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  1. To date, women are most often diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV) using microscopy based Nugent scoring or Amsel criteria. However, the accuracy is less than optimal. The aim of the present study was to co...

    Authors: Joke A. M. Dols, Douwe Molenaar, Jannie J. van der Helm, Martien P. M. Caspers, Alie de Kat Angelino-Bart, Frank H. J. Schuren, Adrianus G. C. L. Speksnijder, Hans V. Westerhoff, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Mathilde E. Boon, Gregor Reid, Henry J. C. de Vries and Remco Kort
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Varicella remains an important public health issue in China. In this study we explored the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of varicella in the temperate city of Jinan, Eastern China during 2012–2...

    Authors: Yunqing Yang, Xingyi Geng, Xiaoxue Liu, Weiru Wang and Ji Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In 2012, the United Kingdom (UK) Government announced that the new entrant screening for active tuberculosis (TB) in Heathrow and Gatwick airports would end. Our study objective was to estimate screening yield...

    Authors: Ettore Severi, Helen Maguire, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Graham Bickler and Ibrahim Abubakar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Many administrative data sources are available to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases, including Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but few publications have compared CDI event rates across database...

    Authors: Margaret A. Olsen, Yinong Young-Xu, Dustin Stwalley, Ciarán P. Kelly, Dale N. Gerding, Mohammed J. Saeed, Cedric Mahé and Erik R. Dubberke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. HIV-associated cognitive impairment has declined since the introduction of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). However, milder forms of cognitive impairment persist. Inflammation in the cerebrospinal ...

    Authors: Sofie Jespersen, Karin Kæreby Pedersen, Birgitta Anesten, Henrik Zetterberg, Dietmar Fuchs, Magnus Gisslén, Lars Hagberg, Marius Trøseid and Susanne Dam Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. In our recent village-based cross-sectional study, the prevalence of nucleic acid amplification technique (NAAT) diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in sexually active Samoan women was very high (36 %), and test...

    Authors: S. Menon, S. H. Stansfield, M. Walsh, E. Hope, L. Isaia, A. A. Righarts, T. Niupulusu, S. V. A. Temese, L. Iosefa-Siitia, L. Auvaa, S. A. Tapelu, M. F. Motu, T. Suaalii-Sauni, P. Timms, P. C. Hill and W. M. Huston
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a poorly understood disease with no known treatments. We describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with laboratory confirme...

    Authors: Mohammed Al Ghamdi, Khalid M. Alghamdi, Yasmeen Ghandoora, Ameera Alzahrani, Fatmah Salah, Abdulmoatani Alsulami, Mayada F. Bawayan, Dhananjay Vaidya, Trish M. Perl and Geeta Sood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda family is the predominant cause of tuberculosis in Uganda. Reasons for this are not clear but are likely to be due to the rampant person-to-person tra...

    Authors: George W. Kasule, David P. Kateete and Moses L. Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Dengue infection has various clinical manifestations, often with unpredictable clinical evolutions and outcomes. Several factors including nutritional status have been studied to find the relationship with den...

    Authors: Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Phuoc Long, Tran Thi Minh Hue, Le Phi Hung, Tran Dinh Trung, Doan Ngoc Dinh, Nguyen Thien Luan, Nguyen Tien Huy and Kenji Hirayama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection that continues to spread to previously unaffected areas of Europe. In the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic (CR), imported as well as autochthonous canine...

    Authors: Jana Matějů, Marta Chanová, David Modrý, Barbora Mitková, Kristýna Hrazdilová, Víta Žampachová and Libuše Kolářová
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:171
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. The increase in antimicrobial-resistant infections has led to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The impact of antimicrobial resistance is greatest on low-income countries, which face the ...

    Authors: Suparna Sharma, Clive Bowman, Bibi Alladin-Karan and Narendra Singh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Presenting to care with advanced HIV is common in sub-Saharan Africa and increases the risk of severe disease and death; however, it remains unclear whether this is a consequence of late diagnosis or a delay i...

