Table 1 Descriptive summary of included studies
Authors | Year (yr) | Country | Region by World Health Organization | Year of the data (yr) | Study design | Sample size | Mean/median, age (yrs) | Type of TB | Median time (IQR) | 2nd-month Conversion (%) | Overall conversion (%) | Treatment scheme | Influencing factors of conversion time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akalu TY | 2018 | Ethiopia | Africa | 2010–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 392 | 29.5 | RR-TB MDR-TB XDR-TB | 65 days (60–70) | - | 86.7% | - | 3, 8, 12, 13, 14 |
Akinsola OJ | 2018 | Nigeria | Africa | 2012–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 413 | 36.8 ± 12.7 | MDR-TB | 5.5 months (1.5–11.5) | - | 58.4% | - | 1, 6, 15 |
Putri FA | 2014 | Indonesia | Southeast Asia | 2009–2011 | Retrospective cohort | 212 | 37 ± 12 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 2 months (1–3) | - | 81% | A + B | 2, 5, 8, 14, 17, 19 |
Lu P | 2017 | China | Western Pacific region | 2011–2014 | Prospective cohort | 139 | 51 | MDR-TB | 92 days (34–111) | 28% | 76.3% | A + B | - |
Li Q | 2019 | China | Western Pacific region | 2011–2015 | Retrospective cohort | 365 | - | MDR-TB | 85 days (42.0–106.5) | - | 90.96% | A + B | - |
Kurbatova EV | 2012 | Multiple countries | Multi-region | 2000–2003 | Retrospective cohort | 1416 | 38 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 3 months (2.0–5.0) | 33% | 85.4% | - | - |
Li Q | 2020 | China | Western Pacific region | 2011–2015 | Retrospective cohort | 384 | 41.7 ± 15.4 | MDR-TB | 85 days (40–112) | - | 93.5% | - | 1 |
Liu Q | 2018 | China | Western Pacific region | 2011–2014 | Prospective cohort | 139 | 51 | MDR-TB | 91.5 days (34.0–110.8) | - | 76.3% | A + B | 1, 2, 3, 4, 8,19 |
Magee MJ | 2014 | Georgia | Europe | 2009–2011 | Prospective cohort | 1366 | 35.1 | MDR-TB | 68 days (50–120) | - | 70.7% | B | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 |
Ncha R | 2019 | South Africa | Africa | 2012–2014 | Retrospective cohort | 371 | 38 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 58.2 days (29–113) | - | 70% | - | 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 14 |
Mpagama SG | 2013 | Tanzania | Africa | 2009–2011 | Retrospective cohort | 61 | 36 ± 13 | MDR-TB | 2 months (1–3) | - | 85% | A | - |
Huerga H | 2017 | Kenya | Africa | 2006–2012 | Retrospective cohort | 169 | 29 | MDR-TB | 2 months (2–3) | - | 73.9% | A + B | - |
Bade AB | 2021 | Ethiopia | Africa | 2013–2019 | Retrospective cohort | 200 | 32.9 ± 9.5 | MDR-TB | 31 days (30–61) | 79.5% | 100% | - | - |
Brust JC | 2011 | South Africa | Africa | 2008–2009 | Retrospective cohort | 45 | 33 | MDR-TB | 62 days (48–111) | - | 89% | A | - |
Magee MJ | 2017 | South Africa | Africa | 2011–2015 | Prospective cohort | 91 | 35 | MDR-TB | 82 days (53–143) | 55.5% | 96% | A | - |
Brust JC | 2013 | South Africa | Africa | 2008–2010 | Retrospective cohort | 56 | 36 | MDR-TB | 66 days (43–96) | 32% | 95% | A | - |
Gadallah MA | 2016 | Egypt | Africa | 2006–2010 | Prospective cohort | 228 | 37 | MDR-TB | 60 days (58–121) | 21.3% | 87.5% | B | - |
Zheng X | 2022 | China | Western Pacific region | 2016–2019 | Prospective cohort | 197 | 42.0 ± 9.9 | MDR-TB | 4 months (2–14) | 44.7% | 79.2% | A | - |
Tierney DB | 2014 | Peru | America | 1990–2002 | Retrospective cohort | 592 | 28.7 | MDR-TB | 59 days (31–92) | - | 87.7% | B | - |
Lee M | 2019 | South Korea | Southeast Asia | 2011–2015 | Retrospective cohort | 2472 | 47 ± 17.0 | MDR-TB | 61 days (28–109) | - | - | B | - |
Javaid A | 2018 | Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | 2012–2014 | Retrospective cohort | 428 | 30.7 ± 14.35 | MDR-TB | 58 days (30–90) | 56.8% | - | B | 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19 |
Hafkin J | 2013 | Botswana | Africa | 2005–2009 | Retrospective cohort | HIV-infected:40;non-HIV-infected:30 | 38 | MDR-TB | HIV-infected:78 days (42–186) non-HIV-infected:95 days (70–133) | - | 84% | B | 7 |
