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  1. The staphylococci are implicated in a variety of human infections; however, many clinical microbiology laboratories in Nigeria do not identify staphylococci (in particular coagulase negative staphylococci - CN...

    Authors: Adebayo Shittu, Omotayo Oyedara, Fadekemi Abegunrin, Kenneth Okon, Adeola Raji, Samuel Taiwo, Folasade Ogunsola, Kenneth Onyedibe and Gay Elisha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:286
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin resistant (MRSA), is a common pathogen among patients receiving hemodialysis. To evaluate nasal carriage, molecular characterization and effectiveness of decoloniz...

    Authors: Yu-Chuan Kang, Wei-Chen Tai, Chun-Chen Yu, Je-Ho Kang and Yhu-Chering Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:284
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has large impact on direct healthcare costs, especially those derived from hospitalization. This study determines impact, clinical characteristics, outcome and economic conse...

    Authors: Antoni Sicras-Mainar, Jordi Ibáñez-Nolla, Isabel Cifuentes, Pablo Guijarro, Ruth Navarro-Artieda and Lorenzo Aguilar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:283
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. India has among the highest rates of infant malnutrition. Few studies investigating the growth patterns of HIV-exposed infants in India or the impact of timing of HIV infection on growth in settings such as In...

    Authors: Malathi Ram, Nikhil Gupte, Uma Nayak, Aarti A Kinikar, Mangesh Khandave, Anita V Shankar, Jayagowri Sastry, Robert C Bollinger and Amita Gupta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:282
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The aim of our study was to investigate and control an outbreak and identify risk factors for colonization and infection with Serratia marcescens in two departments in Tartu University Hospital.

    Authors: Vivika Adamson, Piret Mitt, Heti Pisarev, Tuuli Metsvaht, Kaidi Telling, Paul Naaber and Matti Maimets
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:281
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Between 2007 and 2011, the Netherlands experienced the largest documented Q-fever outbreak to date with a total of 4108 notified acute Q-fever patients. Previous studies have indicated that Q-fever patients ma...

    Authors: Joris AF van Loenhout, W John Paget, Jan H Vercoulen, Clementine J Wijkmans, Jeannine LA Hautvast and Koos van der Velden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:280
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  7. At the time of the influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 pandemic it was not known if concurrent or sequential administration of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) with pandemic vaccine was preferred.

    Authors: Joanne M Langley, Louise Frenette, Laurence Chu, Shelly McNeil, Scott Halperin, Ping Li and David Vaughn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:279
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis and disseminated infection in healthy individuals, but more commonly in hosts with defective immune responses. Cell-mediated immunity is an important component of the im...

    Authors: Katya C Rocha, Cinthia Pinhal, Sônia Cavalcanti, Monica SM Vidal, Matheus Toscano, Dewton Moraes-Vasconcelos, Alberto JS Duarte, Fernando LA Fonseca, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Vitor E Valenti and Anete SG Grumach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:278
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The risk of HIV-1 related mortality is strongly related to CD4 count. Guidance on optimal timing for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is still evolving, but the contribution of HIV-1 infection to exc...

    Authors: Guy de Bruyn, Amalia Magaret, Jared M Baeten, Jairam R Lingappa, Patrick Ndase, Connie Celum and Anna Wald
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. There is agreement that the infectivity assay with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is a suitable surrogate test to validate disinfectants for hepatitis B virucidal activity. However, since this test is not w...

    Authors: Andreas Sauerbrei, Michael Schacke, Brigitte Glück, Uwe Bust, Holger F Rabenau and Peter Wutzler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Rapid demographic growth in Douala city, Cameroon, has resulted in profound ecological and environmental changes. Although demographic changes can affect anopheline mosquito breeding sites, there is a lack of ...

    Authors: Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Blaise Defo-Talom, Romuald Tagne-Fotso, Billy Tene-Fossog, Cyrille Ndo, Leopold Gustave Lehman, Timoléon Tchuinkam, Pierre Kengne and Parfait Awono-Ambene
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Persistent residual immune activation and lipid dysmetabolism are characteristics of HIV positive patients receiving an highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Nuclear Receptors are transcription factors...

