Patel MM, Hall AJ, Vinje J, Parashar UD: Noroviruses: a comprehensive review. J Clin Virol. 2009, 44 (1): 1-8. 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.009.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koch J, Schneider T, Stark K, Schreier E: [Norovirus infections in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz. 2006, 49 (3): 296-309. 10.1007/s00103-006-1231-x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Teunis PF, Moe CL, Liu P, Miller SE, Lindesmith L, Baric RS, Le Pendu J, Calderon RL: Norwalk virus: how infectious is it?. Journal of medical virology. 2008, 80 (8): 1468-1476. 10.1002/jmv.21237.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaplan JE, Schonberger LB, Varano G, Jackman N, Bied J, Gary GW: An outbreak of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in a nursing home. Demonstration of person-to-person transmission by temporal clustering of cases. American journal of epidemiology. 1982, 116 (6): 940-948.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gallimore CI, Pipkin C, Shrimpton H, Green AD, Pickford Y, McCartney C, Sutherland G, Brown DW, Gray JJ: Detection of multiple enteric virus strains within a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis: an indication of the source of contamination. Epidemiology and infection. 2005, 133 (1): 41-47. 10.1017/S0950268804003218.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Green KY, Belliot G, Taylor JL, Valdesuso J, Lew JF, Kapikian AZ, Lin FY: A predominant role for Norwalk-like viruses as agents of epidemic gastroenteritis in Maryland nursing homes for the elderly. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2002, 185 (2): 133-146. 10.1086/338365.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hale A, Mattick K, Lewis D, Estes M, Jiang X, Green J, Eglin R, Brown D: Distinct epidemiological patterns of Norwalk-like virus infection. Journal of medical virology. 2000, 62 (1): 99-103. 10.1002/1096-9071(200009)62:1<99::AID-JMV15>3.0.CO;2-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schreier E, Doring F, Kunkel U: Molecular epidemiology of outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with small round structured viruses in Germany in 1997/98. Archives of virology. 2000, 145 (3): 443-453. 10.1007/s007050050038.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ozawa K, Oka T, Takeda N, Hansman GS: Norovirus infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic food handlers in Japan. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2007, 45 (12): 3996-4005. 10.1128/JCM.01516-07.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Green J, Wright PA, Gallimore CI, Mitchell O, Morgan-Capner P, Brown DW: The role of environmental contamination with small round structured viruses in a hospital outbreak investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. The Journal of hospital infection. 1998, 39 (1): 39-45. 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90241-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ho MS, Glass RI, Monroe SS, Madore HP, Stine S, Pinsky PF, Cubitt D, Ashley C, Caul EO: Viral gastroenteritis aboard a cruise ship. Lancet. 1989, 2 (8669): 961-965. 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90964-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jiang X, Turf E, Hu J, Barrett E, Dai XM, Monroe S, Humphrey C, Pickering LK, Matson DO: Outbreaks of gastroenteritis in elderly nursing homes and retirement facilities associated with human caliciviruses. Journal of medical virology. 1996, 50 (4): 335-341. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199612)50:4<335::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parashar U, Quiroz ES, Mounts AW, Monroe SS, Fankhauser RL, Ando T, Noel JS, Bulens SN, Beard SR, Li JF, et al: "Norwalk-like viruses". Public health consequences and outbreak management. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001, 50 (RR-9): 1-17.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daniels NA, Bergmire-Sweat DA, Schwab KJ, Hendricks KA, Reddy S, Rowe SM, Fankhauser RL, Monroe SS, Atmar RL, Glass RI, et al: A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses: first molecular traceback to deli sandwiches contaminated during preparation. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2000, 181 (4): 1467-1470. 10.1086/315365.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Le Guyader FS, Mittelholzer C, Haugarreau L, Hedlund KO, Alsterlund R, Pommepuy M, Svensson L: Detection of noroviruses in raspberries associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak. International journal of food microbiology. 2004, 97 (2): 179-186. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.04.018.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baert L, Uyttendaele M, Stals A, Vanc E, Dierick K, Debevere J, Botteldoorn N: Reported foodborne outbreaks due to noroviruses in Belgium: the link between food and patient investigations in an international context. Epidemiology and infection. 2009, 137 (3): 316-325. 10.1017/S0950268808001830.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmid D, Stuger HP, Lederer I, Pichler AM, Kainz-Arnfelser G, Schreier E, Allerberger F: A foodborne norovirus outbreak due to manually prepared salad, Austria 2006. Infection. 2007, 35 (4): 232-239. 10.1007/s15010-007-6327-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Falkenhorst G, Krusell L, Lisby M, Madsen SB, Bottiger B, Molbak K: Imported frozen raspberries cause a series of norovirus outbreaks in Denmark, 2005. Euro Surveill. 2005, 10 (9): E050922-050922
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grotto I, Huerta M, Balicer RD, Halperin T, Cohen D, Orr N, Gdalevich M: An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis on an Israeli military base. Infection. 2004, 32 (6): 339-343. 10.1007/s15010-004-4002-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Svensson L: Diagnosis of foodborne viral infections in patients. International journal of food microbiology. 2000, 59 (1-2): 117-126. 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00281-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koopmans M, Duizer E: Foodborne viruses: an emerging problem. International journal of food microbiology. 2004, 90 (1): 23-41. 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00169-7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robert-Koch-Institute: Allgemeine Aspekte meldepflichtiger Krankheiten: Ausbrüche. Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten für 2008. Edited by: Tim Eckmanns. 2009, Berlin: Robert Koch-Institute, 39-44. 1
Google Scholar
Scherer K, Mäde D, Ellerbroek L, Schulenburg J, Johne R, Klein G: Application of a swab sampling method for the detection of norovirus and rotavirus to artificially contaminated food and environmental surfaces. Food and Environmental Virology. 2009, 1: 42-49. 10.1007/s12560-008-9007-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Dubois E, Hennechart C, Merle G, Burger C, Hmila N, Ruelle S, Perelle S, Ferre V: Detection and quantification by real-time RT-PCR of hepatitis A virus from inoculated tap waters, salad vegetables, and soft fruits: characterization of the method performances. International journal of food microbiology. 2007, 117 (2): 141-149. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.026.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mäde D, Kahle S, Trübner K: Detection of norovirus in food and environmental samples by RT-PCR. Application in routine diagnostics. Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene. 2005, 56: 1-24.
