Table 4 Univariate analysis of pathogens associated with prolonged hospital stay (> 7 days) of viral severe acute respiratory infections among children under five years of age

Respiratory syncytial virus

157 (17.3)

35 (16.4)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.661

Rhinovirus

340(37.6)

88 (41.1)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

0.220

Parechovirus

10 (1.1)

2 (0.9)

0.8 (0.16–3.8)

0.785

Human parainfluenza virus 1

23 (2.5)

7 (3.3)

1.4 (0.6–3.5)

0.440

Human parainfluenza virus 2

18 (2)

1 (0.5)

0.18 (0.02–1.4)

0.103

Human parainfluenzavirus 3

70 (7.7)

16 (7.5)

0.95 (0.5–1.7)

0.871

Human parainfluenzavirus 4

44 (4.9)

8 (3.7)

0.7 (0.3–1.5)

0.382

Influenza A

126 (13.9)

29 (13.6)

0.95 (0.6–1.5)

0.858

Influenza B

58 (6.4)

20 (9.3)

1.8 (1-3.1)

0.047*

Influenza C

14 (1.5)

1(0.5)

0.2 (0.03–1.8)

0.176

Human metapneumovirus

58 (6.4)

5 (2.3)

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

0.009**

Enterovirus

118 (13)

21 (9.8)

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

0.11

Coronavirus OC43

29 (3.2)

10 (4.7)

1.7 (0.8–3.8)

0.168

Coronavirus NL63

28 (3.1)

4 (1.9)

0.52 (0.2–1.5)

0.244

Coronavirus HKU1

25 (2.8)

5 (2.3)

0.8 (0.3–2.2)

0.664

Coronavirus 229E

8 (0.9)

2 (0.9)

1.1 (0.2–5.4)

0.928

Bocavirus

102 (11.3)

18 (8.4)

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

0.132

Adénovirus

201 (2.2)

44 (20.6)

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.507

Staphylococcus aureus

160 (17.7)

40 (18.7)

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

0.657

Klebsiella pneumoniae

321 (35.5)

90 (42.1)

1.4 (1–2)

0.022*

Legionella pneumophil /Legionella longbeach

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

----

----

Streptococcus pneumoniae

526(58.1)

107 (50)

0.6 (0.5–0.9)

0.006

Bordetellaspp

5 (0.6)

1 (0.5)

0.8 (0.1–7.2)

0.848

Chlamydia pneumoniae

2 (0.2)

0 (0)

----

---

Haemophilus influenzae

390 (43.1)

71 (33.2)

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

0.001**

Haemophilus influenzae b

20 (2.2)

4 (1.9)

0.8 (0.3–2.4)

0.698

Moraxella catarrhalis

383 (42.3)

74 (34.6)

0.6 (0.5–0.9)

0.009**

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

7 (0.8)

2 (0.9)

1.2 (0.2–6.7)

0.759

Pneumocystis jirovecii

22 (2.4)

5 (2.3)

0.9 (0.3–2.6)

0.918

Salmonella spp

0 (0)

0 (0)

-----

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virus-bacteria codetection

 No

128 (14.1)

38 (17.8)

1 (ref)

 Yes

777 (85.9)

177 (82.2)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

0.105

Type of bacterial codetection

 No bacteria

128 (14.1)

38(17.8)

1 (ref)

 Mono-infection

209 (23.1)

56 (26.2)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

0.566

 Multiple bacterial codetection

568 (62.8)

120 (56.1)

0.63 (0.4-1)

0.038*

Type of mixed viral infection

 Monoviral

455(50.3)

119 (55.6)

1 (ref)

 Two viruses

310 (34.3)

70 (32.7)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.173

 Three and more viruses

139 (15.4)

25 (11.7)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

0.026*