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  1. Parasitic infections affect tens of millions of pregnant women worldwide, and directly or indirectly lead to a spectrum of adverse maternal and fetal/placental effects. The objective of this study was to asses...

    Authors: Adane Derso, Endalkachew Nibret and Abaineh Munshea
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:530
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. There are increasing data regarding Terrisporobacter glycolicus as an emerging anaerobic pathogen. However, the few published cases to date usually report it as part of a polymicrobial infection. Here, we describ...

    Authors: Matthew P. Cheng, Marc-Christian Domingo, Simon Lévesque and Cedric P. Yansouni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:529
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) in non-HIV patients is still a challenge for intensivists. The aim of our study was to evaluate mortality predictors of PJP patients requiring Intensive care unit (ICU) admis...

    Authors: Li Weng, Xu Huang, Lie Chen, Li-Qin Feng, Wei Jiang, Xiao-Yun Hu, Jin-Min Peng, Chun-Yao Wang, Qing-Yuan Zhan and Bin Du
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:528
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. We present an extremely rare case of tubo-ovarian abscesses involving Corynebacterium striatum (C. striatum) as causative agent in a 53-year-old woman.

    Authors: Tetsuya Yamamoto, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Shimpei Mizuki, Yuki Nakashima, Houu Kou, Motoyoshi Maruo and Hozuka Akita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:527
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Longitudinal studies of female sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to loss to follow-up (LTFU) due to this population’s high mobility and low willingness to self-identify as FSWs. LTFU in cohort studies is a cri...

    Authors: Yingying Su, Guowei Ding, Kathleen H. Reilly, Jessie L. Norris, Huixin Liu, Zheng Li, Guixiang Wang, Ganggang Fang and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:526
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) can increase the incidence of fulminant hepatitis. For this infection occurs, the host must also be infected with Hepatitis B Virus. Previous studies demonstrated the endemicity...

    Authors: Maira Ferreira Cicero, Nathalia Mantovani Pena, Luiz Claudio Santana, Rafael Arnold, Rafael Gonçalves Azevedo, Élcio de Souza Leal, Ricardo Sobhie Diaz and Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:525
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Literature shows inconsistency in meteorological effects on Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in different cities. This multi-city study aims to investigate the meteorological effects on pediatric HFMD occu...

    Authors: Cui Guo, Jun Yang, Yuming Guo, Qiao-Qun Ou, Shuang-Quan Shen, Chun-Quan Ou and Qi-Yong Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:524
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and HIV infection as well as other factors may worsen the situation. This study was aimed at determining the factors influencing mala...

    Authors: Ayukenchengamba Bate, Helen K. Kimbi, Emmaculate Lum, Leopold G. Lehman, Elias F. Onyoh, Lucy M. Ndip, Conica M. Njabi, Calvin Tonga, Godlove B.Wempnje, Roland N. Ndip and Pascal O. Bessong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:523
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Pertussis is a potentially serious respiratory illness characterized by cough of exceptionally long duration of up to approximately100 days. While macrolide antibiotics are an effective treatment, there is an ...

    Authors: Jennifer K. Knapp, Mark L. Wilson, Susan Murray and Matthew L. Boulton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:522
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, all but three countries (Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan) have apparently interrupted all wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission, and only one of thr...

    Authors: Kevin A. McCarthy, Guillaume Chabot-Couture and Faisal Shuaib
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:521
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Botswana is one of eight SADC countries targeting malaria elimination by 2018. Through spirited upscaling of control activities and passive surveillance, significant reductions in case incidence of Plasmodium fal...

    Authors: Thato Motshoge, Grace K. Ababio, Larysa Aleksenko, John Read, Elias Peloewetse, Mazhani Loeto, Tjantilili Mosweunyane, Kentse Moakofhi, Davies S. Ntebele, Simon Chihanga, Mpho Motlaleng, Anderson Chinorumba, Moses Vurayai, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Giacomo M. Paganotti and Isaac K. Quaye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:520
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Authors: Seongman Bae, Taeeun Kim, Min-Chul Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Heungsup Sung, Young-Suk Lim, Sang-Oh Lee, Mi-Na Kim, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo and Sang-Ho Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:519
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:252

  13. In a proportion of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis who develop paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), the clinical course of IRIS is prolonged necessitating substantial healt...

    Authors: Tasnim M. Bana, Maia Lesosky, Dominique J. Pepper, Helen van der Plas, Charlotte Schutz, Rene Goliath, Chelsea Morroni, Marc Mendelson, Gary Maartens, Robert J. Wilkinson and Graeme Meintjes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:518
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Routinely used TB diagnostic methods, in most endemic areas, are time-consum...

    Authors: El Mehdi Bentaleb, Mohammed Abid, My Driss El Messaoudi, Brahim Lakssir, El Mostafa Ressami, Saaïd Amzazi, Hassan Sefrioui and Hassan Ait Benhassou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:517
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains has been a big challenge to the TB control and prevention in China. Knowledge about patterns of drug re...

    Authors: Di Li, Jing-Li Wang, Bin-Ying Ji, Jia-Yi Cui, Xin-Ling Pan, Chang-Long Fan, Chang-Xia Shao, Li-Na Zhao, Yuan-Ping Ma, Liu-Zhuo Zhang, Chun-Lei Zhang, Cai-Bo Dong, Toshio Hattori and Hong Ling
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:516
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. In the absence of an adult vaccination register, coverage estimates for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination come from surveys and other data sources.

    Authors: Amalie Dyda, Surendra Karki, Andrew Hayen, C. Raina MacIntyre, Robert Menzies, Emily Banks, John M. Kaldor and Bette Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:515
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of EPTB is challenging in resource-limited settings due to difficulties in obtaining samples, as well as t...

    Authors: George Sikalengo, Adria Ramirez, Diana Faini, Kim Mwamelo, Manuel Battegay, Levan Jugheli, Christoph Hatz, Klaus Reither and Emilio Letang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:514
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is a serious public health issue due to both its worldwide prevalence and the severe and permanent impairments it causes. However, awareness of this infection is low in the gene...

    Authors: Sandro Binda, Laura Pellegrinelli, Marco Terraneo, Alessandra Caserini, Valeria Primache, Laura Bubba and Maria Barbi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:513
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Dengue is endemic throughout Cambodia, a country faced with significant health and economic challenges. We undertook a clinical study at the National Paediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh to evaluate clinical diag...

    Authors: Philippe Cavailler, Arnaud Tarantola, Yee Sin Leo, Andrew A. Lover, Anne Rachline, Moniboth Duch, Rekol Huy, Ai Li Quake, Yuvatha Kdan, Veasna Duong, Jeremy L. Brett and Philippe Buchy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:512
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Acute diarrhea is one of the most serious problems in global public health that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human caliciviruses (HuCV) including norovirus (NoV, genogroup GI and GII)...

    Authors: Shun-Xian Zhang, Li Li, Jian-Wen Yin, Miao Jin, Xiang-Yu Kong, Li-Li Pang, Yong-Kang Zhou, Li-Guang Tian, Jia-Xu Chen and Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:511
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Among children diagnosed to have chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) in Ethiopia, many have been observed to develop recurrence of rheumatic fever (RF) despite secondary prophylaxis. This study dete...

    Authors: Nigus Zegeye, Daniel Asrat, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Abebe Habte, Etsegenet Gedlu, Tone Tønjum and Abraham Aseffa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:510
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is increasingly being utilized for molecular typing of pathogens and is cost-effective, especially for large numbers of isolates. The goals of this study were 1)...

    Authors: Holly M. Frost, Jennifer L. Anderson, Lynn Ivacic, Brian L. Sloss, John Embil and Jennifer K. Meece
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:509
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Diarrhea caused by viruses is a global problem among young children. We investigated two of the most important agents, rotavirus and adenovirus, to provide epidemiological evidence for a better understanding o...

    Authors: Liying Liu, Yuan Qian, You Zhang, Linqing Zhao, Liping Jia and Huijing Dong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:508
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. As an immune modulator, vitamin D is involved in various pathophysiological mechanisms in a plethora of diseases. This study aims to correlate the vitamin D deficiency status and clinical progression of liver ...

    Authors: Nghiem Xuan Hoan, Nguyen Khuyen, Mai Thanh Binh, Dao Phuong Giang, Hoang Van Tong, Phan Quoc Hoan, Ngo Tat Trung, Do Tuan Anh, Nguyen Linh Toan, Christian G. Meyer, Peter G. Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan and Le Huu Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:507
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Despite a worldwide common and progressive nature of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in older men, no association has been observed between a causative pathogen and other etiology so far.