    Authors: Mia Liisa van der Kop, Lehana Thabane, Patricia Opondo Awiti, Samuel Muhula, Lennie Bazira Kyomuhangi, Richard Todd Lester and Anna Mia Ekström
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. However, no effective vaccine is yet available. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymers can reduce protein degradation and...

    Authors: Nian-Zhang Zhang, Ying Xu, Meng Wang, Jia Chen, Si-Yang Huang, Qi Gao and Xing-Quan Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems globally. While the antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria is closel...

    Authors: Tomasz A. Leski, Chris R. Taitt, Umaru Bangura, Michael G. Stockelman, Rashid Ansumana, William H. Cooper III, David A. Stenger and Gary J. Vora
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Early review of antimicrobial prescribing decisions within 48 h is recommended to reduce the overall use of unnecessary antibiotics, and in particular the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. When parenteral ant...

    Authors: Laura J. Shallcross, Nick Freemantle, Shasta Nisar and Daniel Ray
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. In a previous study of a Q fever outbreak in Birmingham, our group identified a non-infective complex of Coxiella burnetii (C.b.) antigens able to survive in the host and provoked aberrant humoral and cell-mediat...

    Authors: Olga A. Sukocheva, Jim Manavis, Tuck-Weng Kok, Mark Turra, Angelo Izzo, Peter Blumbergs and Barrie P. Marmion
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:165
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is one of the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Intravitreal ganciclovir injection has been used successfully but no standard regimen was es...

    Authors: Pitipol Choopong, Kamolporn Vivittaworn, Duanphen Konlakij, Somanus Thoongsuwan, Auengporn Pituksung and Nattaporn Tesavibul
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The purpose of this study was to explore molecular epidemiology of HCV genotype 3a in Peshawar based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Core region of HCV genome.

    Authors: Amina Gul, Nabeela Zahid, Jawad Ahmed, Fazli Zahir, Imtiaz Ali Khan and Ijaz Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Chlamydia trachomatis infections remain the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. To gain more insight into the epidemiology and transmission of C. trachomati...

    Authors: Bart Versteeg, Sylvia M. Bruisten, Arie van der Ende and Yvonne Pannekoek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in Beijing, China.

    Authors: Yaowen Zhang, Jing Zhang, Dong Wei, Zhirong Yang, Yanyan Wang and Zhiyuan Yao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a mild encephalopathy caused by various pathological processes, but encephalopathy due to bacteria is rare.

    Authors: Koki Kosami, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Yuka Sagara, Kensuke Minami and Masami Matsumura
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:160
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  22. Systemic antibiotics vary widely in in vitro activity against Clostridium difficile. Some agents with activity against C. difficile (e.g., piperacillin/tazobactam) inhibit establishment of colonization in mice. W...

    Authors: Sirisha Kundrapu, Venkata C. K. Sunkesula, Lucy A. Jury, Jennifer L. Cadnum, Michelle M. Nerandzic, Jackson S. Musuuza, Ajay K. Sethi and Curtis J. Donskey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Influenza is a common infection among travelers, and attack rates are well documented in short-term travelers and holiday makers. Little data exists on long-term, non-expatriate travelers.

    Authors: Jane Whelan, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Anneke van den Hoek, Sanne-Meike Belderok and Gerard J. B. Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and animals throughout Libya. Current diagnosis is based on detection of Toxoplasma-specific IgM and IgG. In this study, we establi...

    Authors: Aisha Gashout, Ahmad Amro, Mabruk Erhuma, Hamida Al-Dwibe, Eanas Elmaihub, Hamouda Babba, Nabil Nattah and Abdalhafid Abudher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Urinary tract infection (UTI) among patients with neurogenic bladder is a major problem but its management is not well known. We studied the relationship between antibiotic regimen use and the cure rate of tho...

    Authors: Aurélien Dinh, Adnène Toumi, Constance Blanc, Alexis Descatha, Frédérique Bouchand, Jérôme Salomon, Thomas Hanslik, Benjamin Bernuz, Pierre Denys and Louis Bernard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Determining whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a true causative pathogen or reflective of colonization when MRSA is cultured from the respiratory tract remains important in treating pat...