    Authors: Barbara Renga, Daniela Francisci, Claudio D’Amore, Elisabetta Schiaroli, Adriana Carino, Franco Baldelli and Stefano Fiorucci
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:274
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Semi-quantitative bacteruria counts (s-QBC) are important in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to most uropathogens. The prognostic value of s-QBC for diagnosis of UTI due to group B streptoco...

    Authors: Chee K Tan, Kimberly B Ulett, Michael Steele, William H Benjamin Jr and Glen C Ulett
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Managing a severe dengue infection is a challenge specially when complicated by other comorbidities. We report a patient with dengue haemorrhagic fever and spontaneous bleeding who required mandatory anticoagu...

    Authors: Champika Gamakaranage, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Sincy Samarawickrama, Dilushi Wijayaratne, Malaka Jayawardane, Panduka Karunanayake and Saroj Jayasinghe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:272
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Raw seafood consumption was identified as the major risk factor for hepatitis A during the large epidemic of 1996 and 1997 in Puglia (South Italy). In Puglia, vaccination for toddlers and preadolescents has be...

    Authors: Maria Chironna, Rosa Prato, Anna Sallustio, Domenico Martinelli, Silvio Tafuri, Michele Quarto and Cinzia Germinario
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has of late emerged as a cause of community-acquired infections among immunocompetent adults without risk factors. Skin and soft tissue infections represent the ...

    Authors: Amreeta Dhanoa, Vivek Ajit Singh, Azura Mansor, Mohd Yasim Yusof, King-Ting Lim and Kwai-Lin Thong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:270
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. MRSA prevalence in nursing homes often exceeds that in hospitals, but reasons for this are not well understood. We sought to measure MRSA burden in a large number of nursing homes and identify facility charact...

    Authors: Courtney R Murphy, Victor Quan, Diane Kim, Ellena Peterson, Matthew Whealon, Grace Tan, Kaye Evans, Hildy Meyers, Michele Cheung, Bruce Y Lee, Dana B Mukamel and Susan S Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Initial antimicrobial therapy (AB) is an important determinant of clinical outcome in patients with severe infections as pneumonia, however well-conducted studies regarding prognostic impact of inadequate init...

    Authors: Nihal Piskin, Hande Aydemir, Nefise Oztoprak, Deniz Akduman, Fusun Comert, Furuzan Kokturk and Guven Celebi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child death in developing countries. The viruses in severe pneumonia remain poorly defined.

    Authors: Akira Suzuki, Socorro Lupisan, Yuki Furuse, Naoko Fuji, Mariko Saito, Raita Tamaki, Hazel Galang, Lydia Sombrero, Melisa Mondoy, Rapunzel Aniceto, Remigio Olveda and Hitoshi Oshitani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures ...

    Authors: Wiam A Alashek, Christopher W McIntyre and Maarten W Taal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Significant bacteriuria (SBU) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in patients with spina bifida and neuropathic detrusor sphincter dysfunction. Laboratory agar plated culture is the gold standard to...

    Authors: Bas SHJ Zegers, Cuno CSPM Uiterwaal, Carla C Verpoorten, Myleen MH Christiaens, Jan JLL Kimpen, Catharine CCE de Jong-de Vos van Steenwijk and Jan JD van Gool
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of acquiring fungal infections. Antifungal prophylaxis shortly after transplantation is therefore indicated, but da...

    Authors: Michaela Döring, Carsten Müller, Pascal-David Johann, Annika Erbacher, Astrid Kimmig, Carl-Philipp Schwarze, Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger and Ingo Müller
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Development of tuberculosis (TB) is determined by various risk factors and the interactions of temporal and spatial distributions. The aim of this study was to identify the most salient risk factors for TB dis...

    Authors: Assel Terlikbayeva, Sabrina Hermosilla, Sandro Galea, Neil Schluger, Saltanat Yegeubayeva, Tleukhan Abildayev, Talgat Muminov, Farida Akiyanova, Laura Bartkowiak, Zhaksybay Zhumadilov, Almaz Sharman and Nabila El-Bassel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Rickettsioses are caused by pathogenic species of the genus Rickettsia and play an important role as emerging diseases. The bacteria are transmitted to mammal hosts including humans by arthropod vectors. Since de...