    Authors: Jamshaid Iqbal, Jumanah Al-Rashed and Elijah O. Kehinde
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:506
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Although rubella is generally considered a benign childhood disease, infection of a pregnant woman can cause foetal congenital rubella syndrome, which results in embryo-foetal disease and malformations. The sy...

    Authors: Alain Farra, Marilou Pagonendji, Alexandre Manikariza, Dieubéni Rawago, Rock Ouambita-Mabo, Gilbert Guifara and Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:505
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. To determine the distribution of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genotypes in a Ugandan population of persons with tuberculosis (TB) and establish the relationship between class I HLA types and Mycobacteriu...

    Authors: Helen K. Buteme, Rebecca Axelsson-Robertson, Lina Benson, Moses L. Joloba, W. Henry Boom, Gunilla Kallenius and Markus Maeurer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:504
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The use of neuraminidase-inhibiting anti-viral medication to treat influenza is relatively infrequent. Rapid, cost-effective methods for diagnosing influenza are needed to enable appropriate prescribing. Multi...

    Authors: Richard K. Zimmerman, G. K. Balasubramani, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Heather Eng, Leonard Urbanski, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Huong Q. McLean, Edward A. Belongia, Arnold S. Monto, Ryan E. Malosh, Manjusha Gaglani, Lydia Clipper, Brendan Flannery and Stephen R. Wisniewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:503
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Acquisition of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common among the young, sexually active population. Genital HPV infections do not always lead to seroconversion. We aimed to assess the associatio...

    Authors: Alexandra Kovaleva, Catharina J. Alberts, Tim Waterboer, Angelika Michel, Marieke B. Snijder, Wilma Vermeulen, Liza Coyer, Maria Prins and Maarten Schim van der Loeff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:502
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remains an enormous burden to international public health. Post-mortem studies have highlighted the high proportion of HIV-positive adults admitted to hospital wit...

    Authors: Ankur Gupta-Wright, Katherine L. Fielding, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Douglas K. Wilson, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Clare Flach, Krishna P. Reddy, Rochelle P. Walensky, Jurgens A. Peters, Melanie Alufandika-Moyo and Stephen D. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:501
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:604

  32. Influenza often causes winter and summer epidemics in subtropical regions, but few studies have investigated the difference in healthcare seeking behavior of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) between ...

    Authors: Huaiqing Meng, Qiuyan Liao, Lorna Kwai Ping Suen, Margaret O’Donoghue, Chit Ming Wong and Lin Yang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:499
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China. However, current HBV prevalence status in blood donors has not been entirely examined, which may impact HB...

    Authors: Zhen Wang, Jinfeng Zeng, Tingting Li, Xin Zheng, Xiaoxuan Xu, Xianlin Ye, Liang Lu, Weigang Zhu, Baocheng Yang, Jean-Pierre Allain and Chengyao Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:498
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Linkage to HIV care is crucial to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs worldwide, loss to follow up at all stages of the care continuum is frequent, and long-term prospective studies of care li...

    Authors: Elizabeth A. Reddy, Chris Bernard Agala, Venance P. Maro, Jan Ostermann, Brian W. Pence, Dafrosa K. Itemba, Donna Safley, Jia Yao, Nathan M. Thielman and Kathryn Whetten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:497
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Endophthalmitis is potentially devastating intraocular inflammation following eye trauma or surgery. We describe the visual outcomes and causative pathogens in acute bacterial postoperative and posttraumatic e...

    Authors: Robert Rejdak, Tomasz Choragiewicz, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Michael J. Koss, Piotr Ksiazek, Joanna Moneta-Wielgos, Ryszard Maciejewski, Anselm G. Jünemann and Katarzyna Nowomiejska
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:496
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with dermatophytoses (tinea-IRIS) may cause considerable morbidity. Yet, it has been scarcely reported and is rarely considered in the differential diagno...

    Authors: Herry Mapesi, Adrià Ramírez, Marcel Tanner, Christoph Hatz and Emilio Letang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:495
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Brazil’s National Tuberculosis Control Program seeks to improve tuberculosis (TB) treatment in vulnerable populations. Slum residents are more vulnerable to TB due to a variety of factors, including their over...

