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Table 2 Prevalence ranges of HCAI syndromes in random effects model

From: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of endemic healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Type of HCAI

Prevalence ranges (%) (Median)

I2 (%)

Tau-square

P-value

Before sensitivity testing

 PN

2.4–85.7 (20.6)

98

0.0538

< 0.01

 BSI

2.4–62.6 (19.8)

98

0.0192

< 0.01

 UTI

0.5–65.6 (16.9)

97

0.0189

< 0.01

 SSI

1.8–70.5 (13.6)

98

0.0204

0

 Unknowna

1.6–63.4 (14.9)

99

0.0167

0

After 1st sensitivity testingb

 PN

2.4–85.7 (20.6)

97

0.0594

< 0.01

 BSI

2.4–48.9 (19.5)

89

0.0123

< 0.01

 UTI

0.5–51.4 (16.9)

97

0.0151

< 0.01

 SSI

1.8–70.5 (11.7)

98

0.0213

0

 Unknowna

3.9–63.4 (14.0)

98

0.0178

< 0.01

After 2nd sensitivity testinga

 PN

2.4–85.7 (20.6)

98

0.0831

< 0.01

 BSI

2.4–41.2 (20.0)

93

0.0124

< 0.01

 UTI

0.5–28.6 (19.8)

97

0.0094

< 0.01

 SSI

2.3–69.7 (12.4)

97

0.0153

< 0.01

 Unknowna

3.9–39.1 (13.5)

98

0.0154

< 0.01

  1. SSI surgical site infection, BSI Bloodstream Infection, UTI Urinary Tract Infection, PN Pneumonia, CI confidence intervals
  2. aStudies that reported all the four HCAI without giving prevalence for each type
  3. bExcluding low quality studies
  4. cIncluding only good quality studies