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  1. HIV testing serves as a critical gateway for linkage and retention to care services, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries with high burden of HIV infections. However, the current progress towards addr...

    Authors: Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Tivani Mashamba-Thompson, Sizwe Makhunga and Khumbulani Hlongwana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:496
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. There is currently no research on the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for a single pathogens in CSF. The aim of this study was to analyse the value of mNGS for identifying Strept...

    Authors: Xi-xi Zhang, Ling-yun Guo, Lin-lin Liu, Ao Shen, Wen-ya Feng, Wen-hua Huang, Hui-li Hu, Bing Hu, Xin Guo, Tian-ming Chen, He-ying Chen, Yong-qiang Jiang and Gang Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:495
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. A high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking apps (Apps) to seek partners. However, the relationship of app use with HIV risk is unknown. Further, the risks of some sexually tr...

    Authors: Ning Zhao, Katherine T. Li, Yang-yang Gao, Jun-jie Xu and De-Sheng Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:494
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Dengue is becoming a major public health concern in Guangdong (GD) Province of China. The problem was highlighted in 2014 by an unprecedented explosive outbreak, where the number of cases was larger than the t...

    Authors: Guanghu Zhu, Jianpeng Xiao, Tao Liu, Bing Zhang, Yuantao Hao and Wenjun Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:493
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by an excessive systemic inflammatory response, which can be classified as primary HLH (pHLH) and secondary HLH (sHLH). Viru...

    Authors: Xiaoling Yang, Chuan Wang, Libo Wu, Xiaoqian Jiang, Sumei Zhang and Fuchun Jing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:492
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Medical masks are commonly used in health care settings to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from respiratory and other infections. Airborne respiratory pathogens may settle on the surface of used masks layers...

    Authors: Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, William Rawlinson, Giulietta Pontivivo, Quanyi Wang, Yang Pan, Daitao Zhang, Yi Zhang, Lili Li and C. Raina MacIntyre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. We describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with liver abscesses and investigate relationships between clinical, radiological and microbiological findings and mortality.

    Authors: Lorna Neill, Frances Edwards, Simon M. Collin, David Harrington, Dominic Wakerley, Guduru Gopal Rao and Alastair C. McGregor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. A delayed initiation of tuberculosis treatment results in high morbidity, mortality, and increased person-to-person transmissions. The aim of this study was to assess treatment delay and its associated factors...

    Authors: Kenaw Tegegne Tefera, Nebiyu Mesfin, Mebratu Mitiku Reta, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Koku Sisay Tamirat and Temesgen Yihunie Akalu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. There are limited studies focusing on liver abscess with negative microbiological cultures. This study evaluated the clinical and prognostic differences of patients with culture-negative liver abscess (CNLA) c...

    Authors: Jai Hoon Yoon, Youn Jeong Kim and Sang Il Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in Zimbabwe with recurrent outbreaks reported since 2009. To provide guidance on appropriate treatment choice in order to minimise the morbidity and mortalit...

    Authors: Tapfumanei Mashe, Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe, Andrew Tarupiwa, Ellen Munemo, Sekesai Mtapuri-Zinyowera, Shannon L. Smouse, Arvinda Sooka, Babill Stray-Pedersen, Anthony M. Smith and Joshua Mbanga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:487
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The increase in drug resistance to affordable antibiotics used to treat Gram positive bacterial infections has complicated the management of enterococcal infections. Resistance to vancomycin, one of the most p...

    Authors: David P. Kateete, Moses Edolu, Edgar Kigozi, Jeffrey Kisukye, Hannington Baluku, Frank Nobert Mwiine and Christine F. Najjuka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Bordetella trematum is an infrequent Gram-negative coccobacillus, with a reservoir, pathogenesis, a life cycle and a virulence level which has been poorly elucidated and understood. Related information is scarce ...

    Authors: Thaís Regina y Castro, Roberta Cristina Ruedas Martins, Nara Lúcia Frasson Dal Forno, Luciana Santana, Flávia Rossi, Alexandre Vargas Schwarzbold, Silvia Figueiredo Costa and Priscila de Arruda Trindade
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:485
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. Network meta-analyses (NMAs) provide comparative treatment effects estimates in the absence of head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This NMA compared the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) ...

