesgen, Yerega Belete, Kibrom Haile and Solomon Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of vancomycin therapy have been recognized for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections but not for other gram-positive bacterial infections. Therefor...

    Authors: Yujin Sohn, John Hoon Rim, Yunsuk Cho, Jonghoon Hyun, Yaejee Baek, Moohyun Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Jin Young Ahn, Sang-Guk Lee, Jong-Beack Lim, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Joon-Sup Yeom and Young Goo Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1099
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Authors: Julien Riou, Carole Dupont, Silvia Bertagnolio, Ravindra K. Gupta, Roger D. Kouyos, Matthias Egger and Christian L. Althaus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1098
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1042

  30. Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic coccobacillus, which is an environmental opportunistic pathogen. A. hydrophila are involved in several infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, se...

    Authors: Michael Greiner, Alexia Anagnostopoulos, Daniel Pohl, Reinhard Zbinden and Andrea Zbinden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1097
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. The association between renal parenchyma changes on dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans and demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers was assessed in pediatric patients with acute pyelonephritis.

    Authors: Daryoosh Fahimi, Leila Khedmat, Azadeh Afshin, Mohsen Jafari, Zakeyeh Bakouei, Effat Hosseinali Beigi, Mohammad Kajiyazdi, Anahita Izadi and Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1096
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Raoultella ornithinolytica is a Gram-negative bacillus that resembles Klebsiella. This bacterium is present in many soil and aquatic environments and is a major causative agent of healthcare-associated infections...

    Authors: Xiaonan Chen, Xinjian Zhou, Jun Cao, Ke Ma and Zhijie Xia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1095
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Several specific risk scores for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involving clinical and biochemical parameters have been developed from higher-risk patients, in addition to validating well-established pneu...

    Authors: Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Nicholas W. S. Chew, Sai Meng Tham, Zhen Yu Lim, Tony Y. W. Li, Shuyun Cen, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Amelia Santosa, Ching-Hui Sia and Gail Brenda Cross
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1094
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Gender differences among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) and HIV co-infection could affect treatment outcomes. We compared characteristics and treatment outcomes of DRTB/HIV co-infected men an...

    Authors: Joseph Baruch Baluku, David Mukasa, Felix Bongomin, Anna Stadelmann, Edwin Nuwagira, Sabine Haller, Kauthrah Ntabadde and Stavia Turyahabwe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1093
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2023 23:44

  35. Mycobacterium marseillense is a new species of the Mycobacterium avium complex. There has been only a few human infections caused by M. marseillense worldwide.

    Authors: Yusuke Nomura, Koh Okamoto, Yuki Ohama, Yoshimi Higurashi, Sohei Harada and Kyoji Moriya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1092
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains the world’s deadliest infectious killer. Serum CA-125 test are useful in the diagnosis of PTB. Although studies on the relation between CA-125 and PTB have been reported, t...

    Authors: Ping Zhao, Qin Yu, Aijie Zhang, Fang He, Songyan Xu and Liang Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1091
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate t...

    Authors: Marion Bonneton, Bich-Tram Huynh, Abdoulaye Seck, Raymond Bercion, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau and Muriel Vray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1090
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Understanding the occurrence of yellow fever epidemics is critical for targeted interventions and control efforts to reduce the burden of disease. We assessed data on the yellow fever incidence and mortality r...

    Authors: Akuoma U. Nwaiwu, Alfred Musekiwa, Jacques L. Tamuzi, Evanson Z. Sambala and Peter S. Nyasulu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1089
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) represents a global health burden. However, its epidemiology in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and North Africa (NA) regions is currently not well understood. This review h...

    Authors: Alp Giray Dogu, Anouk M. Oordt-Speets, Femke van Kessel-de Bruijn, Mehmet Ceyhan and Amine Amiche
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1088
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1160

  40. Low plasma levels of first-line antitubercular drugs can be counted among the main causes of poor response to antitubercular therapy, and therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as a method to promote ta...

    Authors: Chiara Tersigni, Giulia Boiardi, Lorenzo Tofani, Elisabetta Venturini, Carlotta Montagnani, Barbara Bortone, Leila Bianchi, Elena Chiappini, Maria Iris Cassetta, Stefania Fallani, Andrea Novelli and Luisa Galli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1087
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to infection is the leading cause of death in burn patients. Bloodstream infection (BSI) and the prognosis of burn patients are negatively correlated. Metagenomic ...

    Authors: Jing Wu and Man Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1086
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Early prediction of bronchitis obliterans (BO) is of great significance to the improvement of the long-term prognosis of children caused by refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). This study aimed to e...

    Authors: Qi Cheng, Han Zhang, Yunxiao Shang, Yuetong Zhao, Ye Zhang, Donglin Zhuang, Xuxu Cai and Ning Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1085
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. The role of the environment in hospital acquired infections is well established. We examined the impact on the infection rate for hospital onset Clostridioides difficile (HO-CDI) of an environmental hygiene inter...

    Authors: Sarah Simmons, Grady Wier, Antonio Pedraza and Mark Stibich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1084
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Penicillin allergy prevalence is internationally reported to be around 10%. However, the majority of patients who report a penicillin allergy do not have a clinically significant hypersensitivity. Few patients...

    Authors: Linde Steenvoorden, Erik Oeglaend Bjoernestad, Thor-Agne Kvesetmoen and Anne Kristine Gulsvik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1083
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Plasma leakage is a precursor to life-threatening complications of dengue, but this group is poorly defined and not often reported in literature. Patients with Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) as defined in the...

    Authors: Chaturaka Rodrigo, Chathurani Sigera, Deepika Fernando and Senaka Rajapakse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1082
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with vast clinical presentations, that ranges from subclinical or mild to severe and fatal outcomes. Leptospirosis can be managed well if diagnosed earlier, however, simi...

    Authors: Noraini Philip, Leslie Thian Lung Than, Anim Md Shah, Muhamad Yazli Yuhana, Zamberi Sekawi and Vasantha Kumari Neela
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1081
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. HIV-infected persons are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis and Isoniazid preventive therapy has been shown to reduce the occurrence of tuberculosis among this group of persons. M-health technology h...

    Authors: Ifeyinwa Chizoba Akamike, Ijeoma Nkem Okedo-Alex, Chihurumnanya Alo, Adaoha Pearl Agu, Chigozie Jesse Uneke and Lawrence Ulu Ogbonnaya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1080
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. KPC-K.pneumoniae bloodstream infection (KPC-KpBSI) mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies is reported about 60%. The initial treatment active against KPC-K.pneumoniae is crucial for survival a...

    Authors: Alessandra Micozzi, Giuseppe Gentile, Stefania Santilli, Clara Minotti, Saveria Capria, Maria Luisa Moleti, Walter Barberi, Claudio Cartoni, Silvia Maria Trisolini, Anna Maria Testi, Anna Paola Iori, Giampaolo Bucaneve and Robin Foà
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1079
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Importation of dengue following globalization presents an emerging threat to global health. However, evidence on global geographical sources and the potential of dengue importation globally are lacking. This s...

    Authors: Xiao Wei Sylvia Gwee, Pearleen Ee Yong Chua and Junxiong Pang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1078
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Taenia solium, present in most developing countries, infects many individuals and may result in their death. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) develops after invasion of the brain by parasitic larvae. It is the most commo...

    Authors: Tomoya Kinouchi, Yasuyuki Morishima, Shinichi Uyama, Tadashi Miyamoto, Hidehisa Horiguchi, Naomi Fujimoto and Hiromi Ueta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:1077
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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