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  1. We aimed to elucidate differences in the characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization in Japan, by COVID-19 waves, from conventional strains to the Delta variant.

    Authors: Ho Lee, Shotaro Chubachi, Ho Namkoong, Takanori Asakura, Hiromu Tanaka, Shiro Otake, Kensuke Nakagawara, Atsuho Morita, Takahiro Fukushima, Mayuko Watase, Tatsuya Kusumoto, Katsunori Masaki, Hirofumi Kamata, Makoto Ishii, Naoki Hasegawa, Norihiro Harada…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:935
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Vaccine hesitancy amongst pregnant women has been found to be a concern during past epidemics. This study aimed to (1) estimate COVID-19 vaccination rates among pregnant women in Wales and their association wi...

    Authors: Mohamed Mhereeg, Hope Jones, Jonathan Kennedy, Mike Seaborne, Michael Parker, Natasha Kennedy, Sarah Beeson, Ashley Akbari, Luisa Zuccolo, Alisha Davies and Sinead Brophy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:932
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Severe odontogenic infections in the head and neck region, especially necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) and deep neck abscess, are potentially fatal due to their delayed diagnosis and treatment. Clinica...

    Authors: Junya Kusumoto, Eiji Iwata, Wensu Huang, Naoki Takata, Akira Tachibana and Masaya Akashi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:931
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers including tocilizumab and sarilumab were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The u...

    Authors: Qian Gao, Xuedong Yin, Boyu Tan, Junshi Wang, Jiayan Chen, Bin Zhao, Qiaoling Yang and Zhiling Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:929
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The past two decades were associated with innovation and strengthening of malaria control interventions, which have been increasingly adopted at large scale. Impact evaluations of these interventions were most...

    Authors: Khalid Abdelmutalab Elmardi, Ishag Adam, Elfatih Mohamed Malik, Hmooda Toto Kafy, Mogahid Sheikheldien Abdin, Immo Kleinschmidt, Stef Kremers and Jessica Sophia Gubbels
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:927
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. To forecast the development trend of current outbreak in Dalian, mainly to predict turning points of COVID-19 outbreak in Dalian, Liaoning province, China, the results can be used to provide a scientific refer...

    Authors: Qingyu An, Jun Wu, Jin jian Bai and Xiaofeng Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:926
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. The World Health Organization recommends pneumococcal vaccination (PCV) in the first year of life. We investigated pneumococcal serotypes in children with clinical or radiologically confirmed pneumonia and hea...

    Authors: Kristina Elfving, Lucia Gonzales Strömberg, Shadi Geravandi, Maria Andersson, Marc Bachelard, Mwinyi Msellem, Delér Shakely, Birger Trollfors, Rickard Nordén, Andreas Mårtensson, Anders Björkman and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:925
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The exponential spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes unexpected economic burdens to worldwide health systems with severe shortages in hospital resources (beds, staff, equipment). Managing patie...

    Authors: Azam Orooji, Mostafa Shanbehzadeh, Esmat Mirbagheri and Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:923
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. From March 2020 through August 2021, 97,762 hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in English hospitals. Resulting excess length of stay (LoS) created a potentially substantial health and economic ...

    Authors: James Stimson, Koen B. Pouwels, Russell Hope, Ben S. Cooper, Anne M. Presanis and Julie V. Robotham
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:922
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Mycobacterium (M.) chimaera is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that belongs to M. avium complex (MAC). In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), MAC can cause bronchopulmonary infections that can be prolonged ...

    Authors: Alexandra Kavvalou, Florian Stehling, Eva Tschiedel, Jan Kehrmann, Bernd Walkenfort, Mike Hasenberg, Margarete Olivier and Mathis Steindor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:921
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Current tuberculosis (TB) regimen development pathways are slow and in urgent need of innovation. We investigated novel phase IIc and seamless phase II/III trials utilizing multi-arm multi-stage and Bayesian r...

    Authors: V. Chang, P. P. J. Phillips, M. Z. Imperial, P. Nahid and R. M. Savic
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:920
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. While oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV, challenges such as adhering to a daily-dosing regimen and persistence have emerged as barriers for at-risks populations in S...