Google Scholar
Hohne M, Schreier E: Detection and characterization of norovirus outbreaks in Germany: application of a one-tube RT-PCR using a fluorogenic real-time detection system. Journal of medical virology. 2004, 72 (2): 312-319. 10.1002/jmv.10573.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beuret C, Kohler D, Baumgartner A, Luthi TM: Norwalk-like virus sequences in mineral waters: one-year monitoring of three brands. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2002, 68 (4): 1925-1931. 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1925-1931.2002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Felsenstein J: PHYLIP - Phylogeny Interference Package (Version 3.2). Cladistics. 1989, 164-166. 5
Becker KM, Moe CL, Southwick KL, MacCormack JN: Transmission of Norwalk virus during football game. The New England journal of medicine. 2000, 343 (17): 1223-1227. 10.1056/NEJM200010263431704.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Widdowson MA, Sulka A, Bulens SN, Beard RS, Chaves SS, Hammond R, Salehi ED, Swanson E, Totaro J, Woron R, et al: Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991-2000. Emerging infectious diseases. 2005, 11 (1): 95-102.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rutjes SA, Lodder-Verschoor F, Poel van der WH, van Duijnhoven YT, de Roda Husman AM: Detection of noroviruses in foods: a study on virus extraction procedures in foods implicated in outbreaks of human gastroenteritis. Journal of food protection. 2006, 69 (8): 1949-1956.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shinkawa N, Noda M, Yoshizumi S, Tokutake Y, Shiraishi T, Arita-Nishida T, Nishio O, Oka T, Hansman GS, Takeda N, et al: Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses detected in food handler-associated outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Japan. Intervirology. 2008, 51 (6): 422-426. 10.1159/000205527.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gallimore CI, Cubitt D, du Plessis N, Gray JJ: Asymptomatic and symptomatic excretion of noroviruses during a hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2004, 42 (5): 2271-2274. 10.1128/JCM.42.5.2271-2274.2004.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Boxman IL, Dijkman R, te Loeke NA, Hagele G, Tilburg JJ, Vennema H, Koopmans M: Environmental swabs as a tool in norovirus outbreak investigation, including outbreaks on cruise ships. Journal of food protection. 2009, 72 (1): 111-119.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheesbrough JS, Green J, Gallimore CI, Wright PA, Brown DW: Widespread environmental contamination with Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) detected in a prolonged hotel outbreak of gastroenteritis. Epidemiology and infection. 2000, 125 (1): 93-98. 10.1017/S095026889900432X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kuusi M, Nuorti JP, Maunula L, Minh Tran NN, Ratia M, Karlsson J, von Bonsdorff CH: A prolonged outbreak of Norwalk-like calicivirus (NLV) gastroenteritis in a rehabilitation centre due to environmental contamination. Epidemiology and infection. 2002, 129 (1): 133-138. 10.1017/S0950268802007276.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vipond IB, Barker J, Bloomfield SF, Caul EO: Molecular epidemiology for detecting Norwalk-like viruses in clinical cases and associated environment contamination. The Journal of hospital infection. 2002, 50 (3): 237-238. 10.1053/jhin.2001.1184.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu HM, Fornek M, Schwab KJ, Chapin AR, Gibson K, Schwab E, Spencer C, Henning K: A norovirus outbreak at a long-term-care facility: the role of environmental surface contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005, 26 (10): 802-810. 10.1086/502497.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lamhoujeb S, Fliss I, Ngazoa SE, Jean J: Evaluation of the persistence of infectious human noroviruses on food surfaces by using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2008, 74 (11): 3349-3355. 10.1128/AEM.02878-07.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Clay S, Maherchandani S, Malik YS, Goyal SM: Survival on uncommon fomites of feline calicivirus, a surrogate of noroviruses. American journal of infection control. 2006, 34 (1): 41-43. 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.05.013.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar