Table 1 Demographic and Clinical details of the study population
From: Diagnostic accuracy of Lipoarabinomannan detection by lateral flow assay in pleural tuberculosis
DTB | PTB | NTB | All patients | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 26 | 22 | 122 | 170 | |
Age | |||||
Young (18–47 years) | 16 (33·3) | 13 (27·0) | 45 (36·8) | 74 (43·5) | 0·008 |
Middle (48–63 years) | 8 (16·6) | 3 (6·2) | 46 (37·7) | 57 (33·5) | 0·09 |
Elderly (> 64 years) | 2 (4·1) | 6 (12·5) | 31 (25·4) | 39 (22·9) | 0·3 |
Gender | |||||
Male | 18(69·2) | 16 (72·7) | 84 (68·8) | 118 (69·4) | 0·9 |
Female | 8 (30·7) | 6(2·0.3) | 38 (31·1) | 52 (30·5) | |
Clinical details | |||||
Average duration of illness in weeks (± SD) | 4·11 ± 2·45 | 3·59 ± 2·50 | 3·53 ± 2·17 | 3·62 ± 2·25 | 0·31 |
Fever | 21 (80·7) | 16 (7·0.7) | 69 (56·5) | 106 (62·3) | 0·01 |
Cough | 24 (92·3) | 18 (81·8) | 99 (81·1) | 141 (82·9) | 0·32 |
Chest pain | 20 (76·9) | 12 (54·5) | 76 (62·2) | 108 (63·5) | 0·38 |
Dyspnea | 23 (88·4) | 19 (86·3) | 113 (92·6) | 155 (91·1) | 0·28 |
Weight loss* | 21 (80·7) | 10 (45·4) | 57 (46·7) | 88(51·7) | 0·03 |
Site of pleural effusion on radiological examination | |||||
Unilateral | 20 (41·6) | 15 (31·2) | 72 (59·0) | 159 (93·5) | 0·09 |
Bilateral | 6 (12·5) | 7 (14·5) | 50 (40·9) | 63 (37·0) | |
Associated Risk factors | |||||
HIV | 3 (11·5) | 2 (9·0) | 0 (0·0) | 5 (2·9) | 0·001 |
Malnutrition (**MUAC < 22 cm) | 6 (23·0) | 3 (13·6) | 1 (0·8) | 10 (5·8) | 0·00001 |
Malignancy | 2 (7·6) | 0 | 7 (5·7) | 9 (5·2) | 1·00 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 2 (7·6) | 0 | 1 (0·8) | 3 (1·7) | 0·19 |
Chronic Liver Disease | 0 | 1 (4·5) | 2 (1·6) | 3 (1·7) | 1·00 |
Chronic Heart Disease | 0 | 0 | 4 (3·2) | 4 (2·3) | 0·57 |
COVID-19 | 5 (19·2) | 1 (4·5) | 25 (20·4) | 31 (18·2) | 0·27 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 1 (3·8) | 4 (18·1) | 33 (27·0) | 38 (22·3) | 0·02 |
Hypertension | 6 (23·0) | 2 (9·0) | 39 (31·9) | 47 (27·6) | 0·05 |
Smoking | 11 (42·3) | 9 (40·9) | 39 (31·9) | 59 (34·7) | 0·28 |
Associated Pulmonary TB | 7(26·9) | 1(4·5) | 0 (0·0) | 08 (4·7) | 0·001 |
Biochemical analysis of Pleural fluid# | |||||
Protein (g/DL) | 4·6 (3·1–5·7) | 4·7 (4·0–5·3) | 4·3(2·5–5·4) | 4·4(2·7 − 5·5) | 0·158 |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 44·5 (10·0–73·25) | 62·0 (10·0-114·7) | 82·0 (51·5-114·0) | 77 (40–113·5) | 0·009 |
LDH (IU/L) | 575·0 (228·0-1081·0) | 551·5 (294·7-728·2) | 325·5 (154·5-651·5) | 370 (175·5-748·5) | 0·023 |
ADA (IU/L) | 59·4 (42·9–88·2) | 63·0 (51·4–92·9) | 13·68 (10·0–22·7) | 18 (10·0–44·4) | < 0·006 |