The impact of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative healthcare-associated infections and clinical outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy: a ten-year retrospective analysis

Table 3 Crude and adjusted analyses assessing the impact of PBD on postoperative outcomes

Variables	PBD	Non-PBD	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
Variables	(n = 877)	(n = 1965)	RR, 95% CI	P value	aRR, 95% CI	P value
Transfer of patient to ICU, n (%)	373(42.5)	635(32.3)	1.567(1.328,1.847)	< 0.001	1.351(1.119,1.632)	0.002
Death, n (%)	11(1.3)	18(0.9)	1.375(0.647,2.924)	0.408	1.154(0.502,2.649)	0.736
Postoperative complications, n (%)	210(23.9)	489(24.9)	0.928(0.769,1.120)	0.437	0.968(0.790,1.187)	0.754
Pancreatic fistula, n (%)	100(11.4)	208(10.6)	1.051(0.813,1.358)	0.706	1.079(0.815,1.428)	0.595
Biliary leakage, n (%)	22(2.5)	59(3.0)	0.807(0.487,1.339)	0.407	0.899(0.522,1.549)	0.702
Delayed gastric emptying, n (%)	63(7.2)	141(7.2)	0.985(0.722,1.343)	0.924	0.995(0.712,1.391)	0.978

PBD preoperative biliary drainage, ICU Intensive Care Unit, RR risk ratios, aRR adjusted risk ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

ISSN: 1471-2334