World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Hepatitis C. 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Hepatitis D. 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/hepatitis-d/en/. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.
Google Scholar
Ximenes RA, Figueiredo GM, Cardoso MR, Stein AT, Moreira RC, Coral G, Crespo D, Dos Santos AA, Montarroyos UR, Braga MC, Pereira LM, Hepatitis Study Group. Population-based multicentric survey of hepatitis B infection and risk factors in the north, south, and southeast regions of Brazil, 10-20 years after the beginning of vaccination. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93(6):1341–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Pereira LM, Martelli CM, Moreira RC, Merchan-Hamman E, Stein AT, Cardoso MR, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in Brazil, 2005 through 2009: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:60.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brazilian Health Ministry. Epidemiological bulletin of viral hepatitis 2017. http://www.aids.gov.br/pt-br/pub/2017/boletim-epidemiologico-de-hepatites-virais-2017. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.
Google Scholar
Braga WS. Hepatitis B and D virus infection within Amerindians ethnic groups in the Brazilian Amazon: epidemiological aspects. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004;37(Suppl 2):9–13.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bensabath G, Hadler SC, Soares MCP, Fields H, Dias LB, Popper H, et al. Hepatitis Delta virus infection and Labrea hepatitis. Prevalence and role in fulminant hepatitis in the Amazon basin. JAMA. 1987;258:479–83.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
da Fonseca JC, Brasil LM. Hepatitis C virus infection in the Amazon Brazilian region. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004;37(Suppl 2):1–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Santos Cruz M, Andrade T, Bastos FI, Leal E, Bertoni N, Villar LM, et al. Key drug use, health and socio-economic characteristics of young crack users in two Brazilian cities. Int J Drug Policy. 2013;24:432–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villar LM, de Paula VS, de Almeida AJ, do Ó KM, Miguel JC, Lampe E. Knowledge and prevalence of viral hepatitis among beauticians. J Med Virol. 2014;86:1515–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villar LM, Ó KM, Scalioni LP, Cruz HM, Portilho MM, Mendonça AC, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among military personnel. Braz J Infect Dis. 2015;19:285–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brazilian Geographic and Statistics Institute. IBGE. Indigenous in the 2010 population census. http://indigenas.ibge.gov.br/images/indigenas/estudos/indigena_censo2010.pdf. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.
Soares MC, Menezes RC, Martins SJ, Bensabath G. Epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses among indigenous Parakanã tribe in the eastern Brazilian Amazon region. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1994;117:124–35.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
de Paula VS, Arruda ME, Vitral CL, Gaspar AM. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in riverine communities from the western region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2001;96:1123–8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Tavares-Neto J, Almeida D, Soares MC, Uchoa R, Viana S, Darub R, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in the western Brazilian Amazon region (Rio Branco, acre): a pilot study carried out during a hepatitis B vaccination program. Braz J Infect Dis. 2004;8:133–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Viana S, Paraná R, Moreira RC, Compri AP, Macedo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:808–14.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dias AL, Oliveira CM, Castilho Mda C, Silva Mdo S, Braga WS. Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the western Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45:9–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
da Costa CA, Kimura LO. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus among the indigenous population of the Curuçá and Itaquaí rivers, Javari Valley, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45:457–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vieira Gde D, Ventura CG, de Sousa CM. Occurrence and spatial distribution of hepatitis C in a western Brazilian Amazon state. Arq Gastroenterol. 2014;51:316–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castilho Mda C, Oliveira CM, Gimaque JB, Leão JD, Braga WS. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in isolated villages in the western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87:768–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Azevedo RA, Silva AE, Ferraz ML, Marcopito LF, Baruzzi RG. Prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and D viruses in children of the Caiabi and Txucarramãe tribes from the Indian reservation of Xingu, Central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1996;29:431–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
El Khouri M, Cordeiro Q, Luz DA, Duarte LS, Gama ME, Corbett CE. Endemic hepatitis B and C virus infection in a Brazilian eastern Amazon region. Arq Gastroenterol. 2010;47:35–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Souza KP, Luz JA, Teles SA, Carneiro MA, Oliveira LA, Gomes AS, et al. Hepatitis B and C in the hemodialysis unit of Tocantins, Brazil: serological and molecular profiles. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98:599–603.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares MC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian reservation, Pará state, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23:2756–66.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brabin L, Brabin BJ. Cultural factors and transmission of hepatitis B virus. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122:725–30.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Coimbra CEA, Santos RV, Yoshida CFY, Baptista ML, Flowers NM, Valle ACF. Hepatitis B epidemiology and cultural practices in amerindian populations of Amazonia: the Tupí-Mondé and Xavante from Brasil. Soc Sci Med. 1996;42:1735–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Ferreira A, Greca D, Tavares E, Moriya Y, Spelling F, Boeira M, et al. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B and C in Kaingang Indians in the south of Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2006;20:230–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Villar LM. A cross-sectional study of viral hepatitis perception among residents from southeast and north regions of Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(2):189.
Brazilian Health Ministry. Ordinance n. ° 1,489, July 19, 2013. http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2013/prt1498_19_07_2013.html. Accessed 2 Mar 2018.
Brazilian Health Ministry. Ordinance n. ° 1,498, July 19, 2013. 2013. http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2013/prt1498_19_07_2013.html. Acessed 2 Mar 2018.
Aquino JA, Pegado KA, Barros LP, Machado LF. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections among individuals in the state of Pará. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2008;41:334–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
de Almeida MK, Dos Santos KN, Fecury AA, de Oliveira CS, Freitas AS, Quaresma JA, et al. Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in riverside communities of the Tucuruí dam, Pará, Brazil. J Med Virol. 2012;84:1907–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oliveira CS, Silva AV, Dos Santos KN, Fecury AA, Almeida MK, Fernandes AP, Costa CA, Freitas AS, Corvelo TC, Martins LC. Hepatitis B and C virus infection among Brazilian Amazon riparians. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(5):546–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valois RC, Maradei-Pereira LM, Crescente JÂ, Oliveira-Filho AB, Lemos JA. HCV infection through perforating and cutting material among candidates for blood donation in Belém, Brazilian Amazon. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014;56(6):511–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barroso LSL. Indigenous people of Tocantins. 2016. http://www.palmas.org/tocantinsindios.htm. Accessed 30 June 2016.
Google Scholar