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  1. The global increase in the burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) underscores an urgent need for data on factors involved in generation and spread of TB drug resistance. We performed molecular ana...

    Authors: Nicholas Ezati, Deus Lukoye, Eddie M Wampande, Kenneth Musisi, George W Kasule, Frank GJ Cobelens, David P Kateete and Moses L Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:703
  2. World-wide, the notable expansion of HIV/AIDS treatment programs in resource-limited settings has lead to an increasing number of patients in need of second-line cART. To adequately address and prepare for thi...

    Authors: Sandra W Cardoso, Paula M Luz, Luciane Velasque, Thiago S Torres, Isabel C Tavares, Sayonara R Ribeiro, Ronaldo I Moreira, Valdilea G Veloso, Richard D Moore and Beatriz Grinsztejn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:699
  3. China experiencing an increasing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) has played a key role in this process. The aims of this study were to examine the tre...

    Authors: Weibin Cheng, Weiming Tang, Fei Zhong, Giridhar R Babu, Zhigang Han, Faju Qin, Kai Gao, Huixia Mai, Yuteng Zhao, Caiyun Liang, Lirui Fan, Hao Wu, Huifang Xu and Ming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:696
  4. Detection of fungal DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is challenging due to degradation of DNA and presence of PCR inhibitors in these samples. We analyzed FFPE samples of 26 patients by...

    Authors: B Babouee Flury, M Weisser, S Savič Prince, L Bubendorf, M Battegay, R Frei and D Goldenberger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:692
  5. In Norway, it is recommended that children with Shiga-Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are excluded from daycare centers until up to five consecutive negative stool cultures are obtained. Childr...

    Authors: Emily MacDonald, Per Kjetil Dalane, Preben Aavitsland, Lin Thorstensen Brandal, Astrid Louise Wester and Line Vold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:673
  6. Although uncomplicated cystitis is often self-limiting, most such patients will be prescribed antibiotic treatment. We are investigating whether treatment of cystitis with an NSAID is as effective as an antibi...

    Authors: Ingvild Vik, Marianne Bollestad, Nils Grude, Anders Bærheim, Sigvard Mölstad, Lars Bjerrum and Morten Lindbæk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:693
  7. Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) serve as immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis (TB) infection to identify individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) eligible for preventive anti-TB therapy. In this longitudina...

    Authors: Nadine Durema Pullar, Harald Steinum, Johan Nikolai Bruun and Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:667
  8. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are common causes of lower respiratory tract illness. Data on their burden in low and middle-income settings and from Africa are scarce. We aimed to es...

    Authors: Robert Kyeyagalire, Stefano Tempia, Adam L Cohen, Adrian D Smith, Johanna M McAnerney, Veerle Dermaux-Msimang and Cheryl Cohen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:694
  9. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is an important public health issue, because TDR-associated mutation may affect the outcome of antiretroviral treatment potentially or directly. Men who have sex with men (MSM...

    Authors: Yang Jiao, Shuming Li, Zhenpeng Li, Zheng Zhang, Jianhong Zhao, Li Li, Lijuan Wang, Qianqian Yin, Yan Wang, Zhaoli Zeng, Yiming Shao and Liying Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:689
  10. Rickettsia felis is a recently described flea-borne spotted fever group Rickettsia that is an emerging human pathogen. Although there is information on the organism from around the world, there is no information...

    Authors: Jilei Zhang, Guangwu Lu, Patrick Kelly, Zhenwen Zhang, Lanjing Wei, Duonan Yu, Shayilan Kayizha and Chengming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:682
  11. Prison conditions can favor the spread of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate in a Brazilian prison: the performance and accuracy of smear, culture and Detect-TB; performance of smear plus culture ...

    Authors: Karen Barros Schmid, Luciene Scherer, Regina Bones Barcellos, Daniele Kuhleis, Isaías Valente Prestes, Ricardo Ewbank Steffen, Elis Regina Dalla Costa and Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:678
  12. Anal cancer has become one of the most common non-AIDS-defined tumors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) individuals, and a rise in its incidence among HIV+ Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) has ...

