Table 3 Exploratory Meta-regression analysis of risk factors associated with HCAI in Africa

Contaminated and dirty wound

1.75

1.31–2.19

0.223

7.84

< 0.001

0

11.33

0.88

Hospital stays (pre- or post-operative) > 7 days

1.36

0.92–1.80

0.225

6.02

< 0.0001

72.1

94.94

< 0.0001

Presence of urinary catheter

1.57

0.35–2.78

0.618

2.53

0.0114

73.8

29.4

< 0.0001

Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation

1.53

0.85–2.22

0.350

4.41

< 0.0001

38.8

10.77

0.15

Presence of PVC or CVC

1.49

0.52–2.45

0.492

3.02

< 0.0025

62.3

16.14

0.013

Middle incision

1.49

0.66–2.32

0.430

3.50

0.0005

0

0.46

0.98

Haemoglobin level < 11 g/dl

1.42

0.78–2.05

0.322

4.39

< 0.0001

0

1.89

0.98

History of surgery in the past 30 days

1.26

0.76–1.76

0.256

4.92

< 0.0001

0

3.08

0.93

Blood transfusion

1.26

0.35–2.17

0.464

2.71

0.0067

40.9

9.41

0.09

Duration of procedure > 60 min

1.10

0.55–1.65

0.281

3.91

< 0.0001

2.83

12.43

0.26

Membrane rupture > 12 h

1.08

0.60–1.57

0.248

4.37

< 0.0001

28.6

10.33

0.28

Multiple vaginal examinations

1.02

0.23–1.81

0.402

2.53

0.0113

0

2.46

0.48

Duration of labour > 24 h

1.01

0.39–1.63

0.318

3.18

0.0015

0

3.16

0.79

Hypertension and hypertensive disorders

0.92

0.19–1.64

0.368

2.49

0.0128

0

2.64

0.62

Diabetes

0.88

0.38–1.39

0.256

3.42

< 0.0006

0

9.72

0.37