    Authors: Morgan S. Brown, Homaira Hanif, Kristen M. Little, Meredith R. Clark, Andrea R. Thurman, Lola Flomen and Gustavo F. Doncel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:919
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Restrictions to curb the first wave of COVID-19 in India resulted in a decline in facility-based HIV testing rates, likely contributing to increased HIV transmission and disease progression. The programmatic a...

    Authors: Rose Pollard, Ajay Enugu, Salin Sriudomporn, Jade Bell, Subash Chandra Ghosh, Visvanathan Arumugam, Parthasarathy Mugundu, Aditya Singh, Allison M. McFall, Shruti H. Mehta, Bryan N. Patenaude and Sunil S. Solomon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:918
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:955

  18. Despite the development and application of vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the world, the scientific community is still trying to find some therapies to avo...

    Authors: Carmen de la Rocha, Marco A. Cid-López, Blanca I. Venegas-López, Sandra C. Gómez-Méndez, Adriana Sánchez-Ortiz, Alma M. Pérez-Ríos, Ricardo A. Llamas-Velázquez, Aidé I. Meza-Acuña, Bárbara Vargas-Íñiguez, Daniela Rosales-Galván, Alejandra Tavares-Váldez, Nizdali Luna-Gudiño, Cinthia V. Hernández-Puente, Jovana Milenkovic, Cecilia Iglesias-Palomares, Miriam Méndez-del Villar…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:917
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are intended to improve patient outcomes, reduce side effects, bacterial resistance, and costs. Thus, it is important to assess their impact on an ongoing basis. We aimed to ...

    Authors: Rula M. Darwish, Sajeda Ghassan Matar, Ahmad Atef Abu Snaineh, Mohammad Refat Alsharif, Ahmad Bassam Yahia, Haneen Nidal Mustafa and Elfatih A. Hasabo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:916
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Several methodological tests are available to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Tests are mostly used in the aid of diagnosis or for serological assessment. No tests are fully confirmatory and have variable level of...

    Authors: Puneet Misra, Shashi Kant, Randeep Guleria, Mohammad Ahmad, Suprakash Mandal, P. K. Chaturvedi, Guruprasad R. Medigeshi, Suneeta Meena, Sanjay Kumar Rai, Anisur Rahman, Meenu Sangral, Kapil Yadav, Mohan Bairwa and Partha Haldar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:915
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Both disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy are complications of sepsis as Salmonella septicemia, respectively. They are related and have similar clinical characteristics as thro...

    Authors: Yingxin Lin, Lei Huang, Yunliang Tu, Bin Huang, Sheng Zhang, Yingqun Chen and Weijia Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:914
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  22. Although the prevalence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China, is high, the epidemiological trends are not well-documented. We aimed to analyse newly reported hepatitis B cases in Guangzhou between 2009 and 2020 ...

    Authors: Wei Liu, Zhiqiang Dong, Wensui Hu, Ke Li, Lili Sun, Jianrong Hou, Shijie Jia and Yuan Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:913
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. There is a high prevalence of anemia among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China. Therefore, we investigated anemia and opportunistic infections in hospitalized people living with HIV and explored the risk ...

    Authors: Bo Xie, Wei Huang, Yanling Hu, Yanyun Dou, Luman Xie, Yong Zhang, Shanfang Qin, Ke Lan, Xianwu Pang, Hong Qiu, Lanxiang Li, Xihua Wei, Zengjing Liu, Zhihao Meng and Jiannan Lv
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:912
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Multiple vaccines have been tested in clinical trials for their efficacy and safety. In Saudi Arabia, Pfizer–BioNTech or Moderna were approved for children, however, previous studies to report their safety pro...

    Authors: Hassan Alwafi, Abdallah Y. Naser, Abdulelah M. Aldhahir, Ahmad Alhazmi, Areen Naif Alosaimi, Rasha Abdulaziz Mandili, Zaid Majeed, Emad Salawati, Rakan Ekram, Mohammed Samannodi, Hamza Assaggaf, Mohammed Almatrafi, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Safaa Mohammed Alsanosi and Faisal Minshawi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:911
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Environmental quality of life (QoL) assesses individually perceived factors such as physical safety and security, accessibility, quality of healthcare, and physical environment. These factors are particularly ...

