Table 1 Description of the restrictions applied in France between September 2020 and June 2021

October 17–October 29

Night-time curfew (9pm to 6am) in several French departments.

-

October 30–December 14

Second nationwide lockdown. Primary and secondary schools remained open, subject to strict health protocols. Grocery shops and factories continued to operate, medical-related appointments remained possible. Bars, restaurants, gyms and other non-essential services were closed. Displacements were limited to a maximum radius of one kilometer from home.

LD2

December 15–January 15

Night-time curfew in place between 8pm and 6am every day.

Curfew 8pm

January 16–March 19

Night-time curfew hours extended to between 6pm and 6am every day.

Curfew 6pm

pre-holidays / holidays / post-holidays^a

March 20–May 2

Third lockdown imposed on March 20 in in 16 departments at high incidence (including the whole of Île-de-France, Hauts-de-France, one department of Normandy and one department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur). The lockdown was then extended nationwide on April 3. Schools remained closed for an extended duration, with the planned holiday closure being prolonged of an additional 1 or 2 weeks (for primary and middle/high schools, respectively). Non-essential activities were closed. A declaration was required for travel beyond 10 km of one’s place of residence. Stay-at-home orders were replaced with recommendations to encourage spending time outdoors, aiming to reduce transmission in closed spaces.

LD3