Table 1 Characteristics of the patients according to vancomycin trough concentration

Ethnicity,n(%)

0.247

 White

264(74.8%)

464(75.9%)

572(78.2%)

1107(76.3%)

 Black(African American

27(7.6%)

42(6.9%)

58(7.9%)

133(9.2%)

 Other

62(17.6%)

105(17.2%)

101(13.8%)

210(14.5%)

Male,n(%)

185(52.4%)

350(57.3%)

417(57.0%)

852(58.8%)

0.193

Age(year)

77 ± 8

76 ± 8

76 ± 7

75 ± 7

 < 0.001

Comorbidity,n(%)

 Myocardial infarction,n(%)

21(5.9%)

60(9.8%)

65(8.9%)

171(11.8%)

0.006

 Congestive heart failure,n(%)

48(13.6%)

111(18.2%)

131(17.9%)

393(27.1%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease,n(%)

108(30.6%)

229(37.5%)

250(34.2%)

527(36.3%)

0.125

 Cerebrovascular disease,n(%)

57(16.1%)

108(17.7%)

119(16.3%)

209(14.4%)

0.277

 Hypertension,n(%)

144(40.79%)

234(38.30%)

274(37.48%)

511(35.24%)

0.104

 Diabetes,n(%)

113(32.0%)

204(33.4%)

260(35.6%)

547(37.7%)

0.107

 Renal disease,n(%)

57(16.1%)

108(17.7%)

156(21.3%)

361(24.9%)

 < 0.001

 Liver disease,n(%)

12(3.4%)

27(4.4%)

47(6.4%)

107(7.4%)

0.008

 Malignant cancer,n(%)

61(17.3%)

107(17.5%)

135(18.5%)

268(18.5%)

0.918

Laboratory test

 White blood cell(*10⁹(l)

12.61 ± 6.31

12.89 ± 7.08

13.32 ± 9.63

13.22 ± 7.36

0.435

 Hemoglobin( g/dl)

10.04 ± 1.58

9.82 ± 1.53

9.63 ± 1.48

9.43 ± 1.39

 < 0.001

 Platelet(*10⁹/l)

213.46 ± 104.82

216.57 ± 107.19

214.07 ± 103.16

221.63 ± 108.71

0.332

 Bilirubin(mg/dl)

0.88 ± 1.01

0.98 ± 1.51

1.29 ± 2.23

1.41 ± 2.68

 < 0.001

 Albumin(g/dl)

2.61 ± 0.57

2.61 ± 0.60

2.62 ± 0.61

2.59 ± 0.56

0.796

 Creatinine(mg/dl)

1.20 ± 0.91

1.28 ± 1.01

1.31 ± 0.90

1.46 ± 0.95

 < 0.001

 Glucose(mg/dl)

144.56 ± 41.36

148.21 ± 39.67

146.23 ± 38.06

144.95 ± 38.03

0.320

 vancomycin trough concentration(mg/L)

7.30 ± 2.09

12.72 ± 1.47

17.52 ± 1.43

27.11 ± 7.41

 < 0.001

 GCS

5 ± 6

5 ± 6

5 ± 6

4 ± 5

 < 0.001

 SOFA

8 ± 4

9 ± 4

9 ± 4

10 ± 4

 < 0.001

 Length of stay(day)

12.43 ± 6.70

13.99 ± 7.88

14.81 ± 9.09

15.97 ± 9.63

 < 0.001

Other nephrotoxic medications,n(%)

47(13.31%)

46(13.49%)

161(22.02%)

435(30%)

 < 0.001

Ventilation,n(%)

191(54.1%)

294(48.1%)

348(47.6%)

529(36.5%)

 < 0.001

Shock,n(%)

115(32.6%)

252(41.2%)

286(39.1%)

731(50.4%)

 < 0.001

Outcome

VA-AKI,n(%)

226(64.0%)

443(72.5%)

539(73.7%)

1198(82.6%)

 < 0.001

30-day mortality,n(%)

51(14.4%)

97(15.9%)

129(17.4%)

362(25.0%)

 < 0.001