    Authors: Elisabeth Janecek, Sabine Streichan and Christina Strube
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:261
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  26. The objective of this study was to assess temporal changes in incidence and short term mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) from 1995 through 2008.

    Authors: Niels Mejer, Henrik Westh, Henrik C Schønheyder, Allan G Jensen, Anders R Larsen, Robert Skov and Thomas Benfield
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Day care-associated infectious diseases are widely recognized as a public health problem but rarely studied. Insights into their dynamics and their association with the day care setting are important for effec...

    Authors: Remko Enserink, Harold Noel, Ingrid HM Friesema, Carolien M de Jager, Anna MD Kooistra-Smid, Laetitia M Kortbeek, Erwin Duizer, Marianne AB van der Sande, Henriette A Smit and Wilfrid van Pelt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:259
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. A Giardia outbreak was associated with development of post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders (PI-FGID) and chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-CFS). Markers of immune dysfunction have given conflicting re...

    Authors: Kurt Hanevik, Einar K Kristoffersen, Steinar Sørnes, Kristine Mørch, Halvor Næss, Ann C Rivenes, Jørn E Bødtker, Trygve Hausken and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The development of jaundice after initiation of HAART in HIV-TB co-infected patients is a challenging presentation in resource constrained settings, and is often attributed to drug induced liver injury (DILI)....

    Authors: David A Barr and Pravistadevi K Ramdial
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:257
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spreading from high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex workers, to the general population in China. This study examined the willingness of ge...

    Authors: Lili Yuan, Xin Li, Xiaoxia Li, Jingli Shi, Liying Jiang, Chundi Zhang, Xiujing Yang, Yeli Zhang and Yashuang Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. We sought to characterize the temporal trends in nasopharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant pneumococci during a period with increased heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) coverage in Central ...

    Authors: Ioanna N Grivea, Alexia Sourla, Eleni Ntokou, Denise C Chryssanthopoulou, Alexandra G Tsantouli and George A Syrogiannopoulos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Spotted fever caused spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) is prevalent throughout China. In this study, we describe a rapid, simple, and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targetin...

    Authors: Lei Pan, Lijuan Zhang, Guiqiang Wang and Qinghui Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the etiological agent of periodontitis, and there is a strong association between clone JP2 and aggressive periodontitis in adolescents of African descent. The JP2 clone ...

    Authors: Akihiro Yoshida, Oum-Keltoum Ennibi, Hideo Miyazaki, Tomonori Hoshino, Hideaki Hayashida, Tatsuji Nishihara, Shuji Awano and Toshihiro Ansai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Understanding nosocomial pathogen transmission is restricted by culture limitations. Novel platforms, such as PCR-based electron spray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), may be useful as...

    Authors: Heather C Yun, Rachael E Kreft, Mayra A Castillo, Garth D Ehrlich, Charles H Guymon, Helen K Crouch, Kevin K Chung, Joseph C Wenke, Joseph R Hsu, Tracy L Spirk, J William Costerton, Katrin Mende and Clinton K Murray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Nearly all HIV infections in children worldwide are acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy, labour, delivery or breastfeeding. The objective of our study was to estimate the numb...

    Authors: Vanina Héraud-Bousquet, Florence Lot, Maxime Esvan, Françoise Cazein, Corinne Laurent, Josiane Warszawski and Anne Gallay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Brazil. We examined the health and economic impacts of quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Brazil.

    Authors: Kosuke Kawai, Gabriela Tannus Branco de Araujo, Marcelo Fonseca, Matthew Pillsbury and Puneet K Singhal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Investigations of the impact of ethnicity and socio-economic status on incidence and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia are limited.

    Authors: Steven Y C Tong, Sebastian J van Hal, Lloyd Einsiedel, Bart J Currie and John D Turnidge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Good hand hygiene compliance is essential to prevent nosocomial infections in healthcare settings. Direct observation of hand hygiene compliance is the gold standard but is time consuming. An electronic dispen...