    Authors: Claire Chen, Stefan Baral, Carly A. Comins, Mfezi Mcingana, Linwei Wang, Deliwe Rene Phetlhu, Ntambue Mulumba, Vijay Guddera, Katherine Young, Sharmistha Mishra, Harry Hausler and Sheree R. Schwartz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:910
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Influenza spreads from schools to the rest of society. Thus, we conducted questionnaire surveys of influenza vaccination in elementary and middle schools in a district for 10 years to determine immunization ra...

    Authors: Teruyuki Kajiume, Sumera Mukai, Nobutaka Toyota, Ikuo Kanazawa, Akiko Kato, Etsushi Akimoto and Toshio Shirakawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:909
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The relationship between in-utero antiretroviral (ARV) drug exposure and child growth needs further study as current data provide mixed messages. We compared postnatal growth in the first 18-months of life bet...

    Authors: Vundli Ramokolo, Louise Kuhn, Carl Lombard, Debra Jackson and Ameena E. Goga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:908
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Incarcerated people are at a disproportionate risk of contracting HIV. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Tavakoli, Najmeh Parhizgari, Mostafa Shokoohi, Mehrdad Khezri, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Iman Ghasemzadeh, Ivana Bozicevic, Armita Shahesmaeili, Naser Nasiri, Ahmad Danesh, Mohammad Karamouzian and Hamid Sharifi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:907
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. This study was conducted with the intension of providing a more detailed view about the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. To this aim, characteristics, implemented public health measures, and health outcome of CO...

    Authors: Rozhin Amin, Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi, Ali-Reza Zali and Khatereh Hannani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:906
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Prosthesis removal and antibiotic bone cement spacer implantation is a very important link in two-stage revision of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after artificial joint replacement, which is key to the ...

    Authors: Qingkai Wang, Jincheng Huang, Xiao Chen and Yi Jin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:905
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Cambodia was recently removed from the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) top 30 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. However, Cambodia’s TB burden remains substantial, and the country is on the WHO’s new...

    Authors: Jianing Ma, Avina Vongpradith, Jorge R. Ledesma, Amanda Novotney, Siyan Yi, Kruy Lim, Simon I. Hay, Christopher J. L. Murray and Hmwe H. Kyu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:904
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Kodamaea ohmeri is a rare pathogen with high mortality and is found among blood samples in a considerable proportion; however, gastrointestinal infection of K. ohmeri is extremely rare. Invasive pulmonary aspergi...

    Authors: Zi-Mu Li, Yu-Kun Kuang, Yi-Fan Zheng, Pei-Hang Xu, Ji-Yu Wang, Run-Jing Gan, Hui-Xia Li, Li-Hong Bai, Can-Mao Xie and Ke-Jing Tang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:903
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. To gain insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures on the HIV epidemic and services, this study aims to describe HIV trends in 2020 and compare them with previous years.

    Authors: Dominique Van Beckhoven, Ben Serrien, Marion Montourcy, Chris Verhofstede, Dorien Van den Bossche, Agnes Libois, Deborah De Geyter, Thierry Martin, Sandra Van den Eynde, Bea Vuylsteke, Gilles Darcis, Karlijn van Halem, Eric Florence and Jessika Deblonde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:901
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. There are growing reports on the prevalence of non-falciparum species and submicroscopic infections in sub-Saharan African countries but little information is available from Cameroon.

    Authors: Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Joseph Hawadak, Francine Dorgelesse Kouemo Motse, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Lugarde Kamgain Mawabo, Veena Pande and Vineeta Singh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:900
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Active tuberculosis (ATB) originates from primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection or reactivation of latent tuberculosis. Besides bacteriological examination, MTB-reactive immunocytes detection can be ...

    Authors: Yong Fang, Na Wang, Liang Tang, Xiao-Jun Yang, Yuan Tang, Lin Li, Wen-Fei Wu, Bo Su and Wei Sha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:899
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Authors: Ladjane Santos Wolmer de Melo, Maria Verônica Monteiro de Abreu, Bernuarda Roberta de Oliveira Santos, Maria das Graças Washington Casimiro Carreteiro, Maria Fernanda Aparecida Moura de Souza, Maria Carolina Andrade Lins de Albuquerque, Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal and Heloisa Ramos Lacerda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:898
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2021 21:212

  38. Many of the acute infections that are seen in primary care and sometimes managed with antibiotics are self-resolving and antibiotics may be unnecessary. Information about the natural history of these infection...

