Table 3 Risk factors for scabies

Characteristics

Risk factors (Reference number)

Study Setting

Outpatient

Inpatient

Not-reported

Personal

Demographic

Gender

Male [23, 27]

v [27]

v [23]

Age

19–39, 40–64, above 65 [21]

v

First-school children [29]

v

21–50 [22]

v

Age increased [23]

v

Race

Asian&Pacific Islander, Native American [21]

v

Education

Low [25]

v

Season

Season Winter [29]

v

May to August [23]

v

Economics

Economic status

Low [29]

v

Income

Average [22]

v

Insurance status

No charge, uninsured, Medicaid [21]

v

Job/working status

Nonworking [27]

v

Student [22]

v

Leave/temporary Duty [25]

v

Resident

Type

Rural [27]

v

Urban [29]

v

Living in a nursing home [26]

v

Prior long-term care facility admission [24]

v

Homeless [21]

v

Unit barracks [25]

v

Environment

Households > 5 [30]

v

Living condition Poor [22]

v

Region

Western region of Saudi Arabia [23]

v

Behavioral

Personal hygiene

Changing clothes < 2 times/week [25]

v

Bathing < 1 time/day [25]

v

No. of baths per month 9< [27]

v

Poor [22]

v

Sharing

Beds [25]

v

Household accessories [29]

v

Contact

Disposable gloves are rarely used when examining patients [20]

v^*

Holding the patient often [20]

v^*

Clinical

Individual clinical

Walking conditions

Ease of movement, without assistance [31]

v^*

Range of movement, out of the room but within the ward [31]

v^*

Bedridden status [26]

v

Severity

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) II score, mean/range [26]

v

APACHE II score ≧ 20 [26]

v

Catheters [26]

v

Days of hospitalization, mean/range [26]

v

Expiration during study period [26]

v

Itching sign

Itching in close contact [29]

v

Itching in family/ colleagues [25]

v

Hospital environment

Units

Acute-care wards [28]

v^*

Long-term care wards [28]

v^*

Size of hospital

Size of the hospital [28]

v^*

Infection

control policy

Have regular preventive measures for scabies [28]

v^*

Dermatological examination on admission [28]

v^*

Treat all suspected patients with scabicides [28]

v^*