Table 2 Characteristic time lag and its associated sample cross-correlation stratified by age for each epidemiological wave of COVID-19. The rows correspond to the waves, and the columns correspond to age groups (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and65 years), except the last one (Total) that combines all strata. We find that the values of for the first wave are greater than those observed in the second and third waves, probably, due to the lack of COVID-19 tests at that time. The ranges between 0.59 and 0.95 in all strata. We emphasize that, for a given wave, the values of are quite similar among the strata, suggesting that our results are unbiased in relation to age groups
From: COVID-19 outbreaks surveillance through text mining applied to electronic health records
Age Groups | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18-24 | 25-34 | 35-44 | 45-54 | 55-64 | ≥65 | TOTAL | ||||||||
\(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | \(\tau_c\) | \({\widehat p}_{i,j}\) | |
Wave 1 | 96 | 0.69 | 92 | 0.77 | 67 | 0.80 | 66 | 0.80 | 61 | 0.81 | 73 | 0.71 | 72 | 0.82 |
Wave 2 | 85 | 0.59 | 26 | 0.77 | 23 | 0.90 | 22 | 0.95 | 22 | 0.94 | 18 | 0.90 | 25 | 0.93 |
Wave 3 | 25 | 0.91 | 17 | 0.88 | 12 | 0.89 | 11 | 0.82 | 16 | 0.82 | 18 | 0.86 | 17 | 0.88 |