Table 1 Population demographic and first prehospital clinical characteristics. Results are expressed as mean with standard deviation for quantitative parameters with gaussian distribution, as median with interquartile range for quantitative parameters with non-normal distribution and, as absolute value and percentage for qualitative parameters. p-value corresponds to the comparison between alive and deceased patients. p-value in bold indicates a significant difference between alive and deceased patients
From: The prehospital NEW score to assess septic shock in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality
Overall population (n = 530) | In-hospital | On day 30 | On day 90 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alive (n = 350) | Deceased (n = 180) | P value | Alive (n = 366) | Deceased (n = 164) | P value | Alive (n = 346) | Deceased (n = 184) | P value | ||
Demographics | ||||||||||
Age (years) | 69 ± 15 | 67 ± 15 | 73 ± 14 | < 10− 3 | 68 ± 15 | 73 ± 14 | < 10− 3 | 67 ± 15 | 74 ± 14 | < 10− 3 |
Weight (kg) | 74 ± 20 | 75 ± 20 | 70 ± 20 | 0.026 | 75 ± 20 | 70 ± 20 | 0.014 | 75 ± 20 | 71 ± 20 | 0.038 |
Height (cm) | 170 ± 12 | 170 ± 13 | 169 ± 9 | 0.359 | 170 ± 13 | 169 ± 9 | 0.339 | 170 ± 13 | 169 ± 9 | 0.288 |
BMI (kg.cm− 2) | 28 ± 3 | 29 ± 5 | 25 ± 6 | 0.075 | 29 ± 5 | 24 ± 6 | 0.038 | 29 ± 5 | 25 ± 6 | 0.140 |
Male gender | 341 (64%) | 231 (66%) | 110 (61%) | 0.111 | 243 (66%) | 98 (60%) | 0.141 | 224 (65%) | 117 (64%) | 0.179 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||||
Hypertension | 230 (43%) | 152 (43%) | 78 (43%) | 0.965 | 159 (43%) | 71 (43%) | 0.974 | 147 (42%) | 83 (45%) | 0.770 |
CHD | 104 (20%) | 60 (17%) | 44 (24%) | 0.021 | 64 (17%) | 40 (24%) | 0.065 | 59 (17%) | 45 (24%) | 0.022 |
CCF | 134 (25%) | 72 (21%) | 62 (34%) | < 10− 3 | 74 (20%) | 60 (37%) | < 10− 3 | 71 (21%) | 63 (34%) | < 10− 3 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 151 (28%) | 108 (31%) | 43 (24%) | 0.162 | 109 (30%) | 42 (26%) | 0.326 | 107 (31%) | 44 (24%) | 0.102 |
COPD | 79 (18%) | 48 (14%) | 31 (17%) | 0.086 | 49 (13%) | 30 (18%) | 0.144 | 46 (13%) | 33 (18%) | 0.059 |
CRF | 75 (14%) | 42 (12%) | 33 (18%) | 0.041 | 45 (12%) | 30 (18%) | 0.069 | 39 (11%) | 36 (20%) | 0.014 |
Cancer history | 186 (35%) | 112 (32%) | 74 (41%) | 0.017 | 116 (32%) | 70 (43%) | 0.015 | 107 (31%) | 79 (43%) | 0.005 |
Prehospital | ||||||||||
First SBP (mmHg) | 97 ± 30 | 98 ± 30 | 95 ± 31 | 0.245 | 99 ± 30 | 93 ± 30 | 0.055 | 98 ± 29 | 96 ± 31 | 0.445 |
First DBP (mmHg | 58 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 56 ± 20 | 0.139 | 59 ± 19 | 55 ± 20 | 0.069 | 59 ± 19 | 57 ± 20 | 0.290 |
First MBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 22 | 72 ± 22 | 69 ± 22 | 0.215 | 72 ± 22 | 68 ± 22 | 0.064 | 72 ± 22 | 70 ± 23 | 0.413 |
First HR (beats.min− 1) | 114 ± 28 | 115 ± 27 | 112 ± 31 | 0.241 | 115 ± 28 | 113 ± 31 | 0.463 | 115 ± 27 | 112 ± 30 | 0.201 |
First CRF (sec) | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | 0.786 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 0.408 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | 0.466 |
First RR (movements.min− 1) | 30 [22–36] | 28 [20–35] | 32 [25–39] | 0.001 | 28 [22–35] | 31 [25–38] | 0.005 | 28 [21–35] | 31 [25–38] | 0.004 |
First SMS | 1 [0–3] | 1 [0–3] | 2 [0–3] | 0.005 | 1 [0–3] | 2 [0–4] | 0.022 | 1 [0–3] | 2 [0–4] | 0.004 |
First SpO2 (%) prior oxygen supplementation | 92 [85–96] | 93 [87–96] | 90 [84–95] | 0.014 | 93 [87–96] | 90 [83–95] | 0.006 | 93 [86–96] | 90 [84–95] | 0.047 |
First body core temperature (°C) | 38.5 [36.5–39.1] | 38.5 [36.9–39.3] | 38.0 [36.0–39.0] | 0.009 | 38.4 [36.8–39.3] | 38.1 [36.0–39.0] | 0.018 | 38.5 [36.9–39.3] | 38.0 [36.0–39.0] | 0.013 |
First glycemia (mmol.l− 1) | 8.7 [6.3–12.0] | 8.8 [6.7–12.2] | 7.9 [5.7–11.1] | 0.009 | 8.9 [6.7–12.3] | 7.9 [5.7–11.2] | 0.014 | 8.9 [6.7–12.2] | 7.9 [5.9–11.2] | 0.013 |
GCS | 15 [12–15] | 15 [13–15] | 14 [11–15] | 0.009 | 15 [13–15] | 14 [11–15] | 0.002 | 15 [13–15] | 14 [11–15] | 0.022 |
First blood lactate level (mmol.l− 1) | 5.8 ± 3.4 | 5.6 ± 3.4 | 6.3 ± 3.5 | 0.025 | 5.6 ± 3.3 | 6.3 ± 3.6 | 0.071 | 5.6 ± 3.4 | 6.3 ± 3.5 | 0.057 |
Fluid expansion (ml) | 932 ± 573 | 954 ± 594 | 896 ± 547 | 0.061 | 944 ± 587 | 907 ± 542 | 0.522 | 949 ± 595 | 906 ± 547 | 0.432 |
Norepinephrine administration | 155 (29%) | 101 (29%) | 54 (30%) | 0.304 | 104 (28%) | 51 (31%) | 0.530 | 102 (29%) | 53 (29%) | 0.929 |
Norepinephrine dose | 1.0 [0.5–2.0] | 1.0 [0.5–2.0] | 1.0 [0.8–2.0] | 0.092 | 1.0 [0.5–2.0] | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 0.041 | 1.0 [0.5–2.0] | 1.5 [1.0–2.0] | 0.055 |
ABT administration | 132 (25%) | 97 (28%) | 35 (19%) | 0.089 | 97 (27%) | 35 (21%) | 0.205 | 88 (25%) | 44 (24%) | 0.529 |
Duration (min) | 71 ± 34 | 60 ± 34 | 74 ± 35 | 0.123 | 69 ± 33 | 74 ± 35 | 0.111 | 70 ± 34 | 73 ± 34 | 0.242 |
NEWS-2 | 9 ± 3 | 9 [6–11] | 10 [7–12] | 0.011 | 9 [6–11] | 10 [7–12] | 0.004 | 9 [6–11] | 10 [7–12] | 0.034 |
NEWS-2 ≥ 7 | 406 (77%) | 262 (75%) | 144 (80%) | 0.037 | 268 (73%) | 138 (84%) | 0.007 | 258 (75%) | 148 (80%) | 0.110 |
In-hospital | ||||||||||
SAPS2 score | 60 ± 21 | 54 ± 19 | 71 ± 20 | < 10− 3 | 54 ± 19 | 71 ± 21 | < 10− 3 | 54 ± 19 | 70 ± 20 | < 10− 3 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 4 [2–8] | 4 [2–8] | 3 [1–8] | 0.139 | 4 [2–9] | 3 [1–7] | 0.007 | 4 [2–8] | 3 [1–8] | 0.431 |
In-hospital length of stay (days) | 10 [5–18] | 12 [8–28] | 5 [2–12] | < 10− 3 | 13 [8–21] | 5 [2–11] | < 10− 3 | 12 [7–20] | 5 [2–14] | < 10− 3 |