    Authors: Rocío Méndez-Martínez, Norma E Rivera-Martínez, Brenda Crabtree-Ramírez, Juan G Sierra-Madero, Yanink Caro-Vega, Silvia C Galván, David Cantú de León and Alejandro García-Carrancá
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:671
  13. Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a major cause of both healthcare and community acquired infections. In developing countries, manual phenotypic tests are the mainstay for the identification of staphylococci w...

    Authors: Geoffrey Omuse, Beatrice Kabera and Gunturu Revathi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:669
  14. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae (AE) in a large centralized Canadian regio...

    Authors: Vikas P Chaubey, Johann D D Pitout, Bruce Dalton, Daniel B Gregson, Terry Ross and Kevin B Laupland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:647
  15. Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by persistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types. In Saudi Arabia which has a population of 6.5 million women over the age of 15 years, approximately ...

    Authors: Abdulaziz AlObaid, Ismail A Al-Badawi, Hanan Al-Kadri, Kusuma Gopala, Walid Kandeil, Wim Quint, Murad Al-Aker and Rodrigo DeAntonio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:643
  16. Linezolid, which has bacteriostatic activity, is approved for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. Meanwhile, daptomycin exerts bactericidal activity against VRE, but is not appr...

    Authors: Yu-Chung Chuang, Jann-Tay Wang, Hsin-Yi Lin and Shan-Chwen Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:687
  17. The HIV co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 play an important role in HIV infection and replication. Therefore we hypothesize that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) with viral control have lower expression of CCR5 and ...

    Authors: Hinta Meijerink, Agnes R Indrati, Reinout van Crevel, Irma Joosten, Hans Koenen and Andre JAM van der Ven
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:683
  18. Chest-x-ray is routinely used in the diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis (TB). This study assesses the incremental cost per true positive test of a point-of-care digital chest-x-ray, in the diagnosis of p...

    Authors: Gambo Aliyu, Samer S El-Kamary, Alash’le Abimiku, Laura Hungerford, Joshua Obasanya and William Blattner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:675
  19. Once considered primarily a pediatric concern, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining recognition as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in adults. A better understanding of RSV epid...

    Authors: Cheryl Volling, Kazi Hassan, Tony Mazzulli, Karen Green, Ahmed Al-Den, Paul Hunter, Rupi Mangat, John Ng and Allison McGeer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:665
  20. Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most important hospital-acquired pathogens in the world, because of its resistance to almost all available antibiotic drugs. Endolysins from phages are attractin...

    Authors: Guangtao Huang, Xiaodong Shen, Yali Gong, Zhiwei Dong, Xia Zhao, Wei Shen, Jing Wang, Fuquan Hu and Yizhi Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:681
  21. Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes acute diarrhoea sporadically, as well as in outbreaks. Understanding the prevalence and types of HAdV in diarrhoea is important for control and preventive measures, especially in...

    Authors: Sabrina John Moyo, Kurt Hanevik, Bjørn Blomberg, Oyvind Kommedal, Svein Arne Nordbø, Samuel Maselle and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:666
  22. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Infantile VL may begin suddenly, with high fe...

    Authors: Fraia Melchionda, Stefania Varani, Filomena Carfagnini, Tamara Belotti, Trentina Di Muccio, Roberto Tigani, Rosalba Bergamaschi and Andrea Pession
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:620
  23. The natural (i.e. unvaccinated population) attack rate of an infectious disease is an important parameter required for understanding disease transmission. As such, it is an input parameter in infectious diseas...

    Authors: Kavisha Jayasundara, Charlene Soobiah, Edward Thommes, Andrea C Tricco and Ayman Chit
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:670
  24. The aim of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in children with latent and active TB compared to healthy controls of the same age and ethnical background.

    Authors: Elisabetta Venturini, Ludovica Facchini, Nuria Martinez-Alier, Vas Novelli, Luisa Galli, Maurizio de Martino and Elena Chiappini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:652
  25. Aspiration pneumonia is an urgent health concern with high mortality and long hospitalization in industrialized and aging countries. However, there is no information about the effectiveness of azithromycin (AZ...

