Table 3 Risk factors for carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: multilevel models

Intercept only

Estimate (Standard error)

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Estimate (Standard error)

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Intercept

−2.64** (0.21)

−3.54** (0.80)

−16.98 (637.05)

Days per week attending the DCC

0.19 (0.15)

1.21 (0.91–1.61)

0.16 (0.20)

1.17 (0.78–1.75)

Antimicrobial use (< 6 months)

0.65* (0.33)

1.92 (0.99–3.69)

0.13 (0.41)

1.14 (0.51–2.55)

Animal contact (< 6 months) – at home

−0.65 (0.53)

0.52 (0.19–1.48)

−0.04 (0.64)

0.96 (0.27–3.40)

Animal contact (< 6 months) – zoo

−0.11 (0.36)

0.90 (0.45–1.82)

0.10 (0.43)

1.11 (0.48–2.59)

Animal contact (< 6 months) – live stock

−0.90 (0.72)

0.41 (0.10–1.65)

−1.78 (1.16)

0.17 (0.02–1.66)

Travel abroad (< 6 months) – Africa

0.54 (1.06)

1.72 (0.21–13.88)

0.60 (1.11)

1.82 (0.21–15.99)

Travel abroad (< 6 months) – Asia

3.88* (1.28)

48.65 (3.93–602.89)

3.07* (1.19)

21.56 (2.04–227.58)

Travel abroad (< 6 months) – Europe

0.19 (0.32)

1.21 (0.64–2.29)

0.29 (0.38)

1.34 (0.64–2.80)

Country

0.49 (0.74)

1.64 (0.38–7.06)

ATP sanitary

0.02 (0.44)

1.02 (0.43–2.42)

ATP group

−0.23 (0.39)

0.79 (0.37–1.70)

Changing mat is cleaned after each use

−0.43 (0.58)

0.65 (0.21–2.02)

Used diapers are immediately put in the diaper container

13.67 (637.05)

> 999.9 (/ - /)

Liquid soap available at the sink at the staff toilet

−1.34 (0.85)

0.26 (0.05–1.39)

Maximum temperature of fridge > = the national guideline

−0.66 (0.54)

0.52 (0.18–1.50)

Cleaning schedule for the kitchen

0.68 (0.61)

1.97 (0.60–6.51)

Dish cloths, towels and tea towels are not visually soiled

1.47 (0.96)

4.34 (0.66–28.61)

Staff wash their hands after changing a diaper of cleaning the nose/bum of a child

−0.01 (0.58)

0.99 (0.32–3.07)

Staff does not wear rings

−0.23 (0.52)

0.80 (0.29–2.21)

Error variance

Level − 2 Intercept

1.68* (0.55)

2.74* (1.19)

1.28 (0.87)

Model Fit

-2 Log-likelihood

608.91

389.57

261.16

∆ log likelihood (∆df)

219.34 (9)

128.41 (11)

p-value

< 0.001

< 0.001

ICC_DCCgroups

0.34

0.45

0.28

AIC

612.91

409.57

303.16