WHO: Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO report 2007. WHO/HTM/TB/2007.376. 2007, Geneva, World health Organisation
Google Scholar
Eldholm V, Matee M, Mfinanga SG, Heun M, Dahle UR: A first insight into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, assessed by spoligotyping. BMC Microbiol. 2006, 6: 76-10.1186/1471-2180-6-76.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Githui WA, Jordaan AM, Juma ES, Kinyanjui P, Karimi FG, Kimwomi J, Meme H, Mumbi P, Streicher EM, Warren R, Meme H, Mumbi P, Streicher EM, Warren R, van Helden PD, Victor TC: Identification of MDR-TB Beijing/W and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in Nairobi, Kenya. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004, 8 (3): 352-360.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Niemann S, Rusch-Gerdes S, Joloba ML, Whalen CC, Guwatudde D, Ellner JJ, Eisenach K, Fumokong N, Johnson JL, Aisu T, Mugerwa RD, Okwera A, Schwander SK: Mycobacterium africanum subtype II is associated with two distinct genotypes and is a major cause of human tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40 (9): 3398-3405. 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3398-3405.2002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kibiki GS, Mulder B, Dolmans WM, de Beer JL, Boeree M, Sam N, van Soolingen D, Sola C, Zanden van der AG: M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania. BMC Microbiol. 2007, 7: 51-10.1186/1471-2180-7-51.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tupasi TE, Radhakrishna S, Quelapio MI, Villa ML, Pascual ML, Rivera AB, Sarmiento A, Co VM, Sarol JN, Beltran G, Legaspi JD, Mangubat NV, Reyes AC, Solon M, Solon FS, Burton L, Mantala MJ: Tuberculosis in the urban poor settlements in the Philippines. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000, 4 (1): 4-11.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banerjee A, Harries AD, Salaniponi FM: Differences in tuberculosis incidence rates in township and in rural populations in Ntcheu District, Malawi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 93 (4): 392-393. 10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90128-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bucher HC, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH, Sudre P, Naef M, Sendi P, Battegay M: Isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aids. 1999, 13 (4): 501-507. 10.1097/00002030-199903110-00009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daley CL, Small PM, Schecter GF, Schoolnik GK, McAdam RA, Jacobs WR, Hopewell PC: An outbreak of tuberculosis with accelerated progression among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. An analysis using restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms. N Engl J Med. 1992, 326 (4): 231-235.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Odhiambo JA, Borgdorff MW, Kiambih FM, Kibuga DK, Kwamanga DO, Ng'ang'a L, Agwanda R, Kalisvaart NA, Misljenovic O, Nagelkerke NJ, Bosman M: Tuberculosis and the HIV epidemic: increasing annual risk of tuberculous infection in Kenya, 1986–1996. Am J Public Health. 1999, 89 (7): 1078-1082.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Diguimbaye C, Hilty M, Ngandolo R, Mahamat HH, Pfyffer GE, Baggi F, Tanner M, Schelling E, Zinsstag J: Molecular characterization and drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Chad. J Clin Microbiol. 2006, 44 (4): 1575-1577. 10.1128/JCM.44.4.1575-1577.2006.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hasan Z, Tanveer M, Kanji A, Hasan Q, Ghebremichael S, Hasan R: Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Pakistan reveals predominance of Central Asian Strain 1 and Beijing isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006, 44 (5): 1763-1768. 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1763-1768.2006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van Soolingen D, Qian L, de Haas PE, Douglas JT, Traore H, Portaels F, Qing HZ, Enkhsaikan D, Nymadawa P, van Embden JD: Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of east Asia. J Clin Microbiol. 1995, 33 (12): 3234-3238.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Asiimwe BB, Koivula T, Kallenius G, Huard RC, Ghebremichael S, Asiimwe J, Joloba ML: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda genotype is the predominant cause of tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008, 12 (4): 386-391.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kent PT, Kubica GP: Public health mycobacteriology: A guide for the level III laboratory. U. S. department of Health and Human Services. Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 1985
Google Scholar
van Embden JDA, Cave D, Crawford JT, Dale JW, Eisenach KD, Gicquel B, Hermans P, Martin C, McAdam R, Shinnick TM, Small PM: Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology. J Clin Microbiol. 1993, 31: 406-409.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Muhumuza J, Asiimwe BB, Kayes S, Mugyenyi R, Whalen C, Mugerwa RD, Boom H, Eisenach KD, Joloba ML: Introduction of an in-house PCR for routine identification of M. tuberculosis in a low-income country. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006, 10 (11): 1262-1267.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aziz MA, Laszlo A, Raviglione M, Rieder H, Espinal M, Wright A, eds: Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis. 2nd ed. World Health Organization 2003. Document WHO/CDS/CSR/RMD/2003.3.
Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, van Agterveld M, van Soolingen D, Kuijper S, Bunschoten A, Molhuizen H, Shaw R, Goyal M, van Embden J: Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol. 1997, 35 (4): 907-914.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brudey K, Driscoll JR, Rigouts L, Prodinger WM, Gori A, Al-Hajoj SA, Allix C, Aristimuno L, Arora J, Baumanis V, Binder L, Cafrune P, Cataldi A, Cheong S, Diel R, Ellermeier C, Evans JT, Fauville-Dufaux M, Ferdinand S, Garcia de Viedma D, Garzelli C, Gazzola L, Gomes HM, Guttierez MC, Hawkey PM, van Helden PD, Kadival GV, Kreiswirth BN, Kremer K, Kubin M, et al: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology. BMC Microbiol. 2006, 6: 23-10.1186/1471-2180-6-23.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Niemann S, Kubica T, Bange FC, Adjei O, Browne EN, Chinbuah MA, Diel R, Gyapong J, Horstmann RD, Joloba ML, Meyer CG, Mugerwa RD, Okwera A, Osei I, Owusu-Darbo E, Schwander SK, Rusch-Gerdes S: The species Mycobacterium africanum in the light of new molecular markers. J Clin Microbiol. 2004, 42 (9): 3958-3962. 10.1128/JCM.42.9.3958-3962.2004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guwatudde D, Zalwango S, Kamya MR, Debanne SM, Diaz MI, Okwera A, Mugerwa RD, King C, Whalen CC: Burden of tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda. Bull World Health Organ. 2003, 81 (11): 799-805.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kallenius G, Koivula T, Ghebremichael S, Hoffner SE, Norberg R, Svensson E, Dias F, Marklund BI, Svenson SB: Evolution and clonal traits of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Guinea-Bissau. J Clin Microbiol. 1999, 37 (12): 3872-3878.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Niobe-Eyangoh SN, Kuaban C, Sorlin P, Thonnon J, Vincent V, Gutierrez MC: Molecular characteristics of strains of the cameroon family, the major group of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a country with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004, 42 (11): 5029-5035. 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5029-5035.2004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Easterbrook PJ, Gibson A, Murad S, Lamprecht D, Ives N, Ferguson A, Lowe O, Mason P, Ndudzo A, Taziwa A, Makombe R, Mbengeranwa L, Sola C, Rastogi N, Drobniewski F: High rates of clustering of strains causing tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a molecular epidemiological study. J Clin Microbiol. 2004, 42 (10): 4536-4544. 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4536-4544.2004.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chihota V, Apers L, Mungofa S, Kasongo W, Nyoni IM, Tembwe R, Mbulo G, Tembo M, Streicher EM, Spuy van der GD, Victor TC, van Helden P, Warren RM: Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in regions of Southern Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007, 11 (3): 311-318.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gagneux S, DeRiemer K, Van T, Kato-Maeda M, de Jong BC, Narayanan S, Nicol M, Niemann S, Kremer K, Gutierrez MC, Hilty M, Hopewell PC, Small PM: Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006, 103 (8): 2869-2873. 10.1073/pnas.0511240103.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gagneux S, Small PM: Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007, 7 (5): 328-337. 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70108-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oloya J, Opuda-Asibo J, Kazwala R, Demelash AB, Skjerve E, Lund A, Johansen TB, Djonne B: Mycobacteria causing human cervical lymphadenitis in pastoral communities in the Karamoja region of Uganda. Epidemiol Infect. 2007, 136 (5): 636-643.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Glynn JR, Crampin AC, Traore H, Yates MD, Mwaungulu FD, Ngwira BM, Chaguluka SD, Mwafulirwa DT, Floyd S, Murphy C, Drobniewski FA, Fine PE: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype, northern Malawi. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005, 11 (1): 150-153.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Beijing/W genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance. European concerted action on new generation genetic markers and techniques for the epidemiology and control of tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006, 12 (5): 736-743.
Bretzel G, Aziz M, Wendl-Richter U, Adatu F, Aisu T, van Wijnen A, Sticht-Groh V: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Uganda 1996–1997. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999, 3 (9): 810-815.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Umubyeyi AN, Vandebriel G, Gasana M, Basinga P, Zawadi JP, Gatabazi J, Pauwels P, Nzabintwali F, Nyiramasarabwe L, Fissette K, Rigouts L, Struelens MJ, Portaels F: Results of a national survey on drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Rwanda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007, 11 (2): 189-194.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar