Table 1 Patient background, laboratory data, and intervention by variant type of SARS-CoV-2

Patient background

 Age, yrs., (range)

72.5 (61–79)

67 (56–74)^a

55.5 (46–69)^a

75 (67.5–81.5)

< 0.001

 Male gender, n (%)

84 (71)

117 (76)

29 (69)

44 (70)

0.659

 Smoking history, n (%)

64 (63)

90 (65)

21 (51)

31 (61)

0.459

 Fully vaccinated, n (%)

0^a

0^a

3 (7)^a

31 (49)

< 0.001

 BMI (range)

23.3 (21.0–25.8)^a

24.6 (22.4–27.6)

25.3 (20.8–29.0)

24.7 (20.9–29.5)

0.076

 Immunodeficiency, n (%)

13 (11.0)^a

9 (5.8)^a

1 (2.4)^a

23 (36.5)

< 0.001

 Dialysis prior to COVID-19 infection, n (%)

7 (5.9)

15 (9.7)

0

2 (3.2)

0.081

 Charlson Comorbidity Index (range)

1 (0–2)^a

1 (0–2)^a

1 (0–2)^a

4 (1–6)

< 0.001

 Days from onset to admission (range)

7 (4–9)^a

7.5 (5–10)^a

6 (4–7)

4 (1–8)

< 0.001

 Days from onset to intubation (range)

8 (6–10)^a

8 (6–11)^a

6 (5–8)

5 (2–8)

< 0.001

 SOFA on ICU admission (range)

6 (5–8)

7 (4–8)

6 (4–8)

7 (4.5–8)

0.605

 PF ratio after intubation (range)

258 (187–340)^a

219 (153–303)^a

248 (180–322)^a

141 (97–233)

< 0.001

Initial laboratory data

 CRP, mg/dl, (range)

9.5 (6.0–16.3)^a

8.8 (4.4–14.2)^a

9.7 (5.1–20.1)

15.3 (8.8–21.3)

< 0.001

 Procalcitonin, ng/ml, (range)

0.19 (0.11–0.43)

0.17 (0.08–0.36)^a

0.24 (0.13–0.95)

0.36 (0.13–0.89)

0.002

 D-dimer, μg/ml, (range)

1.6 (0.8–4.3)

1.2 (0.5–3.7)^a

1.0 (0.5–1.7)^a

2.7 (1.3–7.1)

< 0.001

 LDH, U/L, (range)

404 (309–509)

436 (361–554)

516 (428–626)

404 (315–529)

0.002

 KL-6, U/ml, (range)

389 (266–587)

413 (266–713)

346 (242–606)

445 (290–787)

0.489

Intervention for COVID-19

 Antivirals

116 (98.3)

150 (97.4)

42 (100)

60 (93.8)

0.228

  Remdesivir, n (%)

72 (61.0)^a

115 (74.7)^a

40 (95.2)

58 (92.1)

< 0.001

  Favipiravir, n (%)

58 (49.2)^a

41 (26.6)^a

2 (4.8)

0

< 0.001

  Molnupiravir, n (%)

0^a

0^a

0^a

9 (14.3)

< 0.001

 Neutralizing antibody, n (%)

0^a

0^a

2 (4.8)

13 (20.6)

< 0.001

 Methylprednisolone, n (%)

118 (100)

154 (100)

42 (100)

63 (100)

1

 Anti-cytokine drugs

97 (82.2)

148 (96.1)^a

41 (97.6)^a

42 (66.7)

< 0.001

  Tocilizumab, n (%)

97 (82.2)^a

103 (66.9)^a

4 (9.5)

5 (7.9)

< 0.001

  Baricitinib, n (%)

0^a

48 (31.2)^a

39 (92.9)^a

37 (58.7)

< 0.001

 Antibacterial

  Anti-MRSA antibacterial, n (%)

63 (53.4)

96 (62.3)

26 (61.9)

44 (69.8)

0.172

  Broad-spectrum antibacterial, n (%)

85 (72.0)

124 (80.5)

25 (59.5)

47 (74.6)

0.0422