    Authors: Satoshi Marumo, Takashi Teranishi, Yuichi Higami, Yoshihiko Koshimo, Hirofumi Kiyokawa and Motokazu Kato
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:685
  26. Pulmonary nocardiosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised hosts and in some immunocompetent hosts with chronic lung disease; however, few reports have described pulmonary nocardiosis with nontuberculous myc...

    Authors: Kazuma Yagi, Makoto Ishii, Ho Namkoong, Takahiro Asami, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Fumitake Saito, Yoshifumi Kimizuka, Takanori Asakura, Shoji Suzuki, Tetsuro Kamo, Sadatomo Tasaka, Tohru Gonoi, Katsuhiko Kamei, Tomoko Betsuyaku and Naoki Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:684
  27. Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a flavivirus that occurs in Australia and New Guinea. While clinical cases are uncommon, MVEV can cause severe encephalitis with high mortality. Sentinel chicken surv...

    Authors: Linda A Selvey, Cheryl A Johansen, Annette K Broom, Catarina Antão, Michael D Lindsay, John S Mackenzie and David W Smith
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:672
  28. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for colonisation with extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (XDR-PA) in immunocompromised patients and to build a clinical risk score (CRS) based on these results.

    Authors: Matthias Willmann, Anna M Klimek, Wichard Vogel, Jan Liese, Matthias Marschal, Ingo B Autenrieth, Silke Peter and Michael Buhl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:650
  29. Complicated pyelonephritis (cPN), a common cause of hospital admission, is still a poorly-understood entity given the difficulty involved in its correct definition. The aim of this study was to analyze the mai...

    Authors: Veronica A Buonaiuto, Ignacio Marquez, Inmaculada De Toro, Carolina Joya, Juan D Ruiz-Mesa, Raimundo Seara, Antonio Plata, Beatriz Sobrino, Begoña Palop and Juan D Colmenero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:639
  30. Little is known about the association between gender and risk of TB infection. We sought to assess the impact of gender on TB prevalence among people with presumptive tuberculosis at a regional referral hospit...

    Authors: Yap Boum, Daniel Atwine, Patrick Orikiriza, Justus Assimwe, Anne-Laure Page, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire and Maryline Bonnet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:638
  31. Data on the etiologies of pneumonia among children are inadequate, especially in developing countries. The principal objective is to undertake a multicenter incident case–control study of <5-year-old children ...

    Authors: Valentina Sanchez Picot, Thomas Bénet, Melina Messaoudi, Jean-Noël Telles, Monidarin Chou, Tekchheng Eap, Jianwei Wang, Kunling Shen, Jean-William Pape, Vanessa Rouzier, Shally Awasthi, Nitin Pandey, Ashish Bavdekar, Sonali Sanghvi, Annick Robinson, Bénédicte Contamin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:635
  32. The genital skin of males hosts a diversity of HPV genotypes and uncharacterized HPV genotypes. Previously we demonstrated that a specific viral genotype was not identified in 14% of all genital specimens (i.e...

    Authors: Laura Sichero, Christine M Pierce Campbell, William Fulp, Silvaneide Ferreira, João S Sobrinho, Maria Luiza Baggio, Lenice Galan, Roberto C Silva, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Anna R Giuliano and Luisa L Villa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:677
  33. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) testing has been shown to be a valuable tool in cervical cancer screening for the detection of cervical pre-cancer and cancer.

    Authors: Gerd Boehmer, Lisa Wang, Angelika Iftner, Barbara Holz, Juliane Haedicke, Reinhard von Wasielewski, Peter Martus and Thomas Iftner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:674
  34. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with anemia. Understanding the magnitude of H.pylori infection and its association with anemia is important in the management of anemic patients. The aim of this study...

    Authors: Dargaze Kibru, Baye Gelaw, Agersew Alemu and Zelalem Addis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:656
  35. Coxiella burnetii is an obligate bacterial pathogen that causes Q fever. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly exists as a latent infection in healthy people. Co-infection with both pathogens is rare.

    Authors: Jin-Yi Hsu, Chen-Chi Tsai and Kuo-Chih Tseng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:651
  36. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the epidemiology and public health impact of Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis infections. We aimed to determine the extent of enterobiasis, strongyloi...

    Authors: Nahya Salim, Tobias Schindler, Ummi Abdul, Julian Rothen, Blaise Genton, Omar Lweno, Alisa S Mohammed, John Masimba, Denis Kwaba, Salim Abdulla, Marcel Tanner, Claudia Daubenberger and Stefanie Knopp
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:644
  37. Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication in herpes zoster (HZ) patients.

    Authors: Hélène Bricout, Emilia Perinetti, Paolo Marchettini, Pietro Ragni, Carla Maria Zotti, Giovanni Gabutti, Antonio Volpi and Elisabetta Franco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:637
  38. Mathematical or statistical tools are capable to provide a valid help to improve surveillance systems for healthcare and non-healthcare-associated bacterial infections. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tim...

    Authors: Antonio Ballarin, Brunella Posteraro, Giuseppe Demartis, Simona Gervasi, Fabrizio Panzarella, Riccardo Torelli, Francesco Paroni Sterbini, Grazia Morandotti, Patrizia Posteraro, Walter Ricciardi, Kristian A Gervasi Vidal and Maurizio Sanguinetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:634
  39. Dengue infection can result in severe clinical manifestations requiring intensive care. Effective triage is critical for early clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, there is limited k...

    Authors: Junxiong Pang, Tun-Linn Thein, Yee-Sin Leo and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:649
  40. We sought to determine if nasopharyngeal (NP) cultures taken at times of healthy visits or at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) could predict the otopathogen mix and antibiotic-susceptibility of middle ear iso...

    Authors: Ravinder Kaur, Katerina Czup, Janet R Casey and Michael E Pichichero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:640
  41. Basic trainees in the US military have historically been vulnerable to respiratory infections. Adenovirus and influenza are the most common etiological agents responsible for febrile respiratory illness (FRI) ...

    Authors: Damaris S Padin, Dennis Faix, Stephanie Brodine, Hector Lemus, Anthony Hawksworth, Shannon Putnam and Patrick Blair
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:576
  42. Most patients who experience virologic failure (VF) on second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-middle income countries fail due to poor adherence rather than antiretroviral resistance. A simple adheren...

    Authors: Richard Court, Rory Leisegang, Annemie Stewart, Henry Sunpath, Richard Murphy, Philip Winternheimer, Mashuda Ally and Gary Maartens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:664
  43. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as an important community acquired pathogen causing disease (CA-CDI). Vitamin D [25(OH)D] has immune modulatory effects and plays an important rol...

    Authors: Tanya Sahay and Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:661
  44. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase HIV infectivity through local inflammatory processes. Prevalent and incident STIs among people who live with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are indicators of high-risk sexual ...

    Authors: Qing-hai Hu, Jun-jie Xu, Hua-chun Zou, Jing Liu, Jing Zhang, Hai-bo Ding, Han-Zhu Qian, Si-ruo Li, Yu Liu, Yong-jun Jiang, Hong Shang and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:658
  45. The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) strip test has been suggested as a new point-of-care test for active tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. It has been questioned if...

    Authors: Tavs Qvist, Isik S Johansen, Tania Pressler, Niels Høiby, Aase B Andersen, Terese L Katzenstein and Stephanie Bjerrum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:655
  46. Healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role in controlling the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) through early and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention counselling. This ...

    Authors: Pham Thi Lan, Ho Dang Phuc, Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:646
  47. Infants who are exclusively breastfed receive natural protection against some infectious agents. This study examined whether there was protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the occurrence of hand, fo...

    Authors: Hualiang Lin, Limei Sun, Jinyan Lin, Jianfeng He, Aiping Deng, Min Kang, Hanri Zeng, Wenjun Ma and Yonghui Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:645
  48. Since 2000, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and WHO have supported the introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in the immunization programs of developing countries. Th...

    Authors: Fatim Ba, Abdoulaye Seck, Mamadou Bâ, Aliou Thiongane, Moussa Fafa Cissé, Khady Seck, Madeleine Ndour, Pascal Boisier and Benoit Garin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:627

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