    Authors: Sonya J. Snedecor, Matthew Radford, David Kratochvil, Richard Grove and Yogesh S. Punekar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:484
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Previous studies reported contradicting findings about the association between intestinal parasitosis and maternal anemia. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection a...

    Authors: Amelo Bolka and Samson Gebremedhin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. To assess the immune persistence conferred by a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) 17 to 20 years after primary immunization during early life.

    Authors: Yu-Liang Zhao, Bi-Hua Han, Xin-Jiang Zhang, Lu-Lu Pan, Hai-Song Zhou, Zhao Gao, Zhi-Yong Hao, Zhi-Wei Wu, Tian-Li Ma, Feng Wang, Qi Li, Sheng-Li Bi and Jing-Chen Ma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:482
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Delayed tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment increase morbidity, mortality, expenditure, and transmission in the community. This study assessed patient and provider related delays to diagnosis and treatme...

    Authors: Abyot Asres, Degu Jerene and Wakgari Deressa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Some reports are available on the prevalence of opportunistic parasitoses among hemodialysis (HD) patients, yet there is a paucity of data on the association of CD4+ T-cell counts with such infections. Therefo...

    Authors: Amany I. Shehata, Faika Hassanein and Rashad Abdul-Ghani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The increasing availability of high-throughput sequencing data provides researchers with unprecedented opportunities to investigate viral genetic elements in host genomes that contribute to virus-linked cancer...

    Authors: Bingqing Yan, Xinyi Liu, Siwei Zhang, Siyang Yu, Fangjia Tong, Huanhuan Xie, Lianhao Song, Yan Zhang and Lanlan Wei
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:479
    Content type: Software Published on:

  19. Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) diseases disproportionately affect populations in middle/low-income countries. To assess if this disparity is reflected in colonization by these organis...

    Authors: Felipe Piedade Gonçalves Neves, Mariel Asbury Marlow, Gabriel Rezende-Pereira, Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro, Allyne Fandino Martinez dos Santos, Maria de Fátima Nogueira de Freitas, Rosana Rocha Barros, Fábio Aguiar-Alves, Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso and Lee Woodland Riley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:478
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Onchocerciasis is caused by a nematode worm Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted in Sudan by black fly vectors of the Simulium damnosum sensu lato species complex. In Sudan, the disease is found in four foci...

    Authors: Isam M. A. Zarroug, Arwa Elaagip, Suhaib G. Gumaa, Altayeb K. Ali, Ayman Ahmed, Hanaa A. M. Siam, Deena M. Abdelgadir, Olabanji A. Surakat, Olatunwa J. Olamiju, Daniel A. Boakye, Nabil Aziz and Kamal Hashim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified severe infectious disease caused by SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV). SFTS monitoring has been carried out since 2010 in mainland China. We anal...

    Authors: Xiaoxia Huang, Shujun Ding, Xiaolin Jiang, Bo Pang, Quanfu Zhang, Chuan Li, Aqian Li, Jiandong Li, Mifang Liang, Shiwen Wang and Dexin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Fear of TB infection is rooted in historical and social memories of the disease, marked by stigma, segregation and exclusion. Healthcare workers (HCWs) face these same fears today, and even seek to hide their ...

    Authors: Michelle Engelbrecht, Asta Rau, Gladys Kigozi, André Janse van Rensburg, Edwin Wouters, Nina Sommerland, Caroline Masquillier and Kerry Uebel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in Ethiopia, killing more than 30 thousand people every year. This study aimed to determine whether the rates of poor TB treatment out...

    Authors: Kefyalew Addis Alene, Kerri Viney, Darren J. Gray, Emma S. McBryde, Maereg Wagnew and Archie C. A. Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:474
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Leptospirosis is one of the leading global zoonotic causes of morbidity and mortality. It is induced by a pathogenic spirochete of the genus Leptospira. The icteric form of leptospirosis is characterized by pr...

    Authors: Alicja J. Kunikowska, Monika Wildgruber, Ewert Schulte-Frohlinde, Tobias Lahmer, Roland M. Schmid and Wolfgang Huber
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:473
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Bicycle-spoke injuries rarely cause late complications of infection, including sepsis and sepsis-associated encephalopathy, with appropriate treatments.

    Authors: Ryuichi Takemoto, Yoshitomo Motomura, Noriyuki Kaku, Yuko Ichimiya, Mamoru Muraoka, Shunsuke Kanno, Tamami Tanaka, Yasunari Sakai, Yoshihiko Maehara and Shouichi Ohga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:472
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  26. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used as part of the clinical criteria in diagnostic workup of invasive fungal diseases like invasive aspergillosis, and may identify radiographic abnormali...

    Authors: Jie Jin, Depei Wu, Yang Liu, Sisi Pan, Jean Li Yan, Jalal A. Aram, Yin-jun Lou, Haitao Meng, Xiaochen Chen, Xian’an Zhang, Ilan S. Schwartz and Thomas F. Patterson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. This paper outlines the methodology, study population and response rate of a third large Dutch population-based cross-sectional serosurvey carried-out in 2016/2017, primarily aiming to obtain insight into age-...

    Authors: Janneke Doortje Maria Verberk, Regnerus Albertus Vos, Liesbeth Mollema, Jeffrey van Vliet, Joanna Wilhelmina Maria van Weert, Hester Ellen de Melker and Fiona Regina Maria van der Klis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:470
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that two of the author names were incorrectly displayed in the pdf version of the paper, while one other name was incorrectly tagged in the XML v...

    Authors: Arne Schröder, Aurélie Gerin, Gregory B. Firth, Kelly S. Hoffmann, Andrew Grieve and Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:469
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:317

  29. Microbiological criteria for diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) include positive culture results from at least two separately expectorated sputum specimens or one bronchial wash...

    Authors: Hyung-Jun Kim, Jong Hyuk Lee, Soon Ho Yoon, Sung A. Kim, Myoung Sil Kim, Sun Mi Choi, Jinwoo Lee, Chang-Hoon Lee, Sung Koo Han and Jae-Joon Yim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is usually associated with aseptic meningitis and myocarditis; however, the association between CV-B3 and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has not been clearly demonstrated, and t...

    Authors: Zhenzhi Han, Yong Zhang, Keqiang Huang, Jianxing Wang, Huifang Tian, Yang Song, Qian Yang, Dongmei Yan, Shuangli Zhu, Mingxiao Yao, Xianjun Wang and Wenbo Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:466
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Antibiotic resistance due to overuse of antimicrobials is an issue that has been of concern to many health institutions and society in general. Resistant infections have high impact in low income countries sin...

    Authors: Yohana Haile Berhe, Nebyu Daniel Amaha and Amon Solomon Ghebrenegus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:465
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that Yemen has a high burden of drug resistance and a worrying shortage of implemented diagnostic methods and drug treatment regimens. Therefore, in this study,...

    Authors: Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber and Baharudin Ibrahim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study was conducted to compare the microbiological characteristics, drug resis...

    Authors: Xiurong Ding, Yanhua Yu, Ming Chen, Chen Wang, Yanfang Kang and Jinli Lou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. In China, high prevalence of risky sexual behaviours and inequity in health services lead to situations in which migrant men who have sex with men face higher risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency vir...

    Authors: Ying Wang, Mengmeng Jia, Dong Yuan, Ajuan Liang, Zhiruo Zhang, Xueqin Jiang, Yi Chen, Huiyao Zhu, Mengyun Luo, Zezhou Wang and Yong Cai
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The multidrug therapy (MDT) for leprosy treatment adopted by Brazil in the 1990s was important for reducing leprosy in the country; however, recurrent cases remained problematic. Mechanisms involved in leprosy...

    Authors: Franciely Gomes Gonçalves, Andréa de Faria Fernandes Belone, Patrícia Sammarco Rosa and Gabriel Zorello Laporta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Studies have shown that the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) is endemic in several indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon and molecular analyses have shown the exclusive presence of HTLV-2 subtype...

    Authors: Isabel Luís Jocene Braço, Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá, Mishelle Waqasi, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Andréa Nazaré Rangel da Silva, Izaura M. V. Cayres-Vallinoto, Sandra Souza Lima, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak, Ricardo Ishak, João Farias Guerreiro and Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Since 2008, avian influenza surveillance in poultry-related environments has been conducted annually in China. Samples have been collected from environments including live poultry markets, wild bird habitats, ...

