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Table 4 Bacteria reported in different HCAI clinical syndromes

From: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of endemic healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bacteria

SSI, n (%)

UTIa, n (%)

BSIb, n (%)

PNc, n (%)

Unknownd, n (%)

Total, n (%)

Acinetobacter spp.

44 (2.1)

26 (4.4)

200 (10.0)

134 (25.4)

34 (2.8)

438 (6.8)

Citrobacter spp.

67 (3.1)

6 (1.0)

6 (0.3)

.

45 (3.7)

124 (1.9)

CoNS

119 (5.5)

21 (3.5)

229 (11.5)

3 (0.6)

54 (4.5)

426 (6.6)

E. coli

543 (25.3)

147 (24.8)

156 (7.8)

40 (7.6)

296 (24.6)

1,182 (18.3)

Enterobacter spp.

23 (1.1)

16 (2.7)

68 (3.4)

16 (3.0)

32 (2.7)

155 (2.4)

Enterococcus spp.

92 (4.3)

52 (8.8)

117 (5.9)

6 (1.1)

107 (8.9)

374 (5.8)

Klebsiella spp.

252 (11.8)

82 (13.8)

568 (28.5)

114 (21.6)

99 (8.2)

1,115 (17.2)

Kluyvera spp.

5 (0.2)

.

.

.

.

5 (0.1)

Morganella morganii

5 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

3 (0.1)

1 (0.2)

.

10 (0.2)

Proteus spp.

251 (11.7)

25 (4.2)

3 (0.1)

15 (2.8)

22 (1.8)

316 (4.9)

Pseudomonas spp.

214 (10.0)

46 (7.8)

148 (7.4)

98 (18.6)

165 (13.7)

671 (10.3)

S. aureus

443 (20.6)

61 (10.3)

227 (11.4)

72 (13.7)

315 (26.2)

1,118 (17.3)

Serratia spp.

11 (0.5)

4 (0.7)

106 (5.3)

4 (0.8)

2 (0.2)

127 (2.0)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

1 (0.1)

.

11 (0.6)

.

15 (1.3)

27 (0.4)

Streptococcus spp.

62 (2.9)

3 (0.5)

78 (3.9)

9 (1.7)

1 (0.1)

153 (2.3)

Haemophillus influenzae

.

.

.

11 (2.1)

.

11 (0.2)

Candida spp.

13 (0.6)

103 (17.4)

75 (3.8)

4 (0.8)

16 (1.3)

211 (3.3)

Total

2145

593

1995

527

1203

6463

  1. SSI surgical site infection, BSI Bloodstream Infection, UTI Urinary Tract Infection, PN Pneumonia
  2. aIncluded catheter-associated UTI
  3. bIncluded catheter-related BSI, central line-associated BSI
  4. cIncluded healthcare-associated pneumonia, low respiratory tract infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia
  5. dIncluded all the four types of HCAI without separating them