    Authors: Toshinori Kawanami, Kazuhiro Yatera, Kei Yamasaki, Shingo Noguchi, Kazumasa Fukuda, Kentarou Akata, Keisuke Naito, Takashi Kido, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Hatsumi Taniguchi and Hiroshi Mukae
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Recent emergence of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum has posed a serious hindrance to the elimination of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Parasite clearance time, a measure of change in peripheral para...

    Authors: Eugenia Lo, Jennifer Nguyen, Winny Oo, Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder, Guofa Zhou, Zhaoqing Yang, Liwang Cui and Guiyun Yan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. HPV is a major cancer-causing factor in both sexes in the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, oropharynx as well as the causal factor in other diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papilloma...

    Authors: L. Boiron, E. Joura, N. Largeron, B. Prager and M. Uhart
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The recent emergence of azithromycin-resistant (AZM-R) N. gonorrhoeae isolates that have coevolved decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has caused great concern. Here we investigated the p...

    Authors: Jing-Yao Liang, Wen-Ling Cao, Xiao-Dong Li, Chao Bi, Ri-Dong Yang, Yan-Hua Liang, Ping Li, Xing-Dong Ye, Xiao-Xiao Chen and Xi-Bao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Malaria remains a major cause of febrile illness in Nigeria and interventions to reduce malaria burden in Nigeria focus on the use of insecticide-treated nets. This study determined the prevalence of malaria p...

    Authors: Anthony Achizie Iwuafor, Chukwudi Charles Egwuatu, Agwu Ulu Nnachi, Ita Okokon Ita, Godwin Ibitham Ogban, Comfort Nneka Akujobi and Tenny Obiageli Egwuatu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Despite high morbidity and mortality, the laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections is largely neglected in tropical African settings. This study aims to apply the Luminex multiplex PCR assay for the...

    Authors: Daniel Eibach, Ralf Krumkamp, Andreas Hahn, Nimako Sarpong, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Amelie Leva, Julia Käsmaier, Marcus Panning, Jürgen May and Egbert Tannich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are leading causes of childhood pneumonia and meningitis and are major contributors to worldwide mortality in children ...

    Authors: Jiayu Hu, Xiaodong Sun, Zhuoying Huang, Abram L. Wagner, Bradley Carlson, Jianping Yang, Suwen Tang, Yunyi Li, Matthew L. Boulton and Zhengan Yuan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Trichosporon species are ubiquitously spread and known to be part of the normal human flora of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Trichosporon spp. normally cause superficial infecti...

    Authors: Claudy Oliveira dos Santos, Jan G. Zijlstra, Robert J. Porte, Greetje A. Kampinga, Anne D. van Diepeningen, Bhanu Sinha and Erik Bathoorn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:148
    Content type: Case report Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:279

  34. In intensive care unit (ICU), infection and colonization by resistant Gram-negative bacteria increase costs, length of stay and mortality. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase − producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-...

    Authors: Mikael Alves, Astrid Lemire, Dominique Decré, Dimitri Margetis, Naïke Bigé, Claire Pichereau, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Jean-Luc Baudel, Georges Offenstadt, Bertrand Guidet, Frédéric Barbut and Eric Maury
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The study aimed to explore the sensitivity and specificity of a novel fast 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing assay for the improved diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with suspected native or prost...

    Authors: Robert J. H. Miller, Barbara Chow, Dylan Pillai and Deirdre Church
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Among the various forms of TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe, with about 30 % mortality and 50 % of survivors left with neurological sequelae. Children suffer more frequently from TBM than ad...

    Authors: Thomas Pouplin, Nguyen Duc Bang, Pham Van Toi, Pham Nguyen Phuong, Nguyen Huy Dung, Tran Ngoc Duong, Maxine Caws, Guy E. Thwaites, Joel Tarning and Jeremy N. Day
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The establishment of therapeutic regimens for mycobacteriosis depends on the accurate identification of Mycobacterium species, and misdiagnosis can result in inappropriate treatment and increased mortality of pat...

    Authors: Fabiane N. Riello, Rebecca T. S. Brígido, Sergio Araújo, Tomaz A. Moreira, Luiz Ricardo Goulart and Isabela M. B. Goulart
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Interpretation of serological assays in Lyme borreliosis requires an understanding of the clinical indications and the limitations of the currently available tests. We therefore systematically reviewed the acc...

    Authors: M. M. G. Leeflang, C. W. Ang, J. Berkhout, H. A. Bijlmer, W. Van Bortel, A. H. Brandenburg, N. D. Van Burgel, A. P. Van Dam, R. B. Dessau, V. Fingerle, J. W. R. Hovius, B. Jaulhac, B. Meijer, W. Van Pelt, J. F. P. Schellekens, R. Spijker…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. There are over 250 foodborne diseases and are of growing public health concern worldwide. The distribution of these diseases varies from one locality to the other. Foodborne diseases come about as a result of ...

    Authors: Benjamin Osei-Tutu and Francis Anto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. A successful host immune response to infection is dependent upon both innate and adaptive immune effector mechanisms. Cutaneous leishmaniasis results in an adaptive Th1 CD4+ T cell response that efficiently clear...

    Authors: Wafa Kammoun-Rebai, Ikbel Naouar, Valentina Libri, Matthew Albert, Hechmi Louzir, Amel Meddeb-Garnaoui and Darragh Duffy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Following successful eradication of wild polioviruses and planned globally-coordinated cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), national and global health leaders may need to respond to outbreaks from reint...

    Authors: Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Mark A. Pallansch, Steven G. F. Wassilak, Stephen L. Cochi and Kimberly M. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. In Zambia the vast majority of chest radiographs (CXR) are read by clinical officers who have limited training and varied interpretation experience, meaning lower inter-rater reliability and limiting the usefu...

    Authors: German Henostroza, Jennifer B. Harris, Nzali Kancheya, Venerandah Nhandu, Stable Besa, Robert Musopole, Annika Krüüner, Chisela Chileshe, Ian J. Dunn and Stewart E. Reid
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan in humans worldwide with high infection rates occurring in densely populated and low resource settings. The parasite has been re...

    Authors: C. Mbae, E. Mulinge, F. Guleid, J. Wainaina, A. Waruru, Z. K. Njiru and S. Kariuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Opportunistic illnesses still account for a huge proportion of hospitalizations and deaths among HIV-infected patients in the post combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, particularly in middle- and low...

    Authors: Lara E. Coelho, Sandra W. Cardoso, Rodrigo T. Amancio, Ronaldo I. Moreira, Sayonara R. Ribeiro, Alessandra B. Coelho, Dayse P. Campos, Valdiléa G. Veloso, Beatriz Grinsztejn and Paula M. Luz
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection causing large outbreaks all over the world. Despite the availability of safe and cost effective vaccine, measles remained endemic with persistent periodic outbrea...

    Authors: Mekonen Getahun, Berhane Beyene, Ayesheshem Ademe, Birke Teshome, Mesfin Tefera, Anjelo Asha, Aklog Afework, Yoseph HaileMariyam, Esete Assefa and Kathleen Gallagher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Diseases occur in populations whose individuals differ in essential characteristics, such as exposure to the causative agent, susceptibility given exposure, and infectiousness upon infection in the case of inf...

    Authors: M. Gabriela M. Gomes, Maurício L. Barreto, Philippe Glaziou, Graham F. Medley, Laura C. Rodrigues, Jacco Wallinga and S. Bertel Squire
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:132
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  50. Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, causing morbidity and mortality in adults and children. The most reliable diagnostic tools currently available are the in vivo Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) an...

    Authors: Patrizia Laurenti, Matteo Raponi, Chiara de Waure, Marta Marino, Walter Ricciardi and Gianfranco Damiani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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BMC Infectious Diseases

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