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Table 4 Logistic regression analysis in multiple long COVID symptoms

From: Clinical presentation of post-COVID pain and its impact on quality of life in long COVID patients: a cross-sectional household survey of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Bangladesh

Independent Variable

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Chest pain

    

    Occupation

    

    Day labor

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    Service holder

1.37 (0.55–3.40)

0.500

0.82 (0.26–2.58)

0.732

    Health Professionals

0.88 (0.28–2.79)

0.829

0.15 (0.03–0.78)

0.024*

    Law enforcement

6.09 (0.00–7.31)

0.996

3.18 (0.00–5.37)

0.995

    Housewife

1.35 (0.49–3.69)

0.566

0.79 (0.18–3.46)

0.756

    Student

2.87 (0.91–9.04)

0.071

1.47 (0.31–6.97)

0.628

    Unemployed

1.12 (0.27–4.59)

0.875

0.49 (0.08–2.86)

0.427

    Businessman

1.59 (0.48–5.31)

0.449

0.93 (0.23–3.85)

0.925

    Long COVID Duration

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.0001***

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.009**

    Long COVID symptoms

0.69 (0.66–0.73)

0.0001***

0.76 (0.71–0.82)

0.001***

    Physical Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.04 (0.99–1.04)

0.060

    Psychological Health

1.10 (1.07–1.12)

0.0001***

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

0.004**

    Social Relationship

1.07 (1.05–1.09)

0.0001***

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

0.289

    Environmental Health

1.07 (1.05–1.09)

0.0001***

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

0.586

Joint Pain

Age

    

    18–40 Years

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    41–60 Years

2.31(1.00–5.31)

0.049*

0.39 (0.20–0.76)

0.006**

    > 60 Years

1.06 (0.46–2.45)

0.897

0.34 (0.11–1.08)

0.068

Long COVID Duration

0.986 (0.98–0.99)

0.0001***

1.00 (0.00–1.00)

0.440

Long COVID symptoms

0.58 (0.54–0.63)

0.0001***

0.65 (0.59–0.71)

0.0001

Physical Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

0.382

Psychological Health

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

0.0001***

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.233

Social Relationship

1.07 (1.05–1.09)

0.0001***

1.01 (0.96–1.05)

0.814

Environmental Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.03 (0.98–1.07)

0.234

Muscle pain

Age

    

    18–40 Years

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    41–60 Years

1.37 (0.53–3.56)

0.512

0.49 (0.27–0.92)

0.026*

    > 60 Years

0.64 (0.25–1.65)

0.353

0.85 (0.24–2.98)

0.759

Smoking

    

    No

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    Yes

0.64 (0.33–1.24)

0.184

0.38 (0.16–0.87)

0.022*

Long COVID Duration

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.0001***

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.369

Long COVID symptoms

0.52 (0.47–0.56)

0.0001***

0.56 (0.51–0.63)

0.0001***

Physical Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.03 (0.99–1.03)

0.180

Psychological Health

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

0.0001***

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

0.438

Social Relationship

1.07 (1.06–1.09)

0.0001***

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.973

Environmental Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.112

Headache

Smoking

    

    No

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    Yes

1.98 (0.95–4.14)

0.070

0.32 (0.13–0.78)

0.010**

COVID vaccine

    

    Non-Vaccinated

Reff.

 

Reff.

 

    1st dose

5.15 (0.69–38.44)

0.110

0.52 (0.04–1.06)

0.599

    2nd dose

1.49 (0.67–3.37)

0.329

0.99 (0.10–9.40)

0.989

    Booster dose

1.67 (1.01–2.76)

0.040*

0.40 (0.04–4.14)

0.444

Long COVID Duration

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.0001***

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.457

Long COVID symptoms

0.51 (0.47–0.56)

0.0001***

0.55 (0.49–0.62)

0.001***

Physical Health

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.042*

Psychological Health

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

0.0001***

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

0.774

Social Relationship

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

0.0001***

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.157

Environmental Health

1.08 (1.06–1.09)

0.0001***

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

0.724

Abdominal Pain

    Long COVID Duration

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.0001***

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

0.207

    Long COVID symptoms

0.60 (0.50–0.71)

0.0001***

0.45 (0.30–0.69)

0.001***

    Physical Health

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

0.003**

1.01 (0.89–1.14)

0.837

    Psychological Health

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

0.004**

1.06 (0.90–1.25)

0.460

    Social Relationship

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

0.005**

1.12 (0.96–1.29)

0.159

    Environmental Health

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

0.002**

0.89 (0.76–1.06)

0.194

  1. OR ODD Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Binary Logistic