    Authors: Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Hong Bo, Libo Dong, Shumei Zou, Xiyan Li, Yuelong Shu and Dayan Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a causal agent of acute respiratory infection, especially in primarily children. At the clinical level, HMPV is associated to several diseases including bronchitis, croup, pneum...

    Authors: Mamadou Malado Jallow, Amary Fall, Davy Kiori, Sara Sy, Déborah Goudiaby, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Malick Fall, Mbayame Ndiaye Niang and Ndongo Dia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a major public health problem in Nepal. This study was conducted to obtain information associated with Rotavirus gastroenteritis and to perform genotyping of Rotavirus A.

    Authors: Sony Shrestha, Ocean Thakali, Sunayana Raya, Laxman Shrestha, Keshab Parajuli and Jeevan Bahadhur Sherchand
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:456
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Leprosy typically manifests with skin and peripheral nerve involvement. Musculoskeletal complaints are the third most common, and can be the sole presenting manifestation. They range from arthralgia/arthritis ...

    Authors: Miguel Gomes Guerra, Taciana Marta Ferreira Cardoso Videira, Hugo Alexandre Gomes Morais, Telma Cristiana Resse Nunes Santos, Ricardo Jorge Ferreira Taipa, Miguel Araújo Abreu, Romana Carisa Carvalho Vieira, Diogo Miranda Gonçalves Guimarães da Fonseca, Joana Patrícia Abelha Aleixo dos Santos and Sandra Patrícia Abreu Monteiro Pinto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:455
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. Mycolicibacterium phlei (M. phlei) is known to be a non-pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) which rarely causes diseases in humans. A disseminated NTM infection is mostly caused by the Mycobacterium avi...

    Authors: Satomi Tanaka, Yoshihiko Hoshino, Takuro Sakagami, Hanako Fukano, Yohei Matsui and Osamu Hiranuma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:454
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. High hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) titers are generally associated with reduced influenza risk. While repeated influenza vaccination reduces seroresponse, vaccine effecti...

    Authors: Peter B Gilbert, Youyi Fong, Michal Juraska, Lindsay N Carpp, Arnold S Monto, Emily T Martin and Joshua G Petrie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:453
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. To investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanisms and clonal relationship of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospita...

    Authors: Yongxin Zhao, Kewang Hu, Jisheng Zhang, Yuhang Guo, Xuecai Fan, Yong Wang, Sedzro Divine Mensah and Xiaoli Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:452
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:621

  46. The emergence of leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (SPHS) with high case fatality has been reported from many countries. Understanding of clinical disease and sequel of SPHS needs ...

    Authors: Nalaka Herath, Wimalasiri Uluwattage, Theshanthi Weliwitiya, Lilani Karunanayake, Sarath Lekamwasam, Neelakanthi Ratnatunga, Panduka Karunanayake, Sugeesha Wickramasinghe, Sanjitha Patabendi, Suranjith Senaviratne and Suneth Agampodi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease and is common especially among pastoral communities in most low and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to determine sero-prevalence, and risk facto...

    Authors: Nuol Aywel Madut, Moses Ocan, Adrian Muwonge, John Bwalya Muma, George William Nasinyama, Jacques Godfroid, Ambrose Samuel Jubara and Clovice Kankya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Human pathogens transmitted through environmental pathways are subject to stress and pressures outside of the host. These pressures may cause pathogen pathovars to diverge in their environmental persistence an...

    Authors: Andrew F. Brouwer, Marisa C. Eisenberg, Nancy G. Love and Joseph N.S. Eisenberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) forms part of the normal flora of many animals. Although it is a common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infection after an animal bite or scratch, in rare cases it can...

    Authors: Koji Oh, Takafumi Inoue, Toshihiko Saito, Chihiro Nishio and Hiroki Konishi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:448
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection is a common medical problem in resource limited areas. The treatment outcome after triple therapy has not been well studied in developing countries and preliminary data su...

    Authors: Hyasinta Jaka, Andreas Mueller, Christa Kasang and Stephen E. Mshana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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