Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all study participants
From: A novel diagnostic model for tuberculous meningitis using Bayesian latent class analysis
Any test | ZN-Smear | MGIT | Xpert | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | N = 659 | Positive, N = 138a | Negative, N = 217a | Missing, N = 304a | Positive, N = 125a | Negative, N = 230a | Positive, N = 85a | Negative, N = 270a | Positive, N = 74a | Negative, N = 281a |
Age (year(s)) | 659 | 42; 39 (29, 51) | 42; 40 (27, 56) | 42; 40 (26, 56) | 42; 39 (29, 51) | 42; 40 (27, 56) | 40; 39 (29, 48) | 43; 40 (28, 56) | 40; 37 (29, 48) | 43; 40 (28, 56) |
HIV positive | 448 | 33 (27%) | 8 (5.2%) | 9 (5.3%) | 31 (27%) | 10 (6.1%) | 26 (33%) | 15 (7.5%) | 26 (37%) | 15 (7.2%) |
- Missing | 14 | 63 | 134 | 11 | 66 | 6 | 71 | 4 | 73 | |
Symptom duration (day(s)) | 633 | 15; 12 (8, 16) | 12; 8 (5, 14) | 9; 5 (3, 8) | 15; 12 (8, 15) | 12; 8 (5, 14) | 18; 14 (10, 20) | 12; 8 (5, 14) | 18; 14 (10, 21) | 12; 8 (5, 14) |
- Missing | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | |
TB-suggested systemic symptoms | 394 | 53 (58%) | 42 (31%) | 20 (12%) | 49 (60%) | 46 (32%) | 36 (68%) | 59 (34%) | 33 (70%) | 62 (35%) |
- Missing | 47 | 83 | 135 | 44 | 86 | 32 | 98 | 27 | 103 | |
Noticed TB contact within the last 12 months | 659 | 7 (5.1%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (5.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | 4 (4.7%) | 6 (2.2%) | 4 (5.4%) | 6 (2.1%) |
Focal neurological deficit | 643 | 24 (18%) | 27 (13%) | 28 (9.4%) | 23 (19%) | 28 (13%) | 17 (20%) | 34 (13%) | 16 (22%) | 35 (13%) |
- Missing | 4 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | |
Cranial nerve palsy | 659 | 31 (22%) | 27 (12%) | 24 (7.9%) | 29 (23%) | 29 (13%) | 25 (29%) | 33 (12%) | 23 (31%) | 35 (12%) |
Glasgow Coma Score | 638 | 12; 12 (10, 15) | 12; 12 (10, 14) | 12; 12 (10, 13) | 12; 12 (10, 15) | 12; 12 (10, 14) | 11; 11 (10, 14) | 12; 13 (10, 15) | 11; 11 (9, 14) | 12; 13 (10, 15) |
- Missing | 1 | 4 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | |
X-ray pulmonary TB (excluding miliary TB) | 659 | 22 (16%) | 5 (2.3%) | 4 (1.3%) | 20 (16%) | 7 (3.0%) | 17 (20%) | 10 (3.7%) | 18 (24%) | 9 (3.2%) |
X-ray miliary TB | 659 | 4 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4.1%) | 1 (0.4%) |
CSF lymphocyte count (cell(s)/mm3) | 656 | 228; 153 (82, 302) | 278; 80 (13, 291) | 270; 48 (5, 261) | 220; 152 (81, 292) | 279; 90 (14, 293) | 237; 152 (81, 329) | 265; 102 (21, 290) | 212; 123 (57, 285) | 271; 110 (23, 293) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CSF WCC (cell(s)/mm3) | 656 | 481; 300 (163, 559) | 708; 140 (18, 460) | 1,940; 68 (8, 856) | 483; 280 (160, 564) | 693; 164 (24, 478) | 492; 330 (190, 519) | 659; 166 (32, 479) | 485; 300 (184, 614) | 655; 176 (35, 475) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CSF