Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
N0. | Study | Country | Type of research | Population | Sample Type | Reference Standard | Sequencing platform | DNA/RNA Extraction | Metagenomic next-generation sequencing | Neutropenia, n (%) | HSCT,n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | FP | FN | TN | |||||||||||
1 | J. Yu 2021 [17] | Florida | retrospectively | Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | Illumina NexSeq500 | DNA | 16 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 14(45%) | 20(63%) |
2 | W. D. Liu 2021 [16] | China | prospectively | Adults | Blood | CMT | MGISEQ-200 sequencer | DNA | 14 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 14(58%) | NR |
3 | W. Liu 2021 [15] | China | prospectively | Adults | CSF | Clinical Diagnosis | BGISEQ-100 | DNA/RNA | 34 | 1 | 1 | 17 | NR | 53(100%) |
4 | X. Zhang 2022 [30] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | MGISEQ-2000 | DNA | 31 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 23(32%) | 41(100%) |
5 | P. Zhang 2022 [29] | China | retrospectively | Children | Blood | NR | Illumina NextseqTM | DNA | NR | NR | NR | NR | 117(80%) | 8(5%) |
6 | M. Zhang 2022 [28] | China | retrospectively | Adults | Blood; BALF; Tissue; Body fluid; Pus; Sputum | Clinical Diagnosis | BGISEQ-100 | DNA/RNA | 123 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 102(65%) | 45(23%) |
7 | B. Zhang 2022 [27] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | BALF | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
8 | C. Xu 2022 [34] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | NR | DNA | 197 | 44 | 24 | 82 | 135(39%) | 146(42%) |
9 | D. Wang (1) 2022 [26] | China | retrospectively | Children | BALF | NR | Illumina NextSeq550Dx | DNA/RNA | NR | NR | NR | NR | 31(56%) | 23(42%) |
10 | D. Wang (2) 2022 [25] | China | retrospectively | Children | 157 Blood; 53 NPS;30 BALF; 6 Sputum; 5 Pus; 4 Hydrothorax and ascites; 3 CSF | CMT | Illumina Nextseq | DNA | 70 | 154 | 8 | 26 | 194(75%) | 26(10%) |
11 | J. H. Sun 2022 [24] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | 75 Blood; 4 CSF; 3 Urine; 2 Pleural Fluid; 1Pus | CMT | Illumina NexSeq500 | DNA/RNA | 45 | 33 | 7 | 27 | NR | 112(100%) |
12 | E. Schulz 2022 [23] | Austria | prospectively | Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | Noscendo’s DISQVER | NR | 26 | 5 | 39 | 26 | 96(100%) | 43(44%) |
13 | Y. Qu 2022 [22] | China | retrospectively | Children | 54 BALF;32 Blood; 15 CSF | Clinical Diagnosis | NR | NR | 78 | 3 | 9 | 11 | NR | 101(100%) |
14 | S. F. Hao 2022 [21] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | NR | DNA | 57 | 10 | 25 | 6 | NR | NR |
15 | F. Guo 2022 [20] | China | retrospectively | Children | 49 Blood;12 BALF | CMT | BGISEQ-50/MGISEQ-2000 | DNA | 18 | 24 | 1 | 6 | 49(100%) | NR |
16 | Y. Fu 2022 [19] | China | retrospectively | Children | Blood, Urine, Sputum, CSF, BALF; Tissue | Clinical Diagnosis | Illumina NexSeq500Dx | DNA | 78 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 52(54%) | NR |
17 | E. Benamu 2022 [18] | the United States | prospectively | Adults | Blood | Clinical Diagnosis | NR | DNA | 41 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 55(100%) | NR |
18 | Y. Zhang 2023 [35] | China | retrospectively | Children | 71 plasmas; 11 CSF;8 Sputum; 2 BALF; 1 Hydrothorax; 1 Urine; 1 Liver biopsy tissue; 1 Subcutaneous abscess puncture fluid | CMT | Illumina NexSeq500 | DNA | 11 | 44 | 1 | 40 | NR | 19 (28%) |
19 | X. Zhang 2023 [33] | China | retrospectively | Children/Adults | Blood samples; Bone marrow liquid; sputum; Pus; Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal/perianal swabs; Pleural effusion; Ascites, Mid-stream urine samples; Stool; Pericardial effusion | NR | BGISEQ-200 | DNA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 28(27%) |
20 | Li Yuan 2023 [31] | China | retrospectively | Adults | Blood | NR | MGISEQ-2000/200 | DNA | NR | NR | NR | NR | 33(100%) | NR |
21 | S. Zhong 2023 [36] | China | retrospectively | Children | Blood; BALF; CSF; Bone marrow liquid; Pus | NR | Illumina NexSeq500 | DNA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
22 | Z. Shen 2023 [32] | China | prospectively | Children/Adults | BALF | Clinical Diagnosis | NR | DNA | 98 | 5 | 23 | 8 | 22 (21.78%) | 134(100%) |