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Table 1 After sequential rounds of screening using the universal library sdAb-U and the targeted library sdAb-RBD, the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific binding phages were selectively enriched. PFU, plaque-forming unit

From: Single-domain antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD from a two-stage phage screening of universal and focused synthetic libraries

Library

Round

Wash times

Input titer

(PFU/well)

Output titer

(PFU/well)

Recovery

efficiency

Fold increase

sdAb-U

Round 1

25

3.2 × 1011

1.2 × 106

3.8 × 10− 6

--

Round 2

30

2.1 × 1010

7.1 × 106

3.4 × 10− 4

89

sdAb-RBD

Round 1

25

2.5 × 1010

3.9 × 106

1.6 × 10− 4

42 (to sdAb-U round 1)

Round 2

30

5.1 × 109

1.0 × 106

2.0 × 10− 3

13