eosinophil count (cell(s)/mm3) | 658 | 0; 0 (0, 0) | 14; 0 (0, 0) | 5; 0 (0, 0) | 0; 0 (0, 0) | 13; 0 (0, 0) | 0; 0 (0, 0) | 11; 0 (0, 0) | 0; 0 (0, 0) | 11; 0 (0, 0) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CSF RBC Count (cell(s)/mm3) | 659 | 874; 25 (2, 123) | 2,040; 12 (0, 324) | 1,673; 18 (0, 1,000) | 341; 22 (2, 90) | 2,263; 14 (0, 390) | 1,164; 25 (0, 140) | 1,719; 14 (0, 300) | 267; 21 (0, 105) | 1,934; 16 (0, 300) |
CSF protein (g/l) | 657 | 2.44; 1.79 (1.18, 2.45) | 1.48; 0.88 (0.46, 1.75) | 1.73; 0.73 (0.37, 1.98) | 2.49; 1.86 (1.21, 2.46) | 1.50; 0.91 (0.46, 1.82) | 2.26; 1.89 (1.35, 2.50) | 1.72; 1.01 (0.50, 1.93) | 2.85; 1.88 (1.51, 2.39) | 1.59; 1.00 (0.51, 1.97) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CSF lactate (mmol/l) | 657 | 5.8; 5.4 (3.8, 7.8) | 4.1; 3.1 (2.3, 4.6) | 5.6; 3.0 (2.2, 6.8) | 5.9; 5.4 (3.8, 7.8) | 4.2; 3.2 (2.3, 5.0) | 6.5; 6.1 (4.4, 8.0) | 4.3; 3.4 (2.3, 5.0) | 6.8; 6.6 (5.2, 8.3) | 4.3; 3.4 (2.3, 5.0) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CSF glucose (mmol/l) | 657 | 2.21; 1.97 (1.34, 2.80) | 3.50; 3.51 (2.64, 4.31) | 3.55; 3.76 (2.67, 4.54) | 2.14; 1.97 (1.30, 2.76) | 3.47; 3.49 (2.59, 4.30) | 2.00; 1.76 (1.27, 2.29) | 3.32; 3.33 (2.47, 4.08) | 1.79; 1.67 (1.19, 2.18) | 3.32; 3.31 (2.42, 4.08) |
- Missing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Paired blood glucose (mmol/l) | 651 | 6.55; 6.41 (5.80, 7.26) | 6.96; 6.53 (5.44, 7.51) | 7.17; 6.54 (5.45, 8.13) | 6.51; 6.40 (5.78, 7.20) | 6.96; 6.53 (5.46, 7.52) | 6.60; 6.53 (5.78, 7.28) | 6.87; 6.48 (5.52, 7.46) | 6.49; 6.40 (5.70, 7.14) | 6.89; 6.49 (5.53, 7.50) |
- Missing | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
Cryptococcal antigen/Indian ink + | 572 | 1 (0.7%) | 5 (2.4%) | 13 (5.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 5 (1.9%) | 1 (1.4%) | 5 (1.8%) |
- Missing | 1 | 8 | 78 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | |
Positive CSF Gram stain | 644 | 0 (0%) | 7 (3.2%) | 37 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2.6%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2.5%) |
- Missing | 5 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | |
Fever | 659 | 134 (97%) | 203 (94%) | 276 (91%) | 121 (97%) | 216 (94%) | 82 (96%) | 255 (94%) | 71 (96%) | 266 (95%) |
Headache | 606 | 127 (96%) | 162 (81%) | 215 (79%) | 115 (96%) | 174 (82%) | 79 (98%) | 210 (83%) | 68 (96%) | 221 (84%) |
- Missing | 6 | 16 | 31 | 5 | 17 | 4 | 18 | 3 | 19 | |
Neck stiffness | 633 | 75 (56%) | 114 (54%) | 158 (55%) | 67 (56%) | 122 (54%) | 46 (55%) | 143 (54%) | 39 (54%) | 150 (55%) |
- Missing | 5 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 7 | |
Psychosis | 647 | 4 (2.9%) | 32 (15%) | 63 (21%) | 3 (2.4%) | 33 (15%) | 3 (3.6%) | 33 (12%) | 2 (2.7%) | 34 (12%) |
- Missing | 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | |