Table 1 Characteristics of patients with sepsis

Sex, n (%)

373,539 (100)

49,116(100)

54,622 (100)

58,092 (100)

60,608 (100)

66,511 (100)

84,590 (100)

 Male

186,833 (50.0)

25,362 (51.6)

28,128 (51.5)

29,414 (50.6)

30,220 (49.9)

32,502 (48.9)

41,207 (48.7)

<.0001

 Female

186,706 (50.0)

23,754 (48.4)

26,494 (48.5)

28,678 (49.4)

30,388 (50.1)

34,009 (51.1)

43,383 (51.3)

Age (years), Mean (SD)

68.94 (15.32)

67.25 (15.35)

68.18 (15.3)

68.74 (15.2)

69.28 (15.09)

69.62 (15.26)

69.76 (15.38)

<.0001

 18 ≤ age < 30

8184 (2.2)

1265 (2.6)

1241 (2.3)

1198 (2.1)

1199 (2.0)

1419 (2.1)

1862 (2.2)

<.0001

 30 ≤ age < 40

11,380 (3.0)

1824 (3.7)

1748 (3.2)

1752 (3.0)

1740 (2.9)

1867 (2.8)

2449 (2.9)

 40 ≤ age < 50

23,446 (6.3)

3518 (7.2)

3733 (6.8)

3809 (6.6)

3616 (6.0)

3857 (5.8)

4913 (5.8)

 50 ≤ age < 60

48,803 (13.1)

6968 (14.2)

7377 (13.5)

7741 (13.3)

8017 (13.2)

8358 (12.6)

10,342 (12.2)

 60 ≤ age < 70

66,930 (17.9)

9579 (19.5)

9932 (18.2)

10,186 (17.5)

10,497 (17.3)

11,664 (17.5)

15,072 (17.8)

 70 ≤ age < 80

115,087 (30.8)

15,112 (30.8)

17,345 (31.8)

18,592 (32.0)

19,192 (31.7)

20,188 (30.4)

24,658 (29.2)

 80 ≤ age

99,709 (26.7)

10,850 (22.1)

13,246 (24.3)

14,814 (25.5)

16,347 (27.0)

19,158 (28.8)

25,294 (29.9)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

174,364 (46.7)

22,644 (46.1)

25,817 (47.3)

27,932 (48.1)

29,272 (48.3)

31,697 (47.7)

37,002 (43.7)

<.0001

 Diabetes

88,157 (23.6)

11,548 (23.5)

13,232 (24.2)

14,352 (24.7)

15,101 (24.9)

16,122 (24.2)

17,802 (21.0)

<.0001

 Liver cirrhosis

27,662 (7.4)

3963 (8.1)

4246 (7.8)

4401 (7.6)

4612 (7.6)

4751 (7.1)

5689 (6.7)

<.0001

 Chronic kidney disease

51,157 (13.7)

6453 (13.1)

7271 (13.3)

8087 (13.9)

8563 (14.1)

9431 (14.2)

11,352 (13.4)

<.0001

Malignancy

114,562 (30.7)

15,387 (31.3)

17,228 (31.5)

17,999 (31.0)

18,862 (31.1)

20,083 (31.2)

25,003 (29.6)

<.0001

  locoregional solid tumor

101,320 (27.1)

13,735 (28.0)

15,011 (27.5)

15,809 (27.2)

16,688 (27.5)

17,801 (26.8)

22,276 (26.3)

<.0001

  metastasis

18,938 (5.1)

2844 (5.8)

2933 (5.4)

3044 (5.2)

3159 (5.2)

3240 (4.9)

3718 (4.4)

<.0001

  hematological malignancies

16,911 (4.5)

2105 (4.3)

2822 (5.2)

2793 (4.8)

2783 (4.6)

2947 (4.4)

3461 (4.1)

<.0001

Elixhauser comorbidity index, Mean (SD)

18.58 (12.82)

18.81 (12.87)

18.88 (12.84)

18.69 (12.91)

18.60 (12.92)

18.53 (12.74)

18.20 (12.72)

<.0001

index < 10

101,136 (27.1)

13,059 (26.6)

14,332 (26.2)

15,632 (26.9)

16,522 (27.3)

17,990 (27.0)

23,601 (27.9)

<.0001

10 ≤ index < 20

106,916 (28.6)

14,107 (28.7)

15,518 (28.4)

16,569 (28.5)

17,104 (28.2)

19,076 (28.7)

24,542 (29.0)

20 ≤ index < 30

88,271 (23.6)

11,481 (23.4)

13,064 (23.9)

13,749 (23.7)

14,365 (23.7)

15,819 (23.8)

19,793 (23.4)

30 ≤ index

77,216 (20.7)

10,469 (21.3)

11,708 (21.4)

12,142 (20.9)

12,617 (20.8)

13,626 (20.5)

16,654 (19.7)

Insurance state, n(%)

 National health insurance

323,252 (86.5)

42,251 (86.0)

47,202 (86.4)

50,264 (86.5)

52,615 (86.8)

57,737 (86.8)

73,183 (86.5)

0.001

 Medical aids

50,287 (13.5)

6865 (14.0)

7420 (13.6)

7828 (13.5)

7993 (13.2)

8774 (13.2)

11,407 (13.5)

ICU admission, n(%)

64,023 (17.1)

9681 (19.7)

10,416 (19.1)

10,529 (18.1)

10,386 (17.1)

10,446 (15.7)

12,565 (14.9)

<.0001

Mechanical ventilation, n(%)

103,531 (27.7)

16,099 (32.8)

17,805 (32.6)

17,633 (30.4)

16,988 (28.0)

16,643 (25.0)

18,363 (21.7)

< 0.001

Continuous renal replacement therapy, n(%)

64,023 (17.1)

2707 (5.5)

3237 (5.9)

3778 (6.5)

4082 (6.7)

4571 (6.9)

5168 (6.1)

< 0.001

Type of hospital, n(%)

< 0.001

  Tertiary hospital

147,802 (39.6)

20,284 (41.3)

21,776 (39.9)

23,154 (39.9)

23,388 (38.6)

25,597 (38.5)

33,603 (39.7)

  General hospital

225,737 (60.4)

28,832 (58.7)

32,846 (60.1)

34,938 (60.1)

37,220 (61.4)

40,914 (61.5)

50,987 (60.3)