Table 2 Characteristics of the VA-AKI patients and non-AKI patients

Ethnicity,n(%)

0.018

 White

2407(76.5%)

594(80.4%)

1813(75.4%)

 Black/African American

260(8.3%)

50(6.8%)

210(8.7%)

 Other

478(15.2%)

95(12.9%)

383(15.9%)

Male,n(%)

1804(57.4%)

405(54.8%)

1399(58.1%)

0.108

Age(year)

76 ± 7

76 ± 7

76 ± 7

0.764

Comorbidity,n(%)

 Myocardial infarction,n(%)

317(10.1%)

27(3.7%)

290(12.1%)

 < 0.001

 Congestive heart failure,n(%)

683(21.7%)

44(6.0%)

639(26.6%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease,n(%)

1114(35.4%)

258(34.9%)

856(35.6%)

0.741

 Cerebrovascular disease,n(%)

493(15.7%)

113(15.3%)

380(15.8%)

0.742

 Hypertension,n(%)

1163(36.98%)

335(45.33%)

828(34.41%)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes,n(%)

1124(35.7%)

243(32.9%)

881(36.6%)

0.064

 Renal disease,n(%)

682(21.7%)

98(13.3%)

584(24.3%)

 < 0.001

 Liver disease,n(%)

193(6.1%)

15(2.0%)

178(7.4%)

 < 0.001

 Malignant cancer,n(%)

571(18.2%)

156(21.1%)

415(17.2%)

0.017

Laboratory test

 White blood cell(*10^9/l)

13.11 ± 7.79

12.96 ± 6.66

13.16 ± 8.11

0.548

 Hemoglobin( g/dl)

9.62 ± 1.48

9.78 ± 1.58

9.58 ± 1.44

0.001

 Platelet(*10⁹/l)

217.97 ± 106.72

209.26 ± 108.44

220.64 ± 106.06

0.011

 Bilirubin(mg/dl)

1.24 ± 2.27

0.94 ± 1.18

1.33 ± 2.48

 < 0.001

 Albumin(g/dl)

2.60 ± 0.58

2.41 ± 0.54

2.66 ± 0.58

 < 0.001

 Creatinine(mg/dl)

1.36 ± 0.95

1.08 ± 0.61

1.45 ± 1.02

 < 0.001

 Glucose(mg/dl)

145.84 ± 38.75

147.66 ± 42.76

145.27 ± 37.42

0.143

 Vancomycin trough concentration(mg/L)

19.86 ± 8.93

17.81 ± 9.51

20.50 ± 8.65

 < 0.001

 GCS

4 ± 5

7 ± 6

4 ± 5

 < 0.001

 SOFA

9 ± 4

7 ± 4

10 ± 4

 < 0.001

 Length of stay

14.92 ± 8.96

13.01 ± 8.48

15.51 ± 9.02

 < 0.001

 Other nephrotoxic medications,n(%)

757(24.07%)

45(6.09%)

712(29.59%)

 < 0.001

 Ventilation,n(%)

1362(43.3%)

485(65.6%)

877(36.5%)

 < 0.001

 Shock,n(%)

1384(44.0%)

217(29.4%)

1167(48.5%)

 < 0.001

Outcome

 30-day mortality,n(%)

639(20.3%)

75(10.1%)

564(23.4%)

 < 0.001