    Authors: Robert E. Snyder, Mariel A. Marlow, Melissa E. Phuphanich, Lee W. Riley and Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:494
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, Gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting rod that was first identified in 1999. Because of the difficulty in accurate species identification of C. gilardii, there are few case repo...

    Authors: Takehito Kobayashi, Itaru Nakamura, Hiroaki Fujita, Ayaka Tsukimori, Akihiro Sato, Shinji Fukushima, Kiyofumi Ohkusu and Tetsuya Matsumoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:493
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. A previous cohort study indicated that atazanavir (ATV), a protease inhibitor used for HIV treatment, is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. The objective of this study was to ...

    Authors: Lisa Rosenblatt, Amanda M. Farr, Ella T. Nkhoma, James K. Nelson, Corey Ritchings and Stephen S. Johnston
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:492
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:547

  40. Few reports have investigated the association between human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) in countries where both infections are endemic. This study estimates the incidence of TB i...

    Authors: Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi, Normeide Pedreira dos Santos, Monique Lírio, Afrânio Lineu Kritski, Maria da Conceição Chagas Almeida, Leonardo Pereira Santana, Noilson Lázaro, Juarez Dias, Eduardo Martins Netto and Bernardo Galvão-Castro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. In critically ill patients the incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. has increased remarkably. Echinocandins are recommended as initial treatment for invasive fungal infections. The safet...

    Authors: Patrick J. van der Geest, Nicole G. M. Hunfeld, Sophie E. Ladage and A. B. Johan Groeneveld
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (AHCVI) outbreaks have been described recently within defined areas worldwide among HIV-infected homosexual men. This study aims to describe the cumulative frequency and...

    Authors: Karin Neukam, Pompeyo Viciana, Guillermo Ojeda-Burgos, Marcial Delgado-Fernández, María J. Ríos, Juan Macías, Dolores Merino, Antonio Collado, Francisco Téllez and Juan A. Pineda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Thymosin α1 (Tα1) as immunomodulatory treatment is supposed to be beneficial for the sepsis patients by regulating T cell subsets and inflammatory mediators. However, limited by the small sample size and the p...

    Authors: Fang Liu, Hong-Mei Wang, Tiansheng Wang, Ya-Mei Zhang and Xi Zhu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Interaction between immune system and Chandipura virus (CHPV) during different stages of its life cycle remain poorly understood. The exact route of virus entry into the blood and CNS invasion has not been cle...

    Authors: Soumen Roy, Daya Pavitrakar, Rashmi Gunjikar, Vijay M. Ayachit, Vijay P. Bondre and Gajanan N. Sapkal
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:487
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.

    Authors: María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Teresa Rodrigo, María Neus Altet, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Martí Casals, Antón Penas, Isabel Mir, Segismundo Solano Reina, Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda and Joan A. Caylá
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in school children in the community of Tlaltizapan, in order to understand the dynamics of infection within the ...

    Authors: Liliana Rojas, Patricia Morán, Alicia Valadez, Alejandro Gómez, Enrique González, Eric Hernández, Oswaldo Partida, Miriam Nieves, Marco Gudiño, Ulises Magaña, Javier Torres and Cecilia Ximénez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:485
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. In 2014 the Swedish government assigned to The Public Health Agency of Sweden to conduct studies to evaluate optimal use of existing antibiotic agents. The aim is to optimize drug use and dosing regimens to im...

    Authors: Gunilla Skoog, Charlotta Edlund, Christian G. Giske, Sigvard Mölstad, Christer Norman, Pär-Daniel Sundvall and Katarina Hedin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:484
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Bacterial meningitis is not rare in post-neurosurgical patients. If patients are not treated promptly, the mortality rate can reach 20 to 50 %. The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate has been r...

    Authors: Xiong Xiao, Yang Zhang, Liwei Zhang, Peng Kang and Nan Ji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Seroprevalence data and clinical studies in children suggest that the burden of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Africa may be underestimated. We performed a systematic review to determine the prevalence and at...

    Authors: Sean Wasserman, Mark E. Engel, Rulan Griesel and Marc Mendelson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:482
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Infections with influenza A virus cannot be clinically differentiated from infections caused by influenza B virus or other respiratory viruses. Additionally, although antiviral treatment is available for influ...

    Authors: Sevim Mese, Hulya Akan, Selim Badur and Aysun Uyanik
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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