Table 3 HIV-adjusted univariable & multivariable Cox regression models stratified by country (South Africa and Ethiopia)
Factor | Total | Univariable analysis | P-Value | Global P-Value | Multivariable analysis | P-Value | Global P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||||||
HIV Status | |||||||||
 Negative | 80 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | ||
 Positive | 76 | 1.45 (0.99, 2.14) | 0.059 | 1.59 (1.05, 2.40) | 0.028 | ||||
Sex | |||||||||
 Male | 85 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | ||
 Female | 71 | 0.91 (0.66, 1.25) | 0.561 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.10) | 0.159 | ||||
Age | |||||||||
 18–24 | 36 | 1 | - | 0.560 | - | - | - | ||
 25–34 | 65 | 0.93 (0.60, 1.45) | 0.760 | - | - | ||||
 35–44 | 30 | 0.77 (0.44, 1.33) | 0.342 | - | - | ||||
 45+ | 25 | 0.71 (0.41, 1.25) | 0.241 | - | - | ||||
BMI | |||||||||
 < 16.0 | 17 | 1.62 (0.78, 3.38) | 0.199 | 0.537 | - | - | - | ||
 16.0–18.4 | 49 | 1.10 (0.60, 2.02) | 0.754 | - | - | ||||
 18.5–24.9 | 75 | 1.22 (0.68, 2.18) | 0.511 | - | - | ||||
 25.0+ | 15 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
Smear result | |||||||||
 Negative/ scanty/ 1+ | 41 | 1.41 (0.95, 2.10) | 0.090 | 0.195 | - | - | - | ||
 2+ | 37 | 1.26 (0.85, 1.88) | 0.255 | - | - | ||||
 3+ | 78 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
Culture result | |||||||||
 Negative/ 1–9 / 1+ | 18 | 1.85 (1.06, 3.22) | 0.029 | 0.080 | 1.85 (1.00, 3.43) | 0.050 | 0.089 | ||
 2+ | 35 | 1.38 (0.86, 2.21) | 0.185 | 1.52 (0.92, 2.53) | 0.102 | ||||
 3+ | 103 | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||||
Extent of opacities | |||||||||
 Minimal/moderate | 104 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Far advanced | 52 | 0.93 (0.64, 1.33) | 0.676 | - | - | ||||
Cavitation | |||||||||
 Absent | 26 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Present | 130 | 0.88 (0.57, 1.37) | 0.578 | - | - | ||||
Costophrenic obliteration | |||||||||
 Absent | 127 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Present | 29 | 1.07 (0.70, 1.62) | 0.753 | - | - | ||||
Pleural thickening | |||||||||
 Absent | 150 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Present | 6 | 1.09 (0.48, 2.49) | 0.832 | - | - | ||||
Diabetes | |||||||||
 No | 147 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Yes | 9 | 1.18 (0.58, 2.40) | 0.653 | - | - | ||||
Resistance to isoniazid | |||||||||
 No | 10 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Yes | 138 | 0.63 (0.32, 1.23) | 0.179 | - | - | ||||
Resistance to ethambutol | |||||||||
 No | 40 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Yes | 108 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.14) | 0.198 | - | - | ||||
Resistance to pyrazinamide | |||||||||
 No | 45 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Yes | 85 | 0.90 (0.62, 1.30) | 0.566 | - | - | ||||
Extent of cavities | |||||||||
 Nil | 26 | 1 | - | 0.695 | - | - | - | ||
 Unilateral | 77 | 0.84 (0.53, 1.34) | 0.468 | - | - | ||||
 Bilateral | 53 | 0.95 (0.58, 1.54) | 0.832 | - | - | ||||
Previous treatment | |||||||||
 No | 13 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
 Yes | 143 | 0.97 (0.54, 1.75) | 0.922 | - | - | ||||
Haemoglobin | |||||||||
 < 11 | 35 | 1.25 (0.82, 1.89) | 0.299 | - | 1.53 (0.98, 2.38) | 0.060 | - | ||
 11+ | 108 | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||||