    Authors: Kwame Peprah Boaitey, Mina Bakhit, Natalia Krzyzaniak and Tammy C. Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:897
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2023 23:13

  39. Authors: Xiao Wei, Biao Meng, Hong Peng, Yan Li, Min Liu, Hairui Si, Rui Wu, Hailong Chen, Ying Bai, Qunling Feng, Changjun Wang and Xiangna Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:896
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:761

  40. Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs are pervasive among men who have sex with men (MSM) and associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, there are limited studies related to sexual uses of alcohol an...

    Authors: Jinshen Wang, Peizhen Zhao, Wenqian Xu and Cheng Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:895
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. The drive to vaccinate large populations is nowadays the main instrument for combating the pandemic and preventing serious disease and death. However, breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection) still ...

    Authors: Sihem Ben Fredj, Rim Ghammem, Nawel Zammit, Amani Maatouk, Nihel Haddad, Nouha Haddad, Manel Kachroudi, Senda Rebai, Hafsia Laadhari, Mohamed Mizouni Ghodhbani, Jihen Maatoug and Hassen Ghannem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:894
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The infection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) is high in the coastal regions of China. However, the infection rate among high-risk genotypes of women in Putian City is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed t...

    Authors: Zhanfei Chen, Hua Lin, Jinyuan Zheng, Lili Cai, Zhonghui Chen, Jinqiu Li and Liumin Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:893
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) index has been widely studied as an indication of bacteria-infected diseases, but the exact usage of nCD64 index in monitoring infections remains debated. So this study aims to investig...

    Authors: Yanting Gao, Lihui Lin, Jinyan Zhao, Xia Peng and Li Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:892
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The impact of corticosteroids on patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is currently unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of corticost...

    Authors: Mei Meng, Yufeng Chu, Sheng Zhang, Xuechuan Li, Jing Sha, Peng Wang, Yunliang Cui, Meihong Han, Xuan Dong, Wenqing Sun, Zhongfa Zhang, Yunxin Deng, Tao Wang, Djillali Annane, Shouqiang Jia and Dechang Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:891
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Increased frequency of circulating double negative T (DNT, CD4−CD8−CD3+) cells with protective immune function has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB). Here the rol...

    Authors: Yuting Tan, Shi Zou, Wei Guo, Yanni Xiang, Yu Dong, Qi Zhu, Songjie Wu, Mingqi Luo, Ling Shen and Ke Liang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:890
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Our study examines if SARS-CoV-2 infections varied by vaccination status, if an individual had previously tested positive and by neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation across the Delta and Omicron epidemic wa...

    Authors: Mark A. Green, Daniel J. Hungerford, David M. Hughes, Marta Garcia-Fiñana, Lance Turtle, Christopher Cheyne, Matthew Ashton, Gary Leeming, Malcolm G. Semple, Alex Singleton and Iain Buchan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:889
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Herpes zoster increases the burden on the elderly in an aging society. Although an effective vaccine licensed by China Food and Drug Administration in 2019 was introduced into the market in June 2020, the will...

    Authors: Binshan Jiang, Qing Wang, Zhenzhong Wang, Yunshao Xu, Tao Yang, Weizhong Yang, Mengmeng Jia and Luzhao Feng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:888
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Persons in Pakistan have suffered from various infectious diseases over the years, each impacted by various factors including climate change, seasonality, geopolitics, and resource availability. The COVID-19 p...

    Authors: Bayan Missaghi, Muhammad Wasif Malik, Waseem Shaukat, Muazam Abbas Ranjha, Aamer Ikram and Herman W. Barkema
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:887
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Trans women face tremendous social inequities as well as disproportionate rates of HIV and substance use, yet disaggregated substance use data specific to trans women remain limited.

    Authors: Elaine Hsiang, Akua Gyamerah, Glenda Baguso, Jennifer Jain, Willi McFarland, Erin C. Wilson and Glenn-Milo Santos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:886
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. To monitor Sweden’s progress towards the WHO goal of eliminating viral hepatitis, we estimated the prevalence, notification rate, and liver-related morbidity and mortality for diagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV)...

    Authors: Soledad Colombe, Maria Axelsson, Soo Aleman, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Josefine Lundberg Ederth and Viktor Dahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:885
    Content type: Research Published on:

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