Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of CDI patients at index (overall and by number of rCDIs)
All CDI patients | Patients with 1 rCDIa | Patients with 2 rCDIsa | Patients with ≥ 3 rCDIsa | Patients with ≥ 1 rCDIs | Non-rCDI patients (0 rCDI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of patients (N) | 11,884 | 1,609 | 360 | 153 | 2,122 | 9,762 |
Age at index date (years) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 73.23 (15.82) | 74.49 (14.59) | 76.81 (13.01) | 77.08 (11.28) | 75.07 (14.15) | 72.84 (16.14) |
Median (Q1; Q3) | 78 (66.00; 84.00) | 78 (68.00; 84.00) | 80 (72.00; 85.00) | 80 (73.00; 84.00) | 79 (69.00; 85.00) | 77 (65.00; 84.00) |
Age group at index, n (%) | ||||||
18–64 years | 2,758 (23.21%) | 314 (19.52%) | 48 (13.33%) | 23 (15.03%) | 385 (18.14%) | 2,373 (24.31%) |
≥ 65 years | 9,126 (76.79%) | 1,295 (80.48%) | 312 (86.67%) | 130 (84.97%) | 1,737 (81.86%) | 7,389 (75.69%) |
Gender, n (%) | ||||||
Women | 6,214 (52.29%) | 844 (52.45%) | 201 (55.83%) | 88 (57.52%) | 1,133 (53.39%) | 5,081 (52.05%) |
Men | 5,670 (47.71%) | 765 (47.55%) | 159 (44.17%) | 65 (42.48%) | 989 (46.61%) | 4,681 (47.95%) |
Geographic region, n (%) | ||||||
North | 1,519 (12.78%) | 217 (13.49%) | 55 (15.28%) | 19 (12.42%) | 291 (13.71%) | 1,228 (12.58%) |
West | 3,767 (31.70%) | 509 (31.63%) | 109 (30.28%) | 65 (42.48%) | 683 (32.19%) | 3,084 (31.59%) |
East | 3,029 (25.49%) | 419 (26.04%) | 90 (25.00%) | 35 (22.88%) | 544 (25.64%) | 2,485 (25.46%) |
South | 3,535 (29.75%) | 459 (28.53%) | 104 (28.89%) | 33 (21.57%) | 596 (28.09%) | 2,939 (30.11%) |
Unknown | 34 (0.29%) | 5 (0.31%) | 2 (0.56%) | 1 (0.65%) | 8 (0.38%) | 26 (0.27%) |
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 8.00 (3.96) | 8.03 (3.83) | 8.77 (3.43) | 8.69 (3.09) | 8.21 (3.73) | 7.95 (4.01) |
Median (Q1; Q3) | 8 (5.00; 11.00) | 8 (6.00; 11.00) | 9 (7.00; 11.00) | 9 (7.00; 10.00) | 8 (6.00; 11.00) | 8 (5.00; 11.00) |
Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index categories, n (%) | ||||||
Score 0–6 | 3,931 (33.08%) | 514 (31.95%) | 85 (23.61%) | 37 (24.18%) | 636 (29.97%) | 3,295 (33.75%) |
Score 7–10 | 4,762 (40.07%) | 688 (42.76%) | 158 (43.89%) | 79 (51.63%) | 925 (43.59%) | 3,837 (39.31%) |
Score ≥ 11 | 3,191 (26.85%) | 407 (25.30%) | 117 (32.50%) | 37 (24.18%) | 561 (26.44%) | 2,630 (26.94%) |
Pre-index comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||||
Any condition below | 11,015 (92.69%) | 1,484 (92.23%) | 346 (96.11%) | 147 (96.08%) | 1,977 (93.17%) | 9,038 (92.58%) |
Crohn’s disease | 182 (1.53%) | 15 (0.93%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 15 (0.71%) | 167 (1.71%) |
Ulcerative colitis | 310 (2.61%) | 40 (2.49%) | 8 (2.22%) | 4 (2.61%) | 52 (2.45%) | 258 (2.64%) |
Other noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis | 1,741 (14.65%) | 233 (14.48%) | 38 (10.56%) | 17 (11.11%) | 288 (13.57%) | 1,453 (14.88%) |
Toxic megacolon | 11 (0.09%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.28%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.05%) | 10 (0.10%) |
Colonic perforation | 87 (0.73%) | 15 (0.93%) | 3 (0.83%) | 0 (0.00%) | 18 (0.85%) | 69 (0.71%) |
Peritonitis | 277 (2.33%) | 31 (1.93%) | 3 (0.83%) | 3 (1.96%) | 37 (1.74%) | 240 (2.46%) |
Diabetes mellitus type 1 | 566 (4.76%) | 86 (5.34%) | 12 (3.33%) | 6 (3.92%) | 104 (4.90%) | 462 (4.73%) |
Malignant neoplasms | 3,500 (29.45%) | 445 (27.66%) | 102 (28.33%) | 43 (28.10%) | 590 (27.80%) | 2,910 (29.81%) |
Haematological malignancy | 550 (4.63%) | 61 (3.79%) | 10 (2.78%) | 7 (4.58%) | 78 (3.68%) | 472 (4.84%) |
Immunosuppression | 4,442 (37.38%) | 573 (35.61%) | 122 (33.89%) | 52 (33.99%) | 747 (35.20%) | 3,695 (37.85%) |
Chronic kidney disease and renal failure | 5,865 (49.35%) | 823 (51.15%) | 200 (55.56%) | 85 (55.56%) | 1,108 (52.21%) | 4,757 (48.73%) |
Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 3,967 (33.38%) | 538 (33.44%) | 122 (33.89%) | 51 (33.33%) | 711 (33.51%) | 3,256 (33.35%) |
Respiratory failure | 2,646 (22.27%) | 368 (22.87%) | 62 (17.22%) | 33 (21.57%) | 463 (21.82%) | 2,183 (22.36%) |
Ischaemic heart disease | 4,471 (37.62%) | 594 (36.92%) | 156 (43.33%) | 62 (40.52%) | 812 (38.27%) | 3,659 (37.48%) |
Heart failure | 5,193 (43.70%) | 726 (45.12%) | 175 (48.61%) | 76 (49.67%) | 977 (46.04%) | 4,216 (43.19%) |
Liver disease | 2,520 (21.20%) | 325 (20.20%) | 67 (18.61%) | 33 (21.57%) | 425 (20.03%) | 2,095 (21.46%) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 4,205 (35.38%) | 577 (35.86%) | 154 (42.78%) | 58 (37.91%) | 789 (37.18%) | 3,416 (34.99%) |
Dementia | 3,121 (26.26%) | 478 (29.71%) | 124 (34.44%) | 46 (30.07%) | 648 (30.54%) | 2,473 (25.33%) |
Pre-index treatments, medical procedures and consultations, n (%) | ||||||
Pre-index medicationb | ||||||
Antibiotics | 5,795 (48.76%) | 753 (46.80%) | 176 (48.89%) | 65 (42.48%) | 994 (46.84%) | 4,801 (49.18%) |
Laxatives | 1,370 (11.53%) | 180 (11.19%) | 42 (11.67%) | 18 (11.76%) | 240 (11.31%) | 1,130 (11.58%) |
PPIs | 6,981 (58.74%) | 968 (60.16%) | 228 (63.33%) | 97 (63.40%) | 1,293 (60.93%) | 5,688 (58.27%) |
H2-receptor antagonists | 268 (2.26%) | 34 (2.11%) | 10 (2.78%) | 1 (0.65%) | 45 (2.12%) | 223 (2.28%) |
Selective immunosuppressants | 178 (1.50%) | 26 (1.62%) | 3 (0.83%) | 0 (0.00%) | 29 (1.37%) | 149 (1.53%) |
TNF-α inhibitors | 51 (0.43%) | 5 (0.31%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (0.24%) | 46 (0.47%) |
Interleukin inhibitors | 12 (0.10%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.28%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.05%) | 11 (0.11%) |
Calcineurin inhibitors | 137 (1.15%) | 20 (1.24%) | 2 (0.56%) | 1 (0.65%) | 23 (1.08%) | 114 (1.17%) |
Other immunosuppressants | 224 (1.88%) | 32 (1.99%) | 4 (1.11%) | 2 (1.31%) | 38 (1.79%) | 186 (1.91%) |
Chemotherapies/ antineoplastic agents | 709 (5.97%) | 78 (4.85%) | 21 (5.83%) | 11 (7.19%) | 110 (5.18%) | 599 (6.14%) |
Pre-index medical procedures (gastrointestinal)c | 1,415 (11.91%) | 175 (10.88%) | 43 (11.94%) | 21 (13.73%) | 239 (11.26%) | 1,176 (12.05%) |
Pre-index hospitalisations | 9,114 (76.69%) | 1,247 (77.50%) | 291 (80.83%) | 135 (88.24%) | 1,673 (78.84%) | 7,441 (76.22%) |
Pre-index primary care consultations | 11,806 (99.34%) | 1,598 (99.32%) | 359 (99.72%) | 153 (100.00%) | 2,110 (99.43%) | 9,696 (99.32%) |
Pre-index outpatient consultations | 1,880 (15.82%) | 243 (15.10%) | 56 (15.56%) | 30 (19.61%) | 329 (15.50%) | 1,551 (15.89%) |
Pre-index diagnosis tests | 1,387 (11.67%) | 197 (12.24%) | 41 (11.39%) | 15 (9.80%) | 253 (11.92%) | 1,134 (11.62%) |
Pre-index admittances to ICU | 993 (8.36%) | 138 (8.58%) | 24 (6.67%) | 13 (8.50%) | 175 (8.25%) | 818 (8.38%) |
Setting of treatment at index, n (%) | ||||||
Hospitalised | 10,491 (88.28%) | 1,396 (86.76%) | 306 (85.00%) | 127 (83.01%) | 1,829 (86.19%) | 8,662 (88.73%) |
Community-treated | 1,393 (11.72%) | 213 (13.24%) | 54 (15.00%) | 26 (16.99%) | 293 (13.81%) | 1,100 (11.27%) |
Setting of infection at index, n (%) | ||||||
Healthcare-associated | 2,174 (18.29%) | 386 (23.99%) | 103 (28.61%) | 43 (28.10%) | 532 (25.07%) | 1,642 (16.82%) |
Community-associated | 4,519 (38.03%) | 571 (35.49%) | 111 (30.83%) | 47 (30.72%) | 729 (34.35%) | 3,790 (38.82%) |
Unknown | 5,191 (43.68%) | 652 (40.52%) | 146 (40.56%) | 63 (41.18%) | 861 (40.57%) | 4,330 (44.36%) |