Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, self-reported symptoms in those with and without suspected typhoid, and antibody titres amongst those with and without suspected typhoid at visits one and two

Participants (N = 368)

156

212

NA

Age in years (mean)

(range)

(SD)

22.6

18–54

4.4

24.2

18–42

6.3

p = 0.09 (unpaired t-test)

gender (proportion female, (%))

78/156 (50)

106/212 (50)

p = 1 (chi-squared test)

Treated with antibiotics (%)

140/156 (90)

16/212 (7.5)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)

Median anti-Vi IgG titre at visit one (EU/ml)

8.08 (IQR 17.9)

3.7 (IQR 12.4)

p = 0.11 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Median anti-Vi IgG titre at visit two (EU/ml)

3.7 (IQR 17.7)

3.7 (IQR14.4)

p = 0.86 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Median anti-H:d IgM antibody titre at visit one (EU/ml)

55.2 (IQR 51.4)

52.1 (IQR 55.9)

p = 0.34 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Median anti-H:d IgM antibody titre at visit two (EU/ml)

54.2 (IQR 44.9)

55.3 (IQR 56.1)

p = 0.92 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Median anti-H:d IgG antibody titre at visit one (EU/ml)

87.8 (IQR 85.1)

82.4 (IQR 88.4)

p = 0.27 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Median anti-H:d IgG antibody titre at visit two (EU/ml)

77.4 (IQR 57)

79.2 (IQR 65.7)

p = 0.80 (Mann-Whitney-U test)

Headache, N (%)

139/156 (89)

39/212 (18.4)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)

Abdominal pain, N (%)

82/156 (52.6)

25/212 (11.8)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)

Diarrhoea, N (%)

62/156 (39.7)

29/212 (13.7)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)

Constipation, N (%)

31/156 (19.9)

10/212 (4.7)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)

Nausea, N (%)

60/156 (38.5)

13/212 (6.1)

p = < 0.001 (chi-squared test)