    Authors: Onno K Helder, Johannes B van Goudoever, Wim C J Hop, Johannes Brug and René F Kornelisse
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Procalcitonin (PCT) has emerged as a valuable marker of sepsis. The potential role of PCT in diagnosis and therapy monitoring of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in intensive care ...

    Authors: Vasiliki P Theodorou, Vasilios E Papaioannou, Gregory A Tripsianis, Maria K Panopoulou, Elias K Christophoridis, Georgios A Kouliatsis, Theodora M Gioka, Efstratios S Maltezos, Sophia I Ktenidou-Kartali and Ioannis A Pneumatikos
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Postnatal transmission of HIV-1 through breast milk remains an unsolved challenge in many resource-poor settings where replacement feeding is not a safe alternative. WHO now recommends breastfeeding of infants...

    Authors: Nicolas Nagot, Chipepo Kankasa, Nicolas Meda, Justus Hofmeyr, Cheryl Nikodem, James K Tumwine, Charles Karamagi, Halvor Sommerfelt, Dorine Neveu, Thorkild Tylleskär and Philippe Van de Perre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:246
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  41. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that are associated with the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy and its impact in mortality in a large cohort of patients with extended-spectrum β-la...

    Authors: Galo Peralta, María Lamelo, Patricia Álvarez-García, María Velasco, Alberto Delgado, Juan Pablo Horcajada, María Montero, María Pía Roiz, Maria Carmen Fariñas, Juan Alonso, Luis Martínez Martínez, Alfonso Gutiérrez-Macías, Jose Angel Alava, Azucena Rodríguez, Ana Fleites, Vicente Navarro…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare malignancy, which occurs most often in postmenopausal women. We have previously identified a geographic cluster of vulvar cancer in young Indigenous women living in remote co...

    Authors: Alice R Rumbold, Sarah E Tan, John R Condon, Debbie Taylor-Thomson, Maria Nickels, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Margaret LJ Davy, Margaret M O’Brien, Christine M Connors, Ibrahim Zardawi, Jim Stankovich and Suzanne M Garland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is endemic to tropic regions, mainly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Melioidosis occurs only sporadically in travellers returning from dis...

    Authors: Detlev Schultze, Brigitt Müller, Thomas Bruderer, Günter Dollenmaier, Julia M Riehm and Katia Boggian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:242
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. Contact lens-related infections are often associated with inadequate contact lens hygiene, and therefore, contact lens care products should be able to sufficiently minimise the amount of pathogens that are res...

    Authors: Claudia Hildebrandt, Daniela Wagner, Thomas Kohlmann and Axel Kramer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Healthcare-associated (HCA) infection has emerged as a new epidemiological category. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HCA infection on mortality in community-onset Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodst...

    Authors: Younghee Jung, Myung Jin Lee, Hye-Yun Sin, Nak-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Jinyong Park, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Eu Suk Kim, Sang-Won Park, Kyoung Un Park, Hong Bin Kim, Nam-Joong Kim, Eui-Chong Kim, Kyoung-Ho Song and Myoung-don Oh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare but life threatening condition which may follow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis, monitoring and treatment...

    Authors: Anna Amelia Colombo, Giovanna Giorgiani, Vanina Rognoni, Paola Villani, Milena Furione, Mario Regazzi Bonora, Emilio Paolo Alessandrino, Marco Zecca and Fausto Baldanti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:238
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  49. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a frequent and serious infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. Culture and cytology in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have a high specificity but low sensitivity f...

    Authors: Michael Buess, Gieri Cathomas, Jörg Halter, Lilian Junker, Peter Grendelmeier, Michael Tamm and Daiana Stolz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Previous reports of infection with Clostridium septicum have identified an unexpected association with concurrent malignancy. The reported rate of associated malignancy has been found to be as high as 81 percent....

    Authors: Demetri M Economedes, Jerome Santoro and Carl A Deirmengian
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2012 12:235
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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