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Table 9 Biomarker “Consensus” and “All three biomarkers” performance comparisons Based on Criterion 1

From: Urine biomarkers individually and as a consensus model show high sensitivity and specificity for detecting UTIs

Definitive UTI versus Definitive non-UTI

≥ 10,000 Cells/mL and CFUs/mL

“Consensus”***

“All three Biomarkers”***

Sensitivity (95% CI)

84.0% (79.8%, 87.7%)

66.1% (60.9%, 71.0%)

Specificity (95% CI)

91.2% (86.8%, 94.6%)

97.4% (94.4%, 99.0%)

Positive Predictive Value (95% CI)

93.7% (90.4%, 96.1%)

97.5% (94.6%, 99.1%)

Negative Predictive Value (95% CI)

78.8% (73.4%, 83.6%)

65.1% (59.8%, 70.2%)

Accuracy (95% CI)

86.9% (83.8%, 89.5%)

78.4% (74.8%, 81.7%)

Positive Likelihood Ratio (95% CI)

9.58 (6.29, 14.6)

25.12 (11.36, 55.51)

Negative Likelihood Ratio (95% CI)

0.17 (0.11, 0.27)

0.35 (0.16, 0.77)

  1. ***indicates the Proportion Z-test comparison of sensitivity: p-value < 0.0001