Ghimire S | 2020 | Nepal | Southeast Asia | 2014–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 98 | 29 | MDR-TB | 60 days (60–90) | - | 82.6% | A | - |
Diktanas S | 2021 | Li Wantao | Europe | 2016–2019 | Retrospective cohort | 115 | 48 ± 12 | MDR-TB RR-TB XDR-TB | 1.1 months (0.9–1.8) | 65.2% | 89.6% | - | 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 14 |
Meshesha MD | 2022 | Ethiopia | Africa | 2014–2018 | Retrospective cohort | 145 | 29.6 ± 12.4 | MDR/RR-TB | 2 months (1–3) | 69.7% | - | A + B | 2, 9, 10, 12, 14 |
Tekalegn Y | 2020 | Ethiopia | Africa | 2012–2017 | Retrospective cohort | 228 | 28 | All DR-TB | 61 days (34–92) | 46.9% | - | A | 5, 12, 14 |
Velayutham B | 2016 | India | Southeast Asia | 2009–2011 | Retrospective cohort | 787 | - | MDR/RR-TB | 91.3 days (91.3–121.7) | - | 83% | A | - |
Diallo A | 2020 | Guinea | Africa | 2016–2018 | Retrospective cohort | 118 | 34 | RR-TB | 59 days (31–61) | - | 89% | A | - |
Reimann M | 2019 | Germany | Europe | 2012–2017 | Retrospective cohort | non-smoker:20; smoker:45 | 36.5/37.4 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | non-smoker:53 days (19–89) smoker:60.7 days (33.3–76) | - | - | - | - |
Shibabaw A | 2018 | Ethiopia | Africa | 2011–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 235 | 30 | MDR/RR-TB | 72 days (44–123) | - | 85.5% | A | 5, 7 |
Ding CH | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018–2020 | Prospective cohort | 79 | ≥ 18 | MDR-TB XDR-TB pre-XDR-TB | 4 weeks (2–8) | 70.9% | 91.1% | C | - |
Htun YM | 2018 | Myanmar | Southeast Asia | 2014 | Retrospective cohort | 330 | 39.45 ± 13.28 | MDR-TB | 147 days (94–241) | - | - | A | - |
Shi ZY | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018–2019 | Retrospective cohort | 38 | 31 | MDR-TB/ XDR-TB | 8 weeks (4–16) | 68.4% | 84.2% | C | - |
Kim CT | 2018 | South Korea | Southeast Asia | 2015–2017 | Retrospective cohort | 55 | 52 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 119 days (52.5–198.5) | - | 70.9% | C | - |
Abubakar M | 2022 | Pakistan | Eastern Mediterranean | 2010–2017 | Retrospective cohort | 355 | 32.99 ± 14.54 | XDR-TB | 91 days (59–156) | 27.3% | 63.6% | B | 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 20 |
Salindri AD | 2016 | Georgia | Europe | 2011–2014 | Prospective cohort | 52 | 47 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 62 days (32–94) | - | 84.6% | - | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12 |
Wu GL | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018–2020 | Prospective cohort | 16 | 26 ~ 27 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 8 weeks (4–12) | - | 94% | C | - |
Pei Y | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018–2020 | Prospective cohort | 44 | 38 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 22 days (18–59) | - | 95% | C | - |
Kim J | 2016 | South Korea | Southeast Asia | 2009–2012 | Retrospective cohort | 35 | 41 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 56 days (0–92) | 60% | - | A | - |
Shi L | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018–2019 | Retrospective cohort | DM group: 76; non-DM group: 61 | 49.8 ± 10.5 49.3 ± 9.7 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 56 days (28–63) 56 days (28–84) | - | 95.6% 98.2% | C | - |
Rodriguez M | 2013 | Dominica | America | 2006–2010 | Retrospective cohort | 289 | 35 | MDR-TB | 2 months (2–3) | - | 86.5% | A + B | - |
Parmar MM | 2018 | India | Southeast Asia | 2007–2011 | Retrospective cohort | 3712 | 35 | MDR-TB | 100 days (92–125) | - | 73.6% | - | 1, 2, 5, 6 |
Heyckendorf J | 2018 | Germany | Europe | 2013–2016 | Prospective cohort | 29 | 36 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 39 days (6–85) | 61% | 95% | B + C | - |
Gao M | 2021 | China | Western Pacific region | 2018.02–12 | Prospective cohort | 177 | 40 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 4 weeks (2–8) | 67.2% | 85.3% | C | - |
Borisov SE | 2017 | Multiple countries | Multi-region | 2008–2016 | Retrospective cohort | 428 | 35 | MDR-TB XDR-TB | 60 days (33–90) | 56.7